Adachi was born in what is now the town of Yamanobe, Yamagata, Japan. In 1892, he graduated from the law school of Tokyo University, and began his legal and diplomatic career.
Legal and diplomatic workedit
In 1892–1893, he lectured on law at Tokyo University. In 1893, he was appointed Chargé d'affaires of the Japanese Legation in Rome, and served in that position until 1896. From 1899 to 1902, he served as Chargé d'affaires of the Japanese Legation in Paris. In 1903–1904, he served as Counsellor to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and also taught international law and diplomatic history at Tokyo University. In 1904–1905, he sat as judge at the Sasebo and Yokosuka Prize Courts.
In 1905, he was a member of the Japanese delegation that negotiated in Portsmouth the peace treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War.[3] In 1907–1910, he served again as Chargé d'affaires at the Japanese Legation in Paris, and in 1912–1915 served as Japanese Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico. In 1915–1916, he took part in a Japanese Red Cross mission in Russia, then suffering from ravages of the First World War. In 1917, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Belgium, and in that capacity participated in the Japanese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. During that conference, he also served as member of the Commission of Responsibilities, which recommended prosecuting German leaders accused of war crimes. From 1920 to 1927, he served as Ambassador to Belgium, and in 1927–1930 he was Ambassador to France.[4]
On September 25, 1930, he was elected to serve as judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice. On January 16, 1931, he was elected President of the same court, a position he held until January 1, 1934, shortly prior to his death.[5][6] He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1932.[7] He died Amsterdam, Netherlands, on December 28, 1934.
During his tenure as President of the court, most of Adachi's rulings were in line with the majority opinions of the court, except for his ruling in September 1931 regarding the proposed Customs Union between Germany and Austria. As the majority opinion viewed that step as contravening the obligations of the German and Austrian governments not to compromise their own independence, Adachi claimed in his separate opinion that:
"Restrictions on its liberty of action which a State may agree to do not affect its independence, provided that the State does not thereby deprive itself of its organic powers".
His argument was that the proposed economic union did not compromise Austria's independence, just as membership in the League of Nations did not constitute a violation of that independence despite the practical restrictions it imposed on each one of its member states.[8]
Funeral of Adachi Mineichirō on January 3, 1935, in The Hague. The news film shows the funeral procession, which starts at the Peace Palace and ends at the Cemetery at Kerkhoflaan (street name in The Hague)
Works (partial list)edit
Le Japon et le Traites Internationaux (1927)
Referencesedit
^Toyoda, Tetsuya (2021), "A civilizational pluralist and inegalitarian: Mineichiro Adachi (1869–1934)", The League of Nations and the Development of International Law, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781003020882-4/civilizational-pluralist-inegalitarian-tetsuya-toyoda, ISBN978-1-003-02088-2
^Akami, Tomoko (2019). "Divide and Then Preside: the Dilemma of the First Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Age of Empires: a Review Essay on Yanagihara Masaharu and Shinohara Hatsue Eds, Adachi Mineichirō (2017)". Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international. 21 (3): 421–442. doi:10.1163/15718050-12340121. ISSN 1388-199X.
^Lloyd Griscom (US Minister Plenipotentiary to Tokyo) to Secretary of State, July 7, 1905, in Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 5, 1905, p. 817
^Permanent Court of International Justice, Seventh Annual Report, pp. 21-22
^Permanent Court of International Justice, Eleventh Annual Report, pp. 16-17
^Mineichirō Adachi, Peace Palace, The Hague, 1931, at YouTube.
^"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
^Permanent Court of International Justice, Customs Regime between Germany and Austria (Leiden, 1931) pp. 74-87: Dissenting Opinion of Adachi, Kellogg, Baron Rolin-Jaeqemyns, Sir Cecil Hurst, Schücking, Jonkheer van Eysinga and Wang
mineichirō, adachi, 安達, 峰一郎, adachi, mineichirō, july, 1869, december, 1934, japanese, legal, expert, president, permanent, court, international, justice, hague, from, 1931, until, 1934, 1931, autochrome, portrait, georges, chevalier, 1929, contents, early, li. Mineichirō Adachi 安達 峰一郎 Adachi Mineichirō July 29 1869 December 28 1934 was a Japanese legal expert and President of the Permanent Court of International Justice at the Hague from 1931 until 1934 1 2 Mineichirō Adachi 1931 Autochrome portrait by Georges Chevalier 1929 Contents 1 Early life 2 Legal and diplomatic work 3 Works partial list 4 References 5 External linksEarly life editAdachi was born in what is now the town of Yamanobe Yamagata Japan In 1892 he graduated from the law school of Tokyo University and began his legal and diplomatic career Legal and diplomatic work editIn 1892 1893 he lectured on law at Tokyo University In 1893 he was appointed Charge d affaires of the Japanese Legation in Rome and served in that position until 1896 From 1899 to 1902 he served as Charge d affaires of the Japanese Legation in Paris In 1903 1904 he served as Counsellor to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and also taught international law and diplomatic history at Tokyo University In 1904 1905 he sat as judge at the Sasebo and Yokosuka Prize Courts In 1905 he was a member of the Japanese delegation that negotiated in Portsmouth the peace treaty ending the Russo Japanese War 3 In 1907 1910 he served again as Charge d affaires at the Japanese Legation in Paris and in 1912 1915 served as Japanese Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico In 1915 1916 he took part in a Japanese Red Cross mission in Russia then suffering from ravages of the First World War In 1917 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Belgium and in that capacity participated in the Japanese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 During that conference he also served as member of the Commission of Responsibilities which recommended prosecuting German leaders accused of war crimes From 1920 to 1927 he served as Ambassador to Belgium and in 1927 1930 he was Ambassador to France 4 On September 25 1930 he was elected to serve as judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice On January 16 1931 he was elected President of the same court a position he held until January 1 1934 shortly prior to his death 5 6 He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1932 7 He died Amsterdam Netherlands on December 28 1934 During his tenure as President of the court most of Adachi s rulings were in line with the majority opinions of the court except for his ruling in September 1931 regarding the proposed Customs Union between Germany and Austria As the majority opinion viewed that step as contravening the obligations of the German and Austrian governments not to compromise their own independence Adachi claimed in his separate opinion that Restrictions on its liberty of action which a State may agree to do not affect its independence provided that the State does not thereby deprive itself of its organic powers His argument was that the proposed economic union did not compromise Austria s independence just as membership in the League of Nations did not constitute a violation of that independence despite the practical restrictions it imposed on each one of its member states 8 source source source source source source Funeral of Adachi Mineichirō on January 3 1935 in The Hague The news film shows the funeral procession which starts at the Peace Palace and ends at the Cemetery at Kerkhoflaan street name in The Hague Works partial list editLe Japon et le Traites Internationaux 1927 References edit Toyoda Tetsuya 2021 A civilizational pluralist and inegalitarian Mineichiro Adachi 1869 1934 The League of Nations and the Development of International Law Routledge doi 10 4324 9781003020882 4 civilizational pluralist inegalitarian tetsuya toyoda ISBN 978 1 003 02088 2 Akami Tomoko 2019 Divide and Then Preside the Dilemma of the First Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Age of Empires a Review Essay on Yanagihara Masaharu and Shinohara Hatsue Eds Adachi Mineichirō 2017 Journal of the History of International Law Revue d histoire du droit international 21 3 421 442 doi 10 1163 15718050 12340121 ISSN 1388 199X Lloyd Griscom US Minister Plenipotentiary to Tokyo to Secretary of State July 7 1905 in Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 5 1905 p 817 Permanent Court of International Justice Seventh Annual Report pp 21 22 Permanent Court of International Justice Eleventh Annual Report pp 16 17 Mineichirō Adachi Peace Palace The Hague 1931 at YouTube Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter A PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 1 April 2011 Permanent Court of International Justice Customs Regime between Germany and Austria Leiden 1931 pp 74 87 Dissenting Opinion of Adachi Kellogg Baron Rolin Jaeqemyns Sir Cecil Hurst Schucking Jonkheer van Eysinga and WangExternal links editNewspaper clippings about Mineichirō Adachi in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mineichirō Adachi amp oldid 1210234126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
