Military advisors or combat advisors are militarypersonnel deployed to advise on military matters. The term is often used for soldiers sent to foreign countries[1] to aid such countries' militaries with their military education and training, organization, and other various military tasks. The foreign powers or organizations may send such soldiers to support countries or insurgencies while minimizing the risks of potential casualties and avoiding the political ramifications of overtly mobilizing military forces to aid an ally.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020)
The Soviet Union deployed military advisors in (for example) Spain, China and Angola, where "The 1976 treaty of friendship and cooperation provided for Soviet-Angolan military cooperation in strengthening the mutual defense capacity. Moscow immediately provided weaponry and supplies, and some 500 military advisors."[2]
In China, the "Soviet Union ..sent about 1500 military advisors ..during this period [1937-39]. Included were some of the red Army's best officers [...] Georgii Zhukov [...] Vasilii I. Chuikov [...] P.F. Batitsky [...] Andrey A. Vlasov [...]. Like Spain, China served as a training ground for Soviet officers."[3]
United Kingdom military advisors
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020)
T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") became arguably the archetypal British military advisor due to his guerrilla role (1916–1918) in the Arab Revolt.[4]
United States military advisors
Developing capabilities and increasing capacity through advising is an operation the U.S. Army has conducted for more than one hundred years. The Army has performed advisory missions to increase the capability and capacity of foreign militaries from the Philippine Insurrection at the beginning of the 20th century to more recent conflicts in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan.[5]
ETTs and MTTs are composed primarily of United States Army, National Guard, and Marine Corps personnel with a combat-arms background. United States Army Reserve, United States Air Force and United States Navy personnel serve as advisors in logistics and other support roles. The advisors on the ground in infantry or commando units of the ANA (Afghan National Army) or the Iraqi Army are soldiers or Marines with combat-arms experience. Special Forces and Navy SEALS also work with ANA/ASF or with the Iraqi Army, but the bulk of combat advisors are infantry and combat-arms soldiers and Marines.
The Combat Advisor Mission Defined. The combat advisor mission requires US officers and NCOs to teach, coach and mentor host nation (HN) security force counterparts. This enables the rapid development of our counterparts' leadership capabilities; helps develop command and control (C2) and operational capabilities at every echelon; allows direct access to Coalition Forces (CF) enablers to enhance HN security force counterinsurgency (COIN) operations; and incorporates CF lethal and nonlethal effects on the battlefield.[7]
Security Forces Assistance (SFA) defines a more in-depth method of embedded mentorship. MTTs have fallen[when?] into disuse with shifts in focus and doctrine. Specifically, previous MTTs were drawn from soldiers from separate units, often on an ad hoc basis. SFATs, on the other hand, provide all personnel from organic, modular Brigade Combat Teams rather than supplying personnel piece-meal from various Army units. By design, these teams are manned by a company command team and selected leaders from one command. This SFAT concept has been in place since 2012, with a "by, with and through" method of combat advising. Current Advisory Teams are trained at Fort Polk, Louisiana at the Advisor Academy, "Tigerland".[8]
^ But note too domestic military advisors - for example: McAteer, Sean M. (2009). 500 Days: The War in Eastern Europe, 1944-1945. Dorrance Publishing. p. 51. ISBN9781434961594. Retrieved 2014-01-15. By June 22nd, 1941, Zhukov was probably Stalin's most trusted military advisor. Compare: Sandler, Stanley, ed. (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. Warfare Series. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 127. ISBN9781576073445. Retrieved 2014-01-15. Brusilov next served as the provisional government's military advisor (February–May 1917) [...] He did act as Red Army chief adviser against Poland (1920) [...].
^Mott, William H. (2001). Soviet Military Assistance: An Empirical Perspective. Contributions in military studies, ISSN 0883-6884. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 155. ISBN9780313310225.
^Garver, John W. (1988). "The Sino-Soviet Alliance of 1937-1939". Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937-1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 40. ISBN9780195363746. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
^Sullivan, Michael D. (September–October 2007). "Leadership in Counterinsurgency: A Tale of Two Leaders". Military Review. Vol. 87. United States Army Command and General Staff College. p. 120. ISSN 0026-4148. Retrieved 11 September 2020. [Lawrence] discusses the troubles, motivations, and strengths of an Arab insurgency, as well as the challenges he faced as military advisor.
^Jaworski, Pace. "Conventional Advising: A Tactical Leader's Assessment of a Strategic Initiative" (PDF). The Cavalry & Armor Journal, JAN 2013. US Army Maneuver Center of Excellence. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
^. Archived from the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2014-01-30.
^Scott, Cory N. (2008). "Preparing Air Defenders for the Combat Advisor Mission" (PDF).
^Jaworski, Pace. "Conventional Advising: A Tactical Leader's Assessment of a Strategic Initiative" (PDF). The Cavalry & Armor Journal, JAN 2013. US Army Maneuver Center of Excellence. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
January 26, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Military advisor news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Military advisors or combat advisors are military personnel deployed to advise on military matters The term is often used for soldiers sent to foreign countries 1 to aid such countries militaries with their military education and training organization and other various military tasks The foreign powers or organizations may send such soldiers to support countries or insurgencies while minimizing the risks of potential casualties and avoiding the political ramifications of overtly mobilizing military forces to aid an ally An Australian Army soldier instructing an Iraqi Ground Forces soldier at Camp Taji during the War in Iraq 2016 Contents 1 European advisors during the American Revolution 2 Soviet military advisors 3 United Kingdom military advisors 4 United States military advisors 4 1 U S advisors in Vietnam 4 2 U S advisors during the War on Terror 5 See also 6 ReferencesEuropean advisors during the American Revolution EditThe French Marquis de Lafayette and the Prussian Baron von Steuben offered key assistance to the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War of 1775 1783 Soviet military advisors EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 The Soviet Union deployed military advisors in for example Spain China and Angola where The 1976 treaty of friendship and cooperation provided for Soviet Angolan military cooperation in strengthening the mutual defense capacity Moscow immediately provided weaponry and supplies and some 500 military advisors 2 In China the Soviet Union sent about 1500 military advisors during this period 1937 39 Included were some of the red Army s best officers Georgii Zhukov Vasilii I Chuikov P F Batitsky Andrey A Vlasov Like Spain China served as a training ground for Soviet officers 3 United Kingdom military advisors EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 T E Lawrence Lawrence of Arabia became arguably the archetypal British military advisor due to his guerrilla role 1916 1918 in the Arab Revolt 4 United States military advisors EditDeveloping capabilities and increasing capacity through advising is an operation the U S Army has conducted for more than one hundred years The Army has performed advisory missions to increase the capability and capacity of foreign militaries from the Philippine Insurrection at the beginning of the 20th century to more recent conflicts in Vietnam Iraq and Afghanistan 5 U S advisors in Vietnam Edit A U S Army Special Forces advisor instructing a Vietnamese Civilian Irregular Defense Group trainee on operating an M79 grenade launcher during the Vietnam War 1967 In the early 1960s elements of the U S Army Special Forces and Echo 31 went to South Vietnam as military advisors to train and assist the South Vietnamese Army ARVN for impending actions against the North Vietnamese People s Army of Vietnam PAVN United States Marines also filled a significant role as advisors to Vietnamese forces 6 U S advisors during the War on Terror Edit Combat advisors served during the U S war on terror They were designated by whom as Embedded Training Teams ETTs in Afghanistan and as Military Transition Teams MTTs in Iraq These soldiers and Marines live with their Afghan and Iraqi counterparts often in very austere and stoic clarification needed conditions in remote combat outposts often a great distance away from any U S or coalition support ETTs and MTTs are composed primarily of United States Army National Guard and Marine Corps personnel with a combat arms background United States Army Reserve United States Air Force and United States Navy personnel serve as advisors in logistics and other support roles The advisors on the ground in infantry or commando units of the ANA Afghan National Army or the Iraqi Army are soldiers or Marines with combat arms experience Special Forces and Navy SEALS also work with ANA ASF or with the Iraqi Army but the bulk of combat advisors are infantry and combat arms soldiers and Marines The Combat Advisor Mission Defined The combat advisor mission requires US officers and NCOs to teach coach and mentor host nation HN security force counterparts This enables the rapid development of our counterparts leadership capabilities helps develop command and control C2 and operational capabilities at every echelon allows direct access to Coalition Forces CF enablers to enhance HN security force counterinsurgency COIN operations and incorporates CF lethal and nonlethal effects on the battlefield 7 Security Forces Assistance SFA defines a more in depth method of embedded mentorship MTTs have fallen when into disuse with shifts in focus and doctrine Specifically previous MTTs were drawn from soldiers from separate units often on an ad hoc basis SFATs on the other hand provide all personnel from organic modular Brigade Combat Teams rather than supplying personnel piece meal from various Army units By design these teams are manned by a company command team and selected leaders from one command This SFAT concept has been in place since 2012 with a by with and through method of combat advising Current Advisory Teams are trained at Fort Polk Louisiana at the Advisor Academy Tigerland 8 See also EditForeign Internal Defense Embedded Training Team Military Transition Team Military Assistance Command Vietnam Chinh Hunnicutt affair Prince Rupert of the Rhine 1619 1682 Tadeusz Kosciuszko 1746 1817 Jean Victor Marie Moreau 1763 1813 Charles Francois Dumouriez 1739 1823 Giuseppe Garibaldi 1807 1882 Dmitry Pavlov 1897 1941 Cuban intervention in Angola 1975 1991 Nicaraguan Revolution 1978 1990 Salvadoran Civil War 1979 1992 United States invasion of Grenada 1983 Group of Belarusian military specialists in Venezuela 2008 2013 References Edit But note too domestic military advisors for example McAteer Sean M 2009 500 Days The War in Eastern Europe 1944 1945 Dorrance Publishing p 51 ISBN 9781434961594 Retrieved 2014 01 15 By June 22nd 1941 Zhukov was probably Stalin s most trusted military advisor Compare Sandler Stanley ed 2002 Ground Warfare An International Encyclopedia Warfare Series Vol 1 ABC CLIO p 127 ISBN 9781576073445 Retrieved 2014 01 15 Brusilov next served as the provisional government s military advisor February May 1917 He did act as Red Army chief adviser against Poland 1920 Mott William H 2001 Soviet Military Assistance An Empirical Perspective Contributions in military studies ISSN 0883 6884 Westport Connecticut Greenwood Press p 155 ISBN 9780313310225 Garver John W 1988 The Sino Soviet Alliance of 1937 1939 Chinese Soviet Relations 1937 1945 The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism New York Oxford University Press p 40 ISBN 9780195363746 Retrieved 11 September 2020 Sullivan Michael D September October 2007 Leadership in Counterinsurgency A Tale of Two Leaders Military Review Vol 87 United States Army Command and General Staff College p 120 ISSN 0026 4148 Retrieved 11 September 2020 Lawrence discusses the troubles motivations and strengths of an Arab insurgency as well as the challenges he faced as military advisor Jaworski Pace Conventional Advising A Tactical Leader s Assessment of a Strategic Initiative PDF The Cavalry amp Armor Journal JAN 2013 US Army Maneuver Center of Excellence Retrieved 25 October 2016 United States Marine Corps Advisor s Association Archived from the original on 2014 01 18 Retrieved 2014 01 30 Scott Cory N 2008 Preparing Air Defenders for the Combat Advisor Mission PDF Jaworski Pace Conventional Advising A Tactical Leader s Assessment of a Strategic Initiative PDF The Cavalry amp Armor Journal JAN 2013 US Army Maneuver Center of Excellence Retrieved 25 October 2016 Retrieved from 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