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Michael Houghton

January 01, 1970

For other people named Michael Houghton, see Michael Houghton (disambiguation).

Sir Michael Houghton (born 1949) is a British scientist and Nobel Prize laureate. Along with Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo and Daniel W. Bradley, he co-discovered Hepatitis C in 1989.[1] He also co-discovered the Hepatitis D genome in 1986.[2] The discovery of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) led to the rapid development of diagnostic reagents to detect HCV in blood supplies, which has reduced the risk of acquiring HCV through blood transfusion from one in three to about one in two million.[3][4] It is estimated that antibody testing has prevented at least 40,000 new infections per year in the US alone and many more worldwide.[5]

Sir
Michael Houghton
Houghton in 2017
Born1949 (age 74–75)
Alma materUniversity of East Anglia (BSc)
King's College London (PhD)
Known forHepatitis C
Hepatitis D
AwardsKarl Landsteiner Memorial Award (1992)
Robert Koch Prize (1993)
William Beaumont Prize (1994)
Lasker Award (2000)
Gairdner Foundation International Award (2013 – declined)
Nobel Prize for Medicine (2020)
Scientific career
FieldsMicrobiology
Virology
InstitutionsUniversity of Alberta
Chiron Corporation
ThesisRNA Polymerases and Transcription in the Chicken Oviduct (1977)
Doctoral advisorJames Chesterton
Websiteapps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/mhoughto

Houghton is currently Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology and Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology at the University of Alberta, where he is also director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute.[6] He was the co-recipient of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice.[7][8]

Early life and education edit

Born in the United Kingdom in 1949, his father was a truck driver and union official.[5] He was educated at Alleyn's School.[9] At the age of 17 he became inspired to become a microbiologist after reading about Louis Pasteur.[10][11] Houghton won a scholarship to study at the University of East Anglia, graduating with a lower second class honours degree in biological sciences in 1972,[12] and subsequently completed his PhD degree in biochemistry at King's College London in 1977.[5][13]

Career edit

 
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020: Seminal experiments by HJ Alter, M Houghton and CM Rice leading to the discovery of HCV as the causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Houghton joined G. D. Searle & Company before moving to Chiron Corporation in 1982. It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues Qui-Lim Choo and George Kuo, and Daniel W. Bradley from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, first discovered evidence for HCV.[14]

Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood, particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease, including those who had received blood transfusions.[15][16][17][18] This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990; widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada.[19][20] In other studies published during the same period, Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer.[21][22][23]

In 2013, Houghton's team at the University of Alberta showed that a vaccine derived from a single strain of Hepatitis C was effective against all strains of the virus.[24][25] As of 2020, the vaccine was in pre-clinical trials.[26]

Honours and awards edit

References edit

  1. ^ Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M (April 1989). "Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome". Science. 244 (4902): 359–62. Bibcode:1989Sci...244..359C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.469.3592. doi:10.1126/science.2523562. PMID 2523562.
  2. ^ Wang, KS; Choo, QL; Weiner, AJ; Ou, JH; Najarian, RC; Thayer, RM; Mullenbach, GT; Denniston, KJ; Gerin, JL; Houghton, M (9 October 1986). "Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome". Nature. 323 (6088): 508–14. Bibcode:1986Natur.323..508W. doi:10.1038/323508a0. PMID 3762705. S2CID 4265339.
  3. ^ "Opinion: Nobel-worthy discovery right in our backyard". Canadian for Health Research. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  4. ^ Semeniuk, Ivan (20 March 2013). "Science world abuzz as virologist turns down Gairdner award". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  5. ^ a b c Thompson, Gilbert (2014). Pioneers of Medicine Without a Nobel Prize. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-78326-386-8.
  6. ^ "MMI Faculty – Michael Houghton, PhD". Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  8. ^ Wu, Katherine J.; Victor, Daniel (5 October 2020). "Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded to Scientists Who Discovered Hepatitis C Virus – Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice were jointly honored for their decisive contribution to the fight against blood-borne hepatitis, a major global health problem". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Congratulations to a Nobel Prize Laureate". Alleyn's School. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Michael Houghton, PhD". Canadians for Health Research. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  11. ^ "Eureka moments in research". Alberta Innovates: Health Solutions. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  12. ^ "Nobelist: keep faith, because Covid vaccine is just round corner". Times Higher Education. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  13. ^ Boyer, J.L; Blum, H.E; Maier, K.P; Sauerbruch, T.; Stalder, G.A (31 March 2001). Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development – Google Books. ISBN 978-0-7923-8760-2. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  14. ^ Houghton, M (2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus". J. Hepatol. 51 (5): 939–948. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004. PMID 19781804.
  15. ^ Kuo, G; Choo, Q-L; Alter, HJ; Gitnick, GI; Redeker, AG; Purcell, RH; Miyamura, T; Dienstag, JL; Alter, MJ; Stevens, CE; Tegtmeier, GE; Bonino, F; Colombo, M; Lee, W-S; Kuo, C; Berger, K; Shuster, JR; Overby, LR; Bradley, DW; Houghton, M (1989). "An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis". Science. 244 (4902): 362–364. Bibcode:1989Sci...244..362K. doi:10.1126/science.2496467. PMID 2496467.
  16. ^ Esteban, JI; Viladomiu, L; Bonzalez, A; Roget, M; Genesca, J; Guardia, J; Esteban, R; Lopez-Talavera, JC; Hernandez, JM; Vargas, V; Buti, M; Kuo, G; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M (1989). "Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain". Lancet. 334 (8658): 294–297. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90485-6. PMID 2569102. S2CID 23825621.
  17. ^ Van Der Poel, CL; Ressink, HW; Lelie, PN; Leentvaar-Kuypers, A; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G; Houghton, M (1989). "Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands". Lancet. 334 (8658): 297–298. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90486-8. PMID 2569103. S2CID 25211687.
  18. ^ Alter, HJ; Purcell, RH; Shih, JW; Melpolder, JC; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 321 (22): 1494–1500. doi:10.1056/nejm198911303212202. PMID 2509915.
  19. ^ Cha, T-A; Kolberg, J; Irvine, B; Stempien, M; Beall, E; Yano, M; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M; Kuo, G; Han, JH; Urdea, MS (1991). "Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma". J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 (11): 2528–2534. doi:10.1128/JCM.29.11.2528-2534.1991. PMC 270367. PMID 1663510.
  20. ^ Bresters, D; Cuypers, HT; Reesink, HW; Schaasberg, WP; van der Poel, CL; Mauser-Bunschoten, EP; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G; Lesniewski, R; Troonen, H; Lelie, PN (1992). "Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus". Vox Sang. 62 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01201.x. PMID 1379394. S2CID 20178902.
  21. ^ Hasan, F; Jeffers, L; de Medina, M; Reddy, R; Parker, T; Schiff, E; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G (1989). "Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 10 (4): 589–91. doi:10.1002/hep.1840100432. PMID 2169456.
  22. ^ De Bisceglie, AM; Alter, H; Kuo, G; Houghton, M; Hoofnagle, JH (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases". Hepatology. 10 (4): 581. doi:10.1002/hep.1840100432.
  23. ^ Saito, I; Miyamura, T; Ohbayashi, A; Harada, H; Katayama, T; Kikuchi, S; Watanabe, Y; Koi, S; Onji, M; Ohta, Y; Choo, Q-L; Houghton, M; Kuo, G (1990). "Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87 (17): 6547–6549. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.6547S. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6547. PMC 54573. PMID 2168552.
  24. ^ Law, JL; Chen, C; Wong, J; Hockman, D; Santer, DM; Frey, SE; Belshe, RB; Wakita, T; Bukh, J; Jones, CT; Rice, CM; Abrignani, S; Tyrrell, DL; Houghton, M. (19 March 2013). "A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e59776. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859776L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059776. PMC 3602185. PMID 23527266.
  25. ^ Houghton, M; Law, J; Tyrrell, DL (2013). "An inactivated hepatitis C virus vaccine on the horizon?". Gastroenterology. 145 (2): 285–288. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.029. PMID 23806539.
  26. ^ "University of Alberta virologist awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  27. ^ Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award 1992
  28. ^ Robert Koch Prize 1993
  29. ^ William Beaumont Prize 1994
  30. ^ Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award 2000
  31. ^ "List of Past AABB Award Recipients". aabb.org. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  32. ^ "The William H. Prusoff HEP DART Lifetime Achievement Award". from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  33. ^ . 22 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  34. ^ Boesveld, Sarah (20 March 2013). "Edmonton scientist turns down $100,000 'baby Nobel' because it shut out colleagues". Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  35. ^ "A Titanic actor, climate change trailblazer and banking boss: Meet UEA's newest honorary graduates". Eastern Daily Press. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  36. ^ "No. 63377". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 2021. p. B2.

External links edit

 
Scholia has a profile for Michael Houghton (Q1927895).
  • Michael Houghton on Nobelprize.org  

January 01, 1970
michael, houghton, other, people, named, disambiguation, born, 1949, british, scientist, nobel, prize, laureate, along, with, choo, george, daniel, bradley, discovered, hepatitis, 1989, also, discovered, hepatitis, genome, 1986, discovery, hepatitis, virus, ra. For other people named Michael Houghton see Michael Houghton disambiguation Sir Michael Houghton born 1949 is a British scientist and Nobel Prize laureate Along with Qui Lim Choo George Kuo and Daniel W Bradley he co discovered Hepatitis C in 1989 1 He also co discovered the Hepatitis D genome in 1986 2 The discovery of the Hepatitis C virus HCV led to the rapid development of diagnostic reagents to detect HCV in blood supplies which has reduced the risk of acquiring HCV through blood transfusion from one in three to about one in two million 3 4 It is estimated that antibody testing has prevented at least 40 000 new infections per year in the US alone and many more worldwide 5 SirMichael HoughtonHoughton in 2017Born1949 age 74 75 Alma materUniversity of East Anglia BSc King s College London PhD Known forHepatitis CHepatitis DAwardsKarl Landsteiner Memorial Award 1992 Robert Koch Prize 1993 William Beaumont Prize 1994 Lasker Award 2000 Gairdner Foundation International Award 2013 declined Nobel Prize for Medicine 2020 Scientific careerFieldsMicrobiologyVirologyInstitutionsUniversity of AlbertaChiron CorporationThesisRNA Polymerases and Transcription in the Chicken Oviduct 1977 Doctoral advisorJames ChestertonWebsiteapps wbr ualberta wbr ca wbr directory wbr person wbr mhoughto Houghton is currently Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology and Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology at the University of Alberta where he is also director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute 6 He was the co recipient of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Harvey J Alter and Charles M Rice 7 8 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Honours and awards 4 References 5 External linksEarly life and education editBorn in the United Kingdom in 1949 his father was a truck driver and union official 5 He was educated at Alleyn s School 9 At the age of 17 he became inspired to become a microbiologist after reading about Louis Pasteur 10 11 Houghton won a scholarship to study at the University of East Anglia graduating with a lower second class honours degree in biological sciences in 1972 12 and subsequently completed his PhD degree in biochemistry at King s College London in 1977 5 13 Career edit nbsp Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 Seminal experiments by HJ Alter M Houghton and CM Rice leading to the discovery of HCV as the causative agent of non A non B hepatitis Houghton joined G D Searle amp Company before moving to Chiron Corporation in 1982 It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues Qui Lim Choo and George Kuo and Daniel W Bradley from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first discovered evidence for HCV 14 Houghton was co author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease including those who had received blood transfusions 15 16 17 18 This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990 widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada 19 20 In other studies published during the same period Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer 21 22 23 In 2013 Houghton s team at the University of Alberta showed that a vaccine derived from a single strain of Hepatitis C was effective against all strains of the virus 24 25 As of 2020 update the vaccine was in pre clinical trials 26 Honours and awards edit1992 Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award 27 1993 Robert Koch Prize 28 1994 William Beaumont Prize 29 2000 Lasker Award 30 2005 Dale A Smith Memorial Award 31 2009 Hepdart Lifetime Achievement Award 32 2013 He became the first person to decline the 100 000 Gairdner Foundation International Award stating I felt that it would be unfair of me to accept this award without the inclusion of two colleagues Dr Qui Lim Choo and Dr George Kuo 33 34 2019 Honorary doctorate of science from the University of East Anglia 35 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 7 2021 Knighted in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to medicine 36 References edit Choo QL Kuo G Weiner AJ Overby LR Bradley DW Houghton M April 1989 Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood borne non A non B viral hepatitis genome Science 244 4902 359 62 Bibcode 1989Sci 244 359C CiteSeerX 10 1 1 469 3592 doi 10 1126 science 2523562 PMID 2523562 Wang KS Choo QL Weiner AJ Ou JH Najarian RC Thayer RM Mullenbach GT Denniston KJ Gerin JL Houghton M 9 October 1986 Structure sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta delta viral genome Nature 323 6088 508 14 Bibcode 1986Natur 323 508W doi 10 1038 323508a0 PMID 3762705 S2CID 4265339 Opinion Nobel worthy discovery right in our backyard Canadian for Health Research Retrieved 4 September 2016 Semeniuk Ivan 20 March 2013 Science world abuzz as virologist turns down Gairdner award The Globe and Mail Retrieved 10 September 2016 a b c Thompson Gilbert 2014 Pioneers of Medicine Without a Nobel Prize p 209 ISBN 978 1 78326 386 8 MMI Faculty Michael Houghton PhD Retrieved 13 January 2014 a b Press release The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 Nobel Foundation Retrieved 5 October 2020 Wu Katherine J Victor Daniel 5 October 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded to Scientists Who Discovered Hepatitis C Virus Harvey J Alter Michael Houghton and Charles M Rice were jointly honored for their decisive contribution to the fight against blood borne hepatitis a major global health problem The New York Times Retrieved 6 October 2020 Congratulations to a Nobel Prize Laureate Alleyn s School Retrieved 14 April 2021 Michael Houghton PhD Canadians for Health Research Retrieved 8 October 2016 Eureka moments in research Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Retrieved 8 October 2016 Nobelist keep faith because Covid vaccine is just round corner Times Higher Education 21 October 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Boyer J L Blum H E Maier K P Sauerbruch T Stalder G A 31 March 2001 Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development Google Books ISBN 978 0 7923 8760 2 Retrieved 12 January 2014 Houghton M 2009 The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus J Hepatol 51 5 939 948 doi 10 1016 j jhep 2009 08 004 PMID 19781804 Kuo G Choo Q L Alter HJ Gitnick GI Redeker AG Purcell RH Miyamura T Dienstag JL Alter MJ Stevens CE Tegtmeier GE Bonino F Colombo M Lee W S Kuo C Berger K Shuster JR Overby LR Bradley DW Houghton M 1989 An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non A non B hepatitis Science 244 4902 362 364 Bibcode 1989Sci 244 362K doi 10 1126 science 2496467 PMID 2496467 Esteban JI Viladomiu L Bonzalez A Roget M Genesca J Guardia J Esteban R Lopez Talavera JC Hernandez JM Vargas V Buti M Kuo G Choo Q L Houghton M 1989 Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain Lancet 334 8658 294 297 doi 10 1016 s0140 6736 89 90485 6 PMID 2569102 S2CID 23825621 Van Der Poel CL Ressink HW Lelie PN Leentvaar Kuypers A Choo Q L Kuo G Houghton M 1989 Anti hepatitis C antibodies and non A non B post transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands Lancet 334 8658 297 298 doi 10 1016 s0140 6736 89 90486 8 PMID 2569103 S2CID 25211687 Alter HJ Purcell RH Shih JW Melpolder JC Houghton M Choo Q L Kuo G 1989 Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non A non B hepatitis N Engl J Med 321 22 1494 1500 doi 10 1056 nejm198911303212202 PMID 2509915 Cha T A Kolberg J Irvine B Stempien M Beall E Yano M Choo Q L Houghton M Kuo G Han JH Urdea MS 1991 Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma J Clin Microbiol 29 11 2528 2534 doi 10 1128 JCM 29 11 2528 2534 1991 PMC 270367 PMID 1663510 Bresters D Cuypers HT Reesink HW Schaasberg WP van der Poel CL Mauser Bunschoten EP Houghton M Choo Q L Kuo G Lesniewski R Troonen H Lelie PN 1992 Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus Vox Sang 62 4 213 217 doi 10 1111 j 1423 0410 1992 tb01201 x PMID 1379394 S2CID 20178902 Hasan F Jeffers L de Medina M Reddy R Parker T Schiff E Houghton M Choo Q L Kuo G 1989 Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatology 10 4 589 91 doi 10 1002 hep 1840100432 PMID 2169456 De Bisceglie AM Alter H Kuo G Houghton M Hoofnagle JH 1989 Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases Hepatology 10 4 581 doi 10 1002 hep 1840100432 Saito I Miyamura T Ohbayashi A Harada H Katayama T Kikuchi S Watanabe Y Koi S Onji M Ohta Y Choo Q L Houghton M Kuo G 1990 Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 17 6547 6549 Bibcode 1990PNAS 87 6547S doi 10 1073 pnas 87 17 6547 PMC 54573 PMID 2168552 Law JL Chen C Wong J Hockman D Santer DM Frey SE Belshe RB Wakita T Bukh J Jones CT Rice CM Abrignani S Tyrrell DL Houghton M 19 March 2013 A hepatitis C virus HCV vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1 gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans PLOS ONE 8 3 e59776 Bibcode 2013PLoSO 859776L doi 10 1371 journal pone 0059776 PMC 3602185 PMID 23527266 Houghton M Law J Tyrrell DL 2013 An inactivated hepatitis C virus vaccine on the horizon Gastroenterology 145 2 285 288 doi 10 1053 j gastro 2013 06 029 PMID 23806539 University of Alberta virologist awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine EurekAlert Retrieved 6 October 2020 Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award 1992 Robert Koch Prize 1993 William Beaumont Prize 1994 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award 2000 List of Past AABB Award Recipients aabb org Retrieved 6 October 2020 The William H Prusoff HEP DART Lifetime Achievement Award Archived from the original on 6 October 2020 Retrieved 6 October 2020 World renowned virologist named recipient of Gairdner Award 22 March 2013 Archived from the original on 12 January 2014 Retrieved 13 January 2014 Boesveld Sarah 20 March 2013 Edmonton scientist turns down 100 000 baby Nobel because it shut out colleagues Retrieved 13 January 2014 A Titanic actor climate change trailblazer and banking boss Meet UEA s newest honorary graduates Eastern Daily Press 11 June 2019 Retrieved 15 September 2020 No 63377 The London Gazette Supplement 12 June 2021 p B2 External links edit nbsp Scholia has a profile for Michael Houghton Q1927895 Michael Houghton on Nobelprize org nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Michael Houghton amp oldid 1219730743, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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