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Mi Tierra

Mi Tierra (My Homeland) is the third studio album by Cuban-American recording artist Gloria Estefan, released on June 22, 1993, by Epic Records. Produced by husband Emilio Estefan, it is a Spanish-language album and pays homage to her Cuban roots. The album features Cuban musical genres, including boleros, danzón and son music. Recorded at Crescent Moon Studios in Miami, Florida, Mi Tierra features notable Latin musicians such as Tito Puente, Arturo Sandoval, Cachao López, Chamin Correa and Paquito D'Rivera.

Mi Tierra
Studio album by
ReleasedJune 22, 1993 (1993-06-22)
Recorded1992–1993
StudioCrescent Moon Studios in Miami, Florida
Genre[1]
Length55:18
LanguageSpanish
LabelEpic
Producer
Gloria Estefan chronology
Greatest Hits
(1992)
Mi Tierra
(1993)
Christmas Through Your Eyes
(1993)
Singles from Mi Tierra
  1. "Mi Tierra"
    Released: June 1993
  2. "Con Los Años Que Me Quedan/If We Were Lovers"
    Released: August/September 1993
  3. "Tradición"
    Released: October 1993
  4. "¡Sí Señor!..."
    Released: October 1993
  5. "Montuno"
    Released: December 1993
  6. "Mi Buen Amor"
    Released: January 1994
  7. "Ayer"
    Released: May 1994

The album was an international success, selling over five million copies worldwide. In the United States it was the first record to reach number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, spending 58 weeks at #1 (longest running #1 album on the chart ever).[2] It also peaked at number twenty-seven on the Billboard 200 chart. Mi Tierra has sold over one million copies in the US and Spain. The album received favorable reviews from critics, who praised the album's production, songs and Estefan's vocals. Its success won the singer a Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album. Mi Tierra spawned seven singles: "Mi Tierra", "Con Los Años Que Me Quedan", "Tradición", "Montuno", "¡Sí Señor!...", "Mi Buen Amor" and "Ayer".

Background edit

Gloria Estefan had wanted to record a Spanish-language album reflecting her Cuban heritage since the beginning of her musical career.[3] Before recording in English, Estefan and her band performed at Latin nightclubs;[4] she also remembered her grandmother teaching her old Cuban songs. Music had an important role in Estefan's family; her paternal grandmother was a poet, and an uncle played the flute in a salsa band.[3] The singer's desire to record an album in Spanish was also influenced by her son, Nayib; she wanted him to recognize his Cuban heritage.[4]

Recording and production edit

Mi Tierra was produced by Estefan's husband, Emilio Estefan, and fellow Miami Sound Machine members Clay Ostwald and Jorge Casas.[5] It features notable Latin musicians, including Nestor Torres, Cachao López, Paquito Hechavarría, Chamin Correa, Paquito D'Rivera, Arturo Sandoval, Luis Enrique and Tito Puente.[6] Additional performers include Sheila E. and the London Symphony Orchestra.[6][7] The album was recorded at Crescent Moon Studios in Miami, Florida.[8] Celia Cruz was invited to perform, but was unable to do so because of her touring schedule.[3] The album's cover features Estefan in a black-and-white photo at a Havana nightclub before the Cuban Revolution.[9]

Musical style and songs edit

The opening track on the album, "Con los Años Que Me Quedan" ("With the Years I Have Left"), is a Cuban bolero song. Three other bolero tracks on Mi Tierra are "Mi Buen Amor" ("My True Love"), "Volverás" ("You'll Be Back"), and "Hablas de Mí" ("You're Talking About Me").[5][10] The title track details the passion of Estefan's homeland in a salsa arrangement.[5] In "Ayer" ("Yesterday") the singer finds a flower given to her by a lover and yearns for him to return, since life is short. Its music combines bolero and son music.[11] "No Hay Mal Que Por Bien No Venga" ("Out of All Bad, Some Good Things Come") is a danzón recalling a brief love affair.[5]

"¡Sí Señor" ("Yes Sir!") is another son track featured on the album.[6] The bolero "Volverás" was later covered by Mexican recording artist Alejandro Fernández on his album Me Estoy Enamorando (1997), also produced by Emilio Estefan.[12] "Montuno" takes its name from the musical genre of the same name.[13] "Hablemos El Mismo Idioma" ("Let's Speak The Same Language") is an anthem, reaching out to other Spanish-speaking groups, telling them that since they speak the same language they should leave their differences behind.[14] The album closes with "Tradición" ("Traditional"), which is performed as a guaguancó.[5]

Critical reception edit

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic     [14]
Chicago Tribune    [15]
Entertainment Weekly(favorable)[16]
Music Week     [17]
Orlando Sentinel     [13]
Sun-Sentinel(favorable)[5]

Jose F. Promis of AllMusic awarded the album four stars out of five, calling it "one of [Estefan's] most satisfying."[14] Mi Tierra was "a breezy, sunny album with moments of melancholy," and "one of her most consistent albums to date."[14] Achy Obejas of the Chicago Tribune gave the album four out of four stars, praised it as "dispensing with the brash sound of more contemporary salsa" and lauded Emilio Estefan for the album's production.[15] Anne Hurley of Entertainment Weekly said that Mi Tierra "will whirl you through an intoxicating landscape of traditional Cuban rhythms and aromatic flavors," and applauded the guest musicians on the album.[16]

Parry Gettelman of the Orlando Sentinel gave Mi Tierra four out of five stars, commending the album as "uncompromising, offering up songs and arrangements firmly rooted in Cuban traditions."[13] He compared it to Estefan's earlier recordings with the Miami Sound Machine, including her musical style and songwriting: "She ditches the synths and employs the London Symphony Orchestra's strings to graceful effect...abandoning melodrama for real color and emotional shading."[13] John Lannert described Mi Tierra for the Sun-Sentinel as "Estefan's Latin 'unplugged' album" and her "most satisfying effort to date."[5]

Accolades edit

At the 36th Grammy Awards, Mi Tierra was the Best Tropical Latin Album.[18] At the 6th Lo Nuestro Awards Estefan received two awards in the tropical category, for Female Artist of the Year and Album of the Year.[19] The singer was Female Artist of the Year at the first Billboard Latin Music Awards, and Mi Tierra was Album of the Year in the tropical-salsa category.[7] At the 1994 Spanish Ondas Awards, Mi Tierra was the Best International Album and Estefan the Best International Artist. It was recognized as the best-selling Latin album of the year with a 1993–94 NARM Best Seller Award.[20] In 2015, Billboard listed Mi Tierra as one of the Essential Latin Albums of Past 50 Year stating that "Through son, she transports us to a magical place in the '50s where time stood still on her beloved island".[21]

Commercial performance edit

Album edit

In the United States, Mi Tierra peaked at number twenty-seven on the Billboard 200 chart.[22] It was the first number-one album on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, established when it was released.[23] The album spent a total of fifty-eight weeks atop the chart, until it was displaced by Selena's album Amor Prohibido the week of June 11, 1994.[24] It was more successful on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart, where it spent ninety-one weeks on top.[25] Mi Tierra debuted at number one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart the week of July 10, 1993, but it was removed from the chart following week since it did not meet its criteria.[26]

Mi Tierra ended 1994 as the best-selling Latin album of the year in the United States.[27] The album was certified 16× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America by Latin standards, for shipments of 1.6 million copies in the U.S.[28] As of October 2017, it sold 1,232,000 copies in the U.S., making it the sixth bestselling Latin album in the country.[29] According to Billboard, most purchasers did not speak Spanish.[30] In Latin America, the album was certified double platinum in Argentina and triple platinum in Mexico.[31][32] It sold over 30,000 copies in Chile.[33]

In Europe, Mi Tierra peaked at number fifty-nine in Germany,[34] number nine in the Netherlands,[35] number one in Spain,[36] number twenty-five in Switzerland and number eleven in the United Kingdom.[37] The album was certified 10× platinum in Spain (for shipping one million copies) and certified gold in Switzerland.[38][39] It also sold 200,000 in England.[40] Mi Tierra was the 60th-best-selling album of the 1990s,[41] and sold over five million copies worldwide (four million outside the U.S.).[40]

Singles edit

"Mi Tierra" was the first single released from the album. In the United States, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and number five on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.[42] In Europe, the song peaked at number seventy-seven on the Media Control charts in Germany, twenty-seventh on the Mega Single Top 100 chart in Netherlands and thirty-sixth on the UK Singles Chart.[43][44][45] The second single, "Con Los Años Que Me Quedan", also reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States.[46] An English version, "If We Were Lovers", was released as a single and peaked at number forty on the UK Singles Chart.[47] The third single, "Tradición", reached number one the Hot Dance Clubs chart in the United States.[48]

"Montuno" was the fourth single released from the album, peaking at number fifty-five on the UK Singles chart.[49] The fifth single, "¡Sí Señor!..." peaked at number forty-four on the Mega Single Top 100 chart in the Netherlands.[50] The sixth, "Mi Buen Amor", reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States.[51] The last single released from the album was "Ayer", which peaked at number five on the Hot Latin Songs chart.[52]

Track listing edit

  • Official translations provided by Allmusic and by Gloria Estefan on the Mi Tierra liner notes.[8][14]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Con Los Años Que Me Quedan (With the Years That I Have Left)"4:36
2."Mi Tierra (My Homeland)"
4:38
3."Ayer (Yesterday)"Juanito R. Marquez5:17
4."Mi Buen Amor (My True Love)"
  • Estefan
  • Estéfano
3:50
5."Tus Ojos (Your Eyes)"
  • Estefan, Jr.
  • Estéfano
4:11
6."No Hay Mal Que por Bien No Venga (Out of All Bad, Some Good Things Come)"
5:28
7."¡Sí Señor!... (Yes Sir, It's "My S-O-N")"Juanito R. Marquez4:40
8."Volverás (You'll Be Back)"
  • Estefan
  • Rafael Ferro
3:55
9."Montuno"Marquez4:57
10."Hablemos El Mismo Idioma (Let's Speak The Same Language)"
  • Estefan, Jr.
  • Estefan
4:45
11."Hablas de Mí (You're Talking About Me)"Jorge Luis Piloto3:40
12."Tradición (Tradition)"Gloria Estefan, Emilio Estefan, Jr.5:21

Personnel edit

Credits adapted from Allmusic and the Mi Tierra liner notes.[8][53]

Performers edit

  • Randy Barlow – arranger, trumpet, background vocals
  • Rafael "Felo" Barrio – timbales
  • Cachao – arranger, bajo sexto, bass guitar
  • Jorge Casas – arranger, bajo sexto, bass guitar, background vocals, twelve-string guitar, producer, très
  • Alejandro Correa, Alfredo Correa – background vocals
  • Chamin Correa – guitar, requinto, background vocals
  • Paquito D'Rivera – saxophone
  • Luis Enrique – bass guitar, percussion, timbales
  • Emilio Estefan Jr. – arranger, producer
  • Gloria Estefan – arranger, background vocals, lead vocals
  • Estéfano – arranger
  • Nelson González – bass guitar, percussion, très
  • Paquito Hechavarría – piano
  • Sebastian Krys
  • London Symphony Orchestra – strings
  • Juanito Márquez – guitar
  • Teddy Mulet – arranger, trombone, trumpet, background vocals
  • Alfredo Oliva – viola
  • Jorge Orbon, Robert Basso, Max Teppich, Alexander Prilutchi – violin
  • Clay Ostwald – arranger, piano, producer, timbales
  • Rafael Padilla – bass, percussion
  • Tito Puente – congas, timbales
  • Cheíto Quinonez – trumpet, background vocals
  • Serena Radaelli – estilista
  • Roberto Luis Rodriguez, Arturo Sandoval – trumpet
  • Jon Secada – background vocals
  • Sheila E. – congas, timbales
  • Jorge Sicre – cello
  • Debbie Spring – charango, cuerda, viola, violin
  • Néstor Torres – flute

Technical edit

  • Mike Couzzi – mixing
  • Nancy Donald – art direction
  • Charles Dye – engineer
  • Pablo Flores – mixing
  • Geoff Foster – assistant
  • Noel Harris – assistant
  • Mark Krieg – assistant
  • Patrice Wilkinson Levinsohn – engineer
  • Bob Ludwig – mastering
  • Frank Miret – engineer
  • Lance Phillips – assistant
  • Phil Ramone – mixing
  • Andrew Roshberg – assistant
  • Eric Schilling – engineer, mixing
  • Ron Taylor – engineer
  • Alberto Tolot – photography
  • Francesca Tolot – make-Up
  • Christine Wilson – design
  • Javier Vacas – assistant

Charts edit

Weekly charts edit

Certifications and sales edit

‹See Tfd›‹See Tfd›
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[31] 2× Platinum 120,000^
Chile 30,000[63]
Japan 11,650[64]
Mexico (AMPROFON)[32] 3× Platinum 1,000,000[65]
Netherlands (NVPI)[66] Platinum 100,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[39] 10× Platinum 1,000,000[40]
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[38] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom 200,000[67]
United States (RIAA)[28] 16× Platinum (Latin) 1,232,000[29]
Summaries
Worldwide 5,200,000[a]

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ According to Billboard magazine, Mi Tierra sold over 1,2 million copies in the US[29] and another 4 million in the rest of the world.[40]

References edit

  1. ^ Lannert, John (June 20, 1993). "Disc Satisfying, Convincing". Sun-Sentinel. Tribune Company. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "In Honor of Hispanic Heritage, Here Are The 20 Longest-Leading No. 1s on the Top Latin Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Lopetegui, Ernesto (June 22, 1993). "Q&A With Gloria Estefan : 'Mi Tierra': Paying Tribute to Her Roots". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Herrmann, Brenda (June 24, 1993). "'Mi Tierra' Gloria Estefan Draws Inspiration From The Heritage Of Her Cuban Roots". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Lannert, John (June 20, 1993). "Disc Satisfying, Convincing". Sun-Sentinel. Tribune Company. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c Morales, Ed (2003). The Latin Beat: The Rhythms And Roots Of Latin Music From Bossa Nova To Salsa And Beyond. De Capo. p. 153. ISBN 9780786730209. gloria estefan mi tierra luis enrique cachao.
  7. ^ a b Lannert, John (May 21, 1994). "First Latin Music Awards Recognize Range of Talent". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 32. Prometheus Global Media. p. LM-52. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c Mi Tierra (CD liner). Gloria Estefan. United States: Epic. 1993. EK 53807.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  9. ^ Shiner, Lo (July 22, 1993). "Gloria Estefan calls new album of Cuban music 'labor of love'". The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Journal Communications. p. 106. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  10. ^ Alberola, Rafael (2008). What a wonderful world (Qué mundo tan maravilloso) (in Spanish). Editorial Club Universitario. p. 53. ISBN 9788484546474.
  11. ^ Flórez, Mercedes (2006). Mujeres, espacio y poder (in Spanish). ArCiBel Editores. p. 237. ISBN 9788493450823.
  12. ^ "Me Estoy Enamorando — Overview". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d Gettelman, Peter (July 9, 1993). "Gloria Estefan". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Company. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  14. ^ a b c d e Promis, Jose. "Mi Tierra — Review". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  15. ^ a b Obejas, Achy (September 23, 1993). "Tempo Recordings". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  16. ^ a b Hurley, Anne (June 25, 1993). "Mi Tierra Review". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  17. ^ Jones, Alan (June 26, 1993). "Market Preview: Mainstream - Albums" (PDF). Music Week. p. 11. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  18. ^ "The 36th Annual Grammy Awards : And the Grammy Goes to . . . Winners According to Category". Los Angeles Times. March 2, 1994. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  19. ^ . Univision (in Spanish). Univision Communications. 1994. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
  20. ^ Llewellyn, Howard (April 9, 1994). "Estefan Tops 'Un Año De Rock'". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 15. Prometheus Global Media. pp. 42, 47. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  21. ^ "Latin Music: Essential Latin Albums of Past 50 Years". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
  22. ^ a b "Gloria Estefan Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  23. ^ Lannert, John (July 10, 1993). "Latin Notas". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. p. 26. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  24. ^ "Top Latin Albums  — Week of June 11, 1994". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. June 11, 1994. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  25. ^ "Tropical Albums  — Week of April 15, 1995". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. April 15, 1995. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  26. ^ "Latin Pop Albums  — Week of July 10, 1993". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. July 10, 1993. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  27. ^ a b c d "1994: The Year in Music". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 52. Prometheus Global Media. December 24, 1994. p. YE-77, 80. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  28. ^ a b "American album certifications – Gloria Estefan – Mi Tierra". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  29. ^ a b c Estevez, Marjua (October 17, 2017). . Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  30. ^ Cobo, Leila (July 28, 2007). "Gloria Gets Her Roots Back". Billboard. Vol. 119, no. 30. Prometheus Global Media. p. 23. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  31. ^ a b (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  32. ^ a b "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved April 5, 2011. Type Gloria Estefan in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Mi Tierra Combatir in the box under the TÍTULO column heading.
  33. ^ Lannert, John (December 10, 1994). "Record Biz Tries To Warm A Chilly Market". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 50. Prometheus Global Media. p. 70. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  34. ^ a b . Media Control Charts (in German). Phononet GmbH. July 8, 1993. Archived from the original on March 23, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  35. ^ a b "Dutchcharts.nl – Gloria Estefan – Mi Tierra" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  36. ^ a b "Hits of the World". Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 33. Prometheus Global Media. August 14, 1993. p. 40. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  37. ^ a b "Swisscharts.com – Gloria Estefan – Mi Tierra". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  38. ^ a b "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Mi Tierra')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
  39. ^ a b "Spanish album certifications" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved April 5, 2011. Select Álbumes under "Categoría", select 2004 under "Año". Select 23 under "Semana". Click on "BUSCAR LISTA".
  40. ^ a b c d Cobo, Leila (October 11, 2003). "Language nor a barrier for Estefan's albums". Billboard. Vol. 115, no. 41. Prometheus Global Media. p. 30. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
  41. ^ Dodd, Peter (2004). 100 best selling albums of the 90s. Amber Books. p. 13. ISBN 9781904687139.
  42. ^ "Mi Tierra — Gloria Estefan". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  43. ^ . Media Control (in German). PhonoNet GmbH. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  44. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl — Gloria Estefan — Mi Tierra" (in Dutch). Mega Single Top 100. Hung Medien / hitparade.ch. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  45. ^ "Archive Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  46. ^ "Con Los Años Que Me Queden — Gloria Estefan". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  47. ^ "Archive Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  48. ^ "Tradición — Gloria Estefan". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  49. ^ "The Official Charts Company;— Gloria Estefan — Montuno". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  50. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl — Gloria Estefan — ¡Sí Señor!..." (in Dutch). Mega Single Top 100. Hung Medien / hitparade.ch. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  51. ^ "Mi Buen Amor — Gloria Estefan". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  52. ^ "Gloria Estefan Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  53. ^ Mi Tierra — Credits at AllMusic. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  54. ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 95.
  55. ^ "Gloria Estefan | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  56. ^ "Gloria Estefan Chart History (Top Latin Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  57. ^ [{{{url}}} "{{{title}}}"]. Retrieved June 2, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  58. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Album 1993". dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  59. ^ (PDF) (in Spanish). Anuarios SGAE. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  60. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993 - Top Hot Latin Tracks". Billboard. December 25, 1993. p. YE-56. ISSN 0006-2510.
  61. ^ a b "1995: The Year in Music". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. December 23, 1995. p. YE-68.
  62. ^ a b "1996: The Year in Music". Billboard. Vol. 108, no. 52. Prometheus Global Media. December 28, 1996. p. YE-63, 80. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  63. ^ "Chile's Warm-up". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. December 10, 1994. pp. 70–. ISSN 0006-2510.
  64. ^ Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970-2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. 2006. ISBN 4-87131-077-9.
  65. ^ Sweeney, Philip (October 6, 1995). "The power and the glory Pop queen Gloria Estefan returned to her musical roots to mine a rich seam of Cuban immigrant nostalgia. Now she's the Madonna of Miami". The Guardian. p. T.018. Retrieved March 1, 2024 – via ProQuest. A vast seller across the Hispanic world - one million copies in Spain alone, the same in Mexico, just under in the US - and outside, it is unique as an Afro-Cuban hit record in the UK. And Mi Tierra is still selling, in effect a classic at two years old
  66. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Gloria Estefan – Mi Tierra" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved November 12, 2018. Enter Mi Tierra in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 2000 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
  67. ^ Leila Cobo (October 11, 2003). Language nor a barrier for Estefan's albums. Retrieved October 27, 2021 – via Google Books.

tierra, homeland, third, studio, album, cuban, american, recording, artist, gloria, estefan, released, june, 1993, epic, records, produced, husband, emilio, estefan, spanish, language, album, pays, homage, cuban, roots, album, features, cuban, musical, genres,. Mi Tierra My Homeland is the third studio album by Cuban American recording artist Gloria Estefan released on June 22 1993 by Epic Records Produced by husband Emilio Estefan it is a Spanish language album and pays homage to her Cuban roots The album features Cuban musical genres including boleros danzon and son music Recorded at Crescent Moon Studios in Miami Florida Mi Tierra features notable Latin musicians such as Tito Puente Arturo Sandoval Cachao Lopez Chamin Correa and Paquito D Rivera Mi TierraStudio album by Gloria EstefanReleasedJune 22 1993 1993 06 22 Recorded1992 1993StudioCrescent Moon Studios in Miami FloridaGenreCuban bolero salsa 1 Length55 18LanguageSpanishLabelEpicProducerEmilio Estefan Jr Jorge Casas Clay OstwaldGloria Estefan chronologyGreatest Hits 1992 Mi Tierra 1993 Christmas Through Your Eyes 1993 Singles from Mi Tierra Mi Tierra Released June 1993 Con Los Anos Que Me Quedan If We Were Lovers Released August September 1993 Tradicion Released October 1993 Si Senor Released October 1993 Montuno Released December 1993 Mi Buen Amor Released January 1994 Ayer Released May 1994 The album was an international success selling over five million copies worldwide In the United States it was the first record to reach number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart spending 58 weeks at 1 longest running 1 album on the chart ever 2 It also peaked at number twenty seven on the Billboard 200 chart Mi Tierra has sold over one million copies in the US and Spain The album received favorable reviews from critics who praised the album s production songs and Estefan s vocals Its success won the singer a Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album Mi Tierra spawned seven singles Mi Tierra Con Los Anos Que Me Quedan Tradicion Montuno Si Senor Mi Buen Amor and Ayer Contents 1 Background 2 Recording and production 3 Musical style and songs 4 Critical reception 4 1 Accolades 5 Commercial performance 5 1 Album 5 2 Singles 6 Track listing 7 Personnel 7 1 Performers 7 2 Technical 8 Charts 8 1 Weekly charts 8 2 Year end charts 9 Certifications and sales 10 See also 11 Notes 12 ReferencesBackground editGloria Estefan had wanted to record a Spanish language album reflecting her Cuban heritage since the beginning of her musical career 3 Before recording in English Estefan and her band performed at Latin nightclubs 4 she also remembered her grandmother teaching her old Cuban songs Music had an important role in Estefan s family her paternal grandmother was a poet and an uncle played the flute in a salsa band 3 The singer s desire to record an album in Spanish was also influenced by her son Nayib she wanted him to recognize his Cuban heritage 4 Recording and production editMi Tierra was produced by Estefan s husband Emilio Estefan and fellow Miami Sound Machine members Clay Ostwald and Jorge Casas 5 It features notable Latin musicians including Nestor Torres Cachao Lopez Paquito Hechavarria Chamin Correa Paquito D Rivera Arturo Sandoval Luis Enrique and Tito Puente 6 Additional performers include Sheila E and the London Symphony Orchestra 6 7 The album was recorded at Crescent Moon Studios in Miami Florida 8 Celia Cruz was invited to perform but was unable to do so because of her touring schedule 3 The album s cover features Estefan in a black and white photo at a Havana nightclub before the Cuban Revolution 9 Musical style and songs edit nbsp Gloria Estefan Con los Anos Que Me Quedan 1993 source source A 27 second sample of Con los Anos Que Me Quedan by Gloria Estefan one of the album s bolero songs In it Estefan describes the years spent away from her lover Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra 1993 source source A 27 second sample of Mi Tierra the lead single from the album An uptempo song it features Cuban salsa arrangements produced by Emilio Estefan Problems playing these files See media help The opening track on the album Con los Anos Que Me Quedan With the Years I Have Left is a Cuban bolero song Three other bolero tracks on Mi Tierra are Mi Buen Amor My True Love Volveras You ll Be Back and Hablas de Mi You re Talking About Me 5 10 The title track details the passion of Estefan s homeland in a salsa arrangement 5 In Ayer Yesterday the singer finds a flower given to her by a lover and yearns for him to return since life is short Its music combines bolero and son music 11 No Hay Mal Que Por Bien No Venga Out of All Bad Some Good Things Come is a danzon recalling a brief love affair 5 Si Senor Yes Sir is another son track featured on the album 6 The bolero Volveras was later covered by Mexican recording artist Alejandro Fernandez on his album Me Estoy Enamorando 1997 also produced by Emilio Estefan 12 Montuno takes its name from the musical genre of the same name 13 Hablemos El Mismo Idioma Let s Speak The Same Language is an anthem reaching out to other Spanish speaking groups telling them that since they speak the same language they should leave their differences behind 14 The album closes with Tradicion Traditional which is performed as a guaguanco 5 Critical reception editProfessional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 14 Chicago Tribune nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 15 Entertainment Weekly favorable 16 Music Week nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 17 Orlando Sentinel nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 13 Sun Sentinel favorable 5 Jose F Promis of AllMusic awarded the album four stars out of five calling it one of Estefan s most satisfying 14 Mi Tierra was a breezy sunny album with moments of melancholy and one of her most consistent albums to date 14 Achy Obejas of the Chicago Tribune gave the album four out of four stars praised it as dispensing with the brash sound of more contemporary salsa and lauded Emilio Estefan for the album s production 15 Anne Hurley of Entertainment Weekly said that Mi Tierra will whirl you through an intoxicating landscape of traditional Cuban rhythms and aromatic flavors and applauded the guest musicians on the album 16 Parry Gettelman of the Orlando Sentinel gave Mi Tierra four out of five stars commending the album as uncompromising offering up songs and arrangements firmly rooted in Cuban traditions 13 He compared it to Estefan s earlier recordings with the Miami Sound Machine including her musical style and songwriting She ditches the synths and employs the London Symphony Orchestra s strings to graceful effect abandoning melodrama for real color and emotional shading 13 John Lannert described Mi Tierra for the Sun Sentinel as Estefan s Latin unplugged album and her most satisfying effort to date 5 Accolades edit At the 36th Grammy Awards Mi Tierra was the Best Tropical Latin Album 18 At the 6th Lo Nuestro Awards Estefan received two awards in the tropical category for Female Artist of the Year and Album of the Year 19 The singer was Female Artist of the Year at the first Billboard Latin Music Awards and Mi Tierra was Album of the Year in the tropical salsa category 7 At the 1994 Spanish Ondas Awards Mi Tierra was the Best International Album and Estefan the Best International Artist It was recognized as the best selling Latin album of the year with a 1993 94 NARM Best Seller Award 20 In 2015 Billboard listed Mi Tierra as one of the Essential Latin Albums of Past 50 Year stating that Through son she transports us to a magical place in the 50s where time stood still on her beloved island 21 Commercial performance editAlbum edit In the United States Mi Tierra peaked at number twenty seven on the Billboard 200 chart 22 It was the first number one album on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart established when it was released 23 The album spent a total of fifty eight weeks atop the chart until it was displaced by Selena s album Amor Prohibido the week of June 11 1994 24 It was more successful on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart where it spent ninety one weeks on top 25 Mi Tierra debuted at number one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart the week of July 10 1993 but it was removed from the chart following week since it did not meet its criteria 26 Mi Tierra ended 1994 as the best selling Latin album of the year in the United States 27 The album was certified 16 platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America by Latin standards for shipments of 1 6 million copies in the U S 28 As of October 2017 update it sold 1 232 000 copies in the U S making it the sixth bestselling Latin album in the country 29 According to Billboard most purchasers did not speak Spanish 30 In Latin America the album was certified double platinum in Argentina and triple platinum in Mexico 31 32 It sold over 30 000 copies in Chile 33 In Europe Mi Tierra peaked at number fifty nine in Germany 34 number nine in the Netherlands 35 number one in Spain 36 number twenty five in Switzerland and number eleven in the United Kingdom 37 The album was certified 10 platinum in Spain for shipping one million copies and certified gold in Switzerland 38 39 It also sold 200 000 in England 40 Mi Tierra was the 60th best selling album of the 1990s 41 and sold over five million copies worldwide four million outside the U S 40 Singles edit Mi Tierra was the first single released from the album In the United States it reached number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and number five on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart 42 In Europe the song peaked at number seventy seven on the Media Control charts in Germany twenty seventh on the Mega Single Top 100 chart in Netherlands and thirty sixth on the UK Singles Chart 43 44 45 The second single Con Los Anos Que Me Quedan also reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States 46 An English version If We Were Lovers was released as a single and peaked at number forty on the UK Singles Chart 47 The third single Tradicion reached number one the Hot Dance Clubs chart in the United States 48 Montuno was the fourth single released from the album peaking at number fifty five on the UK Singles chart 49 The fifth single Si Senor peaked at number forty four on the Mega Single Top 100 chart in the Netherlands 50 The sixth Mi Buen Amor reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States 51 The last single released from the album was Ayer which peaked at number five on the Hot Latin Songs chart 52 Track listing editOfficial translations provided by Allmusic and by Gloria Estefan on the Mi Tierra liner notes 8 14 No TitleWriter s Length1 Con Los Anos Que Me Quedan With the Years That I Have Left Emilio Estefan Jr Gloria Estefan4 362 Mi Tierra My Homeland Estefano Estefan4 383 Ayer Yesterday Juanito R Marquez5 174 Mi Buen Amor My True Love Estefan Estefano3 505 Tus Ojos Your Eyes Estefan Jr Estefano4 116 No Hay Mal Que por Bien No Venga Out of All Bad Some Good Things Come Estefan Jr Estefan Israel Cachao Lopez Jon Secada5 287 Si Senor Yes Sir It s My S O N Juanito R Marquez4 408 Volveras You ll Be Back Estefan Rafael Ferro3 559 Montuno Marquez4 5710 Hablemos El Mismo Idioma Let s Speak The Same Language Estefan Jr Estefan4 4511 Hablas de Mi You re Talking About Me Jorge Luis Piloto3 4012 Tradicion Tradition Gloria Estefan Emilio Estefan Jr 5 21Personnel editCredits adapted from Allmusic and the Mi Tierra liner notes 8 53 Performers edit Randy Barlow arranger trumpet background vocals Rafael Felo Barrio timbales Cachao arranger bajo sexto bass guitar Jorge Casas arranger bajo sexto bass guitar background vocals twelve string guitar producer tres Alejandro Correa Alfredo Correa background vocals Chamin Correa guitar requinto background vocals Paquito D Rivera saxophone Luis Enrique bass guitar percussion timbales Emilio Estefan Jr arranger producer Gloria Estefan arranger background vocals lead vocals Estefano arranger Nelson Gonzalez bass guitar percussion tres Paquito Hechavarria piano Sebastian Krys London Symphony Orchestra strings Juanito Marquez guitar Teddy Mulet arranger trombone trumpet background vocals Alfredo Oliva viola Jorge Orbon Robert Basso Max Teppich Alexander Prilutchi violin Clay Ostwald arranger piano producer timbales Rafael Padilla bass percussion Tito Puente congas timbales Cheito Quinonez trumpet background vocals Serena Radaelli estilista Roberto Luis Rodriguez Arturo Sandoval trumpet Jon Secada background vocals Sheila E congas timbales Jorge Sicre cello Debbie Spring charango cuerda viola violin Nestor Torres flute Technical edit Mike Couzzi mixing Nancy Donald art direction Charles Dye engineer Pablo Flores mixing Geoff Foster assistant Noel Harris assistant Mark Krieg assistant Patrice Wilkinson Levinsohn engineer Bob Ludwig mastering Frank Miret engineer Lance Phillips assistant Phil Ramone mixing Andrew Roshberg assistant Eric Schilling engineer mixing Ron Taylor engineer Alberto Tolot photography Francesca Tolot make Up Christine Wilson design Javier Vacas assistantCharts editWeekly charts edit Weekly chart performance for Mi Tierra Chart 1993 96 Peakposition Australian Albums ARIA 54 81 Dutch Albums Album Top 100 35 9 German Albums Media Control 34 59 Spanish Albums PROMUSICAE 36 1 Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade 37 25 UK Albums OCC 55 11 US Billboard 200 22 27 US Top Latin Albums Billboard 56 1 US Tropical Albums Billboard 57 1 Year end charts edit 1993 year end chart performance for Mi Tierra Chart 1993 Position Dutch Albums Album Top 100 58 48 Spanish Albums AFYVE 59 1 US Top Latin Albums Billboard 27 1 US Tropical Albums Billboard 60 3 1994 year end chart performance for Mi Tierra Chart 1994 Position US Top Latin Albums Billboard 27 1 US Tropical Albums Billboard 27 1 1995 year end chart performance for Mi Tierra Chart 1995 Position US Top Latin Albums Billboard 61 6 US Tropical Albums Billboard 61 1 1996 year end chart performance for Mi Tierra Chart 1996 Position US Top Latin Albums Billboard 62 10 US Tropical Albums Billboard 62 2Certifications and sales edit See Tfd See Tfd Region Certification Certified units sales Argentina CAPIF 31 2 Platinum 120 000 Chile 30 000 63 Japan 11 650 64 Mexico AMPROFON 32 3 Platinum 1 000 000 65 Netherlands NVPI 66 Platinum 100 000 Spain PROMUSICAE 39 10 Platinum 1 000 000 40 Switzerland IFPI Switzerland 38 Gold 25 000 United Kingdom 200 000 67 United States RIAA 28 16 Platinum Latin 1 232 000 29 Summaries Worldwide 5 200 000 a Shipments figures based on certification alone See also edit nbsp Cuba portal nbsp Latin music portal 1993 in Latin music List of best selling albums in Mexico List of best selling albums in Spain List of best selling Latin albums List of best selling Latin albums in the United States List of number one Billboard Latin Pop Albums from the 1990s List of number one Billboard Top Latin Albums from the 1990s List of number one Billboard Tropical Albums from the 1990s List of number one albums of 1993 Spain List of number one albums of 1994 Spain Music of CubaNotes edit According to Billboard magazine Mi Tierra sold over 1 2 million copies in the US 29 and another 4 million in the rest of the world 40 References edit Lannert John June 20 1993 Disc Satisfying Convincing Sun Sentinel Tribune Company Retrieved September 1 2021 In Honor of Hispanic Heritage Here Are The 20 Longest Leading No 1s on the Top Latin Albums Chart Billboard Retrieved September 16 2021 a b c Lopetegui Ernesto June 22 1993 Q amp A With Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra Paying Tribute to Her Roots Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 14 2013 a b Herrmann Brenda June 24 1993 Mi Tierra Gloria Estefan Draws Inspiration From The Heritage Of Her Cuban Roots Chicago Tribune Tribune Company Retrieved January 14 2013 a b c d e f g Lannert John June 20 1993 Disc Satisfying Convincing Sun Sentinel Tribune Company Retrieved January 14 2013 a b c Morales Ed 2003 The Latin Beat The Rhythms And Roots Of Latin Music From Bossa Nova To Salsa And Beyond De Capo p 153 ISBN 9780786730209 gloria estefan mi tierra luis enrique cachao a b Lannert John May 21 1994 First Latin Music Awards Recognize Range of Talent Billboard Vol 106 no 32 Prometheus Global Media p LM 52 Retrieved June 3 2010 a b c Mi Tierra CD liner Gloria Estefan United States Epic 1993 EK 53807 a href Template Cite AV media notes html title Template Cite AV media notes cite AV media notes a CS1 maint others in cite AV media notes link Shiner Lo July 22 1993 Gloria Estefan calls new album of Cuban music labor of love The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Journal Communications p 106 Retrieved September 2 2013 Alberola Rafael 2008 What a wonderful world Que mundo tan maravilloso in Spanish Editorial Club Universitario p 53 ISBN 9788484546474 Florez Mercedes 2006 Mujeres espacio y poder in Spanish ArCiBel Editores p 237 ISBN 9788493450823 Me Estoy Enamorando Overview Allmusic Rovi Corporation Retrieved September 2 2013 a b c d Gettelman Peter July 9 1993 Gloria Estefan Orlando Sentinel Tribune Company Retrieved January 14 2013 a b c d e Promis Jose Mi Tierra Review AllMusic Rovi Corporation Retrieved May 24 2012 a b Obejas Achy September 23 1993 Tempo Recordings Chicago Tribune Tribune Company Retrieved May 24 2012 a b Hurley Anne June 25 1993 Mi Tierra Review Entertainment Weekly Time Inc Retrieved June 24 2012 Jones Alan June 26 1993 Market Preview Mainstream Albums PDF Music Week p 11 Retrieved January 29 2023 The 36th Annual Grammy Awards And the Grammy Goes to Winners According to Category Los Angeles Times March 2 1994 Retrieved August 23 2013 Lo Nuestro 1994 Historia de Premio lo Nuestro Univision in Spanish Univision Communications 1994 Archived from the original on August 5 2011 Retrieved October 3 2011 Llewellyn Howard April 9 1994 Estefan Tops Un Ano De Rock Billboard Vol 106 no 15 Prometheus Global Media pp 42 47 Retrieved September 2 2013 Latin Music Essential Latin Albums of Past 50 Years Billboard Prometheus Global Media September 17 2015 Retrieved September 17 2015 a b Gloria Estefan Chart History Billboard 200 Billboard Retrieved June 2 2012 Lannert John July 10 1993 Latin Notas Billboard Prometheus Global Media p 26 Retrieved August 27 2013 Top Latin Albums Week of June 11 1994 Billboard Prometheus Global Media June 11 1994 Retrieved May 7 2024 Tropical Albums Week of April 15 1995 Billboard Prometheus Global Media April 15 1995 Retrieved May 7 2024 Latin Pop Albums Week of July 10 1993 Billboard Prometheus Global Media July 10 1993 Retrieved May 7 2024 a b c d 1994 The Year in Music Billboard Vol 106 no 52 Prometheus Global Media December 24 1994 p YE 77 80 Retrieved August 27 2013 a b American album certifications Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra Recording Industry Association of America Retrieved May 24 2012 a b c Estevez Marjua October 17 2017 The Top 25 Biggest Selling Latin Albums of the Last 25 Years Selena Shakira amp More Billboard Prometheus Global Media Archived from the original on October 17 2017 Retrieved October 18 2017 Cobo Leila July 28 2007 Gloria Gets Her Roots Back Billboard Vol 119 no 30 Prometheus Global Media p 23 Retrieved May 24 2012 a b Discos de oro y platino in Spanish Camara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas Archived from the original on July 6 2011 Retrieved November 4 2012 a b Certificaciones in Spanish Asociacion Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas Retrieved April 5 2011 TypeGloria Estefanin the box under theARTISTAcolumn heading andMi Tierra Combatirin the box under theTITULOcolumn heading Lannert John December 10 1994 Record Biz Tries To Warm A Chilly Market Billboard Vol 106 no 50 Prometheus Global Media p 70 Retrieved August 27 2013 a b Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra Media Control Charts in German Phononet GmbH July 8 1993 Archived from the original on March 23 2014 Retrieved May 24 2012 a b Dutchcharts nl Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra in Dutch Hung Medien Retrieved June 2 2012 a b Hits of the World Billboard Vol 105 no 33 Prometheus Global Media August 14 1993 p 40 Retrieved May 24 2012 a b Swisscharts com Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra Hung Medien Retrieved June 2 2012 a b The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community Awards Mi Tierra IFPI Switzerland Hung Medien Retrieved April 5 2011 a b Spanish album certifications in Spanish Productores de Musica de Espana Retrieved April 5 2011 Select Albumes under Categoria select2004under Ano Select23under Semana Click on BUSCAR LISTA a b c d Cobo Leila October 11 2003 Language nor a barrier for Estefan s albums Billboard Vol 115 no 41 Prometheus Global Media p 30 Retrieved May 23 2015 Dodd Peter 2004 100 best selling albums of the 90s Amber Books p 13 ISBN 9781904687139 Mi Tierra Gloria Estefan Billboard Prometheus Global Media Retrieved June 2 2012 Mi Tierra amp Gloria Estefan Media Control in German PhonoNet GmbH Archived from the original on July 16 2014 Retrieved June 2 2012 Dutchcharts nl Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra in Dutch Mega Single Top 100 Hung Medien hitparade ch Retrieved June 2 2012 Archive Chart Official Charts Company Retrieved June 2 2012 Con Los Anos Que Me Queden Gloria Estefan Billboard Prometheus Global Media Retrieved June 2 2012 Archive Chart Official Charts Company Retrieved June 2 2012 Tradicion Gloria Estefan Billboard Prometheus Global Media Retrieved June 2 2012 The Official Charts Company Gloria Estefan Montuno Official Charts Company Retrieved June 2 2012 Dutchcharts nl Gloria Estefan Si Senor in Dutch Mega Single Top 100 Hung Medien hitparade ch Retrieved June 2 2012 Mi Buen Amor Gloria Estefan Billboard Prometheus Global Media Retrieved June 2 2012 Gloria Estefan Album amp Song Chart History Billboard Prometheus Global Media Retrieved June 2 2012 Mi Tierra Credits at AllMusic Retrieved May 24 2012 Ryan Gavin 2011 Australia s Music Charts 1988 2010 PDF ed Mt Martha Victoria Australia Moonlight Publishing p 95 Gloria Estefan Artist Official Charts UK Albums Chart Retrieved June 2 2012 Gloria Estefan Chart History Top Latin Albums Billboard Retrieved June 2 2012 url title Retrieved June 2 2012 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a Check url value help Jaaroverzichten Album 1993 dutchcharts nl in Dutch Retrieved May 23 2022 LOS 50 TITULOS CON MAYORES VENTAS EN LAS LISTAS DE VENTAS DE AFYVE EN 1993 PDF in Spanish Anuarios SGAE Archived from the original PDF on August 18 2012 Retrieved May 23 2022 The Year in Music 1993 Top Hot Latin Tracks Billboard December 25 1993 p YE 56 ISSN 0006 2510 a b 1995 The Year in Music Billboard Prometheus Global Media December 23 1995 p YE 68 a b 1996 The Year in Music Billboard Vol 108 no 52 Prometheus Global Media December 28 1996 p YE 63 80 Retrieved September 21 2013 Chile s Warm up Billboard Nielsen Business Media Inc December 10 1994 pp 70 ISSN 0006 2510 Oricon Album Chart Book Complete Edition 1970 2005 Roppongi Tokyo Oricon Entertainment 2006 ISBN 4 87131 077 9 Sweeney Philip October 6 1995 The power and the glory Pop queen Gloria Estefan returned to her musical roots to mine a rich seam of Cuban immigrant nostalgia Now she s the Madonna of Miami The Guardian p T 018 Retrieved March 1 2024 via ProQuest A vast seller across the Hispanic world one million copies in Spain alone the same in Mexico just under in the US and outside it is unique as an Afro Cuban hit record in the UK And Mi Tierra is still selling in effect a classic at two years old Dutch album certifications Gloria Estefan Mi Tierra in Dutch Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld en geluidsdragers Retrieved November 12 2018 EnterMi Tierra in the Artiest of titel box Select 2000 in the drop down menu saying Alle jaargangen Leila Cobo October 11 2003 Language nor a barrier for Estefan s albums Retrieved October 27 2021 via Google Books Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mi Tierra amp oldid 1222821437, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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