Melamine cyanurate, also known as melamine–cyanuric acid adduct or melamine–cyanuric acid complex, is a crystallinecomplex formed from a 1:1 mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid. The substance is not a salt despite its non-systematic name melamine cyanurate. The complex is held together by an extensive two-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds between the two compounds, reminiscent of the guanine–cytosinebase pairs found in DNA.[2] Melamine cyanurate forms spoke-like crystals from aqueous solutions [3] and has been implicated as a causative agent for toxicity seen in the Chinese protein export contamination and the 2007 pet food recall.[3]
The substance is best described as a melamine-cyanuric acid complex, or non-covalent adduct. The two compounds do not form a salt as suggested by its colloquial name melamine cyanurate.
A toxicology study conducted after recent pet food recalls concluded that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in diet does lead to acute kidney injury in cats.[6] A 2008 study produced similar experimental results in rats and characterized the melamine and cyanuric acid in contaminated pet food from the 2007 outbreak.[7]
Section of the extensive two-dimensional hydrogen bond network (dashed) between melamine (blue) and cyanuric acid (red)
^ abLili He; Yang Liu; Mengshi Lin; Joseph Awika; David R Ledoux; Hao Li; Azlin Mustapha (2008). "A new approach to measure melamine, cyanuric acid, and melamine cyanurate using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanosubstrates". Sens. & Instrumen. Food Qual. 2: 66–71. doi:10.1007/s11694-008-9038-0. S2CID 93425738.
^Gijsman, Pieter; Steenbakkers, Rieky; Fürst, Christian; Kersjes, Joyce (2002). "Differences in the flame retardant mechanism of melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6 and polyamide 66". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 78 (2): 219–224. doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00136-2.
^A.A. Babayan, A.V.Aleksandryan, "Toxicological characteristics of melamine cyanurate, melamine and cyanuric acid", Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Klinicheskoi Meditsiny, Vol.25, 345-9 (1985). Original article in Russian.
^Puschner et al. (November 2007). Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
^Dobson; et al. (August 2008). "Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs". Toxicological Sciences. 106 (1): 251–62. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn160. PMID 18689873.
December 20, 2023
melamine, cyanurate, also, known, melamine, cyanuric, acid, adduct, melamine, cyanuric, acid, complex, crystalline, complex, formed, from, mixture, melamine, cyanuric, acid, substance, salt, despite, systematic, name, melamine, cyanurate, complex, held, togeth. Melamine cyanurate also known as melamine cyanuric acid adduct or melamine cyanuric acid complex is a crystalline complex formed from a 1 1 mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid The substance is not a salt despite its non systematic name melamine cyanurate The complex is held together by an extensive two dimensional network of hydrogen bonds between the two compounds reminiscent of the guanine cytosine base pairs found in DNA 2 Melamine cyanurate forms spoke like crystals from aqueous solutions 3 and has been implicated as a causative agent for toxicity seen in the Chinese protein export contamination and the 2007 pet food recall 3 Melamine cyanuric acid complex 1 NamesPreferred IUPAC name 1 3 5 Triazinane 2 4 6 trione 1 3 5 triazine 2 4 6 triamine 1 1 Other names Melamine cyanuric acid compound melamine cyanuric acid adduct melamine cyanurate melamine isocyanurateIdentifiersCAS Number 37640 57 6 Y70371 20 9 N3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 84141 NECHA InfoCard 100 048 687MeSH melamine cyanuratePubChem CID 93198CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID3068043InChI InChI 1S C3H6N6 C3H3N3O3 c4 1 7 2 5 9 3 6 8 1 7 1 4 2 8 6 3 9 5 1 h H6 4 5 6 7 8 9 H3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NKey ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH UHFFFAOYSA N NSMILES c1 nc nc n1 N N N c1 O nH c O nH c O nH 1PropertiesChemical formula C6H9N9O3 C3H6N6 C3H3N3O3 Molar mass 255 19 g molSolubility in water noneExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Chemistry 2 Uses 3 Toxicity 4 See also 5 ReferencesChemistry editThe substance is best described as a melamine cyanuric acid complex or non covalent adduct The two compounds do not form a salt as suggested by its colloquial name melamine cyanurate Uses editMelamine cyanurate is used as a flame retardant most commonly in polybutylene terephthalate PBT polyamide 6 nylon 6 and polyamide 6 6 nylon 6 6 4 It is also used to fireproof in polyester fabrics Toxicity editIt has been considered to be more toxic than either melamine or cyanuric acid alone 5 LD50 in rats and mice ingested 4 1 g kg Melamine cyanurate 6 0 g kg Melamine clarification needed 7 7 g kg Cyanuric acidA toxicology study conducted after recent pet food recalls concluded that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in diet does lead to acute kidney injury in cats 6 A 2008 study produced similar experimental results in rats and characterized the melamine and cyanuric acid in contaminated pet food from the 2007 outbreak 7 nbsp Section of the extensive two dimensional hydrogen bond network dashed between melamine blue and cyanuric acid red See also edit1 3 5 Triazine Hydrogen bondingReferences edit EPA Substance Archived 2008 09 22 at the Wayback Machine Perdigao LM Champness NR Beton PH 2006 Surface self assembly of the cyanuric acid melamine hydrogen bonded network Chem Commun 5 538 540 doi 10 1039 b514389f PMID 16432575 a b Lili He Yang Liu Mengshi Lin Joseph Awika David R Ledoux Hao Li Azlin Mustapha 2008 A new approach to measure melamine cyanuric acid and melamine cyanurate using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanosubstrates Sens amp Instrumen Food Qual 2 66 71 doi 10 1007 s11694 008 9038 0 S2CID 93425738 Gijsman Pieter Steenbakkers Rieky Furst Christian Kersjes Joyce 2002 Differences in the flame retardant mechanism of melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 Polymer Degradation and Stability 78 2 219 224 doi 10 1016 S0141 3910 02 00136 2 A A Babayan A V Aleksandryan Toxicological characteristics of melamine cyanurate melamine and cyanuric acid Zhurnal Eksperimental noi i Klinicheskoi Meditsiny Vol 25 345 9 1985 Original article in Russian Puschner et al November 2007 Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Retrieved on 2007 11 16 Dobson et al August 2008 Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs Toxicological Sciences 106 1 251 62 doi 10 1093 toxsci kfn160 PMID 18689873 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Melamine cyanurate amp oldid 1135870673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
