A meiocyte is a type of cell that differentiates into a gamete through the process of meiosis. Through meiosis, the diploid meiocyte divides into four genetically different haploid gametes.[1][2] The control of the meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle varies between different groups of organisms.
The process of meiosis has been extensively studied in model organisms, such as yeast.[1][3] Because of this, the way in which the meiocyte is controlled through the meiotic cell cycle is best understood in this group of organisms.[3] A yeast meiocyte that is undergoing meiosis must pass through a number of checkpoints in order to complete the cell cycle.[3] If a meiocyte divides and this division results in a mutant cell, the mutant cell will undergo apoptosis and, therefore, will not complete the cycle.[3]
In natural populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diploid meiocytes produce haploid cells that then mainly undergo either clonal reproduction, or selfing (intratetrad mating) to form progeny diploid meiocytes.[4] When the ancestry of natural S. cerevisiae strains was analyzed, it was determined that formation of diploid meiocytes by outcrossing (as opposed to inbreeding or selfing) occurs only about once every 50,000 cell divisions.[5] These findings suggest that the principal adaptive function of meiocytes may not be related to the production of genetic diversity that occurs infrequently by outcrossing, but rather may be mainly related to recombinational repair of DNA damage (that can occur in meiocytes at each mating cycle).[6]
Animaledit
The animal meiotic cell cycle is very much like that of yeast. Checkpoints within the animal meiotic cell cycle serve to stop mutant meiocytes from progressing further within the cycle.[3] Like yeast meiocytes, if an animal meiocyte differentiates into a mutant cell, the cell will undergo apoptosis.[3]
Plantedit
The meiotic cell cycle in plants is very different from that of yeast and animal cells. In plant studies, mutations have been identified that affect meiocyte formation or the process of meiosis.[3] Most meiotic mutant plant cells complete the meiotic cell cycle and produce abnormal microspores.[3] It appears that plant meiocytes do not undergo any checkpoints within the meiotic cell cycle and can, thus, proceed through the cycle regardless of any defect.[3] By studying the abnormal microspores, the progression of the plant meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle can be investigated further.[3][7]
Mammalian infertilityedit
Researching meiosis in mammals plays a crucial role in understanding human infertility. Meiosis research within mammal populations is restricted due to the fundamental nature of meiosis.[2] In order to study mammalian meiosis, a culture technique that would allow for this process to be observed live under a microscope would need to be identified.[2] By viewing live mammalian meiosis, one can observe the behavior of mutant meiocytes that may possibly compromise infertility within the particular organism.[2] However, because of the size and small number of meiocytes, collecting samples of these cells has been difficult and is currently being researched.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcLibeau, P., Durandet, M., Granier, F., Marquis, C., Berthomé, R., Renou, J. P., Taconnat-Soubirou, L., and Horlow, C. (2011). Gene expression profiling of Arabidopsis meiocytes. Plant Biology13, 784-793.
^ abcdRoig, I., Brieno-Enriquez, M. A., Caldes, M. G. (2011). Meiosis in a bottle: new approaches to overcome mammalian meiocyte study limitations. Genes2, 152-168.
^ abcdefghijYang, X., Makaroff, C. A., and Ma, H. (2003). The Arabidopsis MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH1 gene encodes a PHD-finger protein that is required for male meiosis. The Plant Cell15, 1281-1295.
^Katz Ezov T, Chang SL, Frenkel Z, Segrè AV, Bahalul M, Murray AW, Leu JY, Korol A, Kashi Y. Heterothallism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from nature: effect of HO locus on the mode of reproduction. Mol Ecol. 2010 Jan;19(1):121-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04436.x. Epub 2009 Dec 3. PMID: 20002587; PMCID: PMC3892377
^Ruderfer DM, Pratt SC, Seidel HS, Kruglyak L. Population genomic analysis of outcrossing and recombination in yeast. Nat Genet. 2006 Sep;38(9):1077-81. doi: 10.1038/ng1859. Epub 2006 Aug 6. PMID: 16892060
^Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE. Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277-81. doi: 10.1126/science.3898363. PMID: 3898363
^Wang, D., Skibbe, D. S., and Walbot, V. (2011). Maize csmd1 exhibits pre-meiotic somatic and post-meiotic microspore defects but sustains anther growth. Sex Plant Reprod24, 297-306.
January 01, 1970
meiocyte, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 2022, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Meiocyte news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message A meiocyte is a type of cell that differentiates into a gamete through the process of meiosis Through meiosis the diploid meiocyte divides into four genetically different haploid gametes 1 2 The control of the meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle varies between different groups of organisms Contents 1 Yeast 2 Animal 3 Plant 4 Mammalian infertility 5 ReferencesYeast editThe process of meiosis has been extensively studied in model organisms such as yeast 1 3 Because of this the way in which the meiocyte is controlled through the meiotic cell cycle is best understood in this group of organisms 3 A yeast meiocyte that is undergoing meiosis must pass through a number of checkpoints in order to complete the cell cycle 3 If a meiocyte divides and this division results in a mutant cell the mutant cell will undergo apoptosis and therefore will not complete the cycle 3 In natural populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid meiocytes produce haploid cells that then mainly undergo either clonal reproduction or selfing intratetrad mating to form progeny diploid meiocytes 4 When the ancestry of natural S cerevisiae strains was analyzed it was determined that formation of diploid meiocytes by outcrossing as opposed to inbreeding or selfing occurs only about once every 50 000 cell divisions 5 These findings suggest that the principal adaptive function of meiocytes may not be related to the production of genetic diversity that occurs infrequently by outcrossing but rather may be mainly related to recombinational repair of DNA damage that can occur in meiocytes at each mating cycle 6 Animal editThe animal meiotic cell cycle is very much like that of yeast Checkpoints within the animal meiotic cell cycle serve to stop mutant meiocytes from progressing further within the cycle 3 Like yeast meiocytes if an animal meiocyte differentiates into a mutant cell the cell will undergo apoptosis 3 Plant editThe meiotic cell cycle in plants is very different from that of yeast and animal cells In plant studies mutations have been identified that affect meiocyte formation or the process of meiosis 3 Most meiotic mutant plant cells complete the meiotic cell cycle and produce abnormal microspores 3 It appears that plant meiocytes do not undergo any checkpoints within the meiotic cell cycle and can thus proceed through the cycle regardless of any defect 3 By studying the abnormal microspores the progression of the plant meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle can be investigated further 3 7 Mammalian infertility editResearching meiosis in mammals plays a crucial role in understanding human infertility Meiosis research within mammal populations is restricted due to the fundamental nature of meiosis 2 In order to study mammalian meiosis a culture technique that would allow for this process to be observed live under a microscope would need to be identified 2 By viewing live mammalian meiosis one can observe the behavior of mutant meiocytes that may possibly compromise infertility within the particular organism 2 However because of the size and small number of meiocytes collecting samples of these cells has been difficult and is currently being researched 1 References edit a b c Libeau P Durandet M Granier F Marquis C Berthome R Renou J P Taconnat Soubirou L and Horlow C 2011 Gene expression profiling of Arabidopsis meiocytes Plant Biology 13 784 793 a b c d Roig I Brieno Enriquez M A Caldes M G 2011 Meiosis in a bottle new approaches to overcome mammalian meiocyte study limitations Genes 2 152 168 a b c d e f g h i j Yang X Makaroff C A and Ma H 2003 The Arabidopsis MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH1 gene encodes a PHD finger protein that is required for male meiosis The Plant Cell 15 1281 1295 Katz Ezov T Chang SL Frenkel Z Segre AV Bahalul M Murray AW Leu JY Korol A Kashi Y Heterothallism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from nature effect of HO locus on the mode of reproduction Mol Ecol 2010 Jan 19 1 121 31 doi 10 1111 j 1365 294X 2009 04436 x Epub 2009 Dec 3 PMID 20002587 PMCID PMC3892377 Ruderfer DM Pratt SC Seidel HS Kruglyak L Population genomic analysis of outcrossing and recombination in yeast Nat Genet 2006 Sep 38 9 1077 81 doi 10 1038 ng1859 Epub 2006 Aug 6 PMID 16892060 Bernstein H Byerly HC Hopf FA Michod RE Genetic damage mutation and the evolution of sex Science 1985 Sep 20 229 4719 1277 81 doi 10 1126 science 3898363 PMID 3898363 Wang D Skibbe D S and Walbot V 2011 Maize csmd1 exhibits pre meiotic somatic and post meiotic microspore defects but sustains anther growth Sex Plant Reprod 24 297 306 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Meiocyte amp oldid 1157368474, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
