A mechanical joint is a section of a machine which is used to connect one or more mechanical part to another. Mechanical joints may be temporary or permanent, most types are designed to be disassembled. Most mechanical joints are designed to allow relative movement of these mechanical parts of the machine in one degree of freedom, and restrict movement in one or more others.[1]
A knuckle joint on a locomotive, seen behind the pin joint of the eccentric crank. Ball-point pen included for size.
A pin joint, also called a revolute joint, is a one-degree-of-freedomkinematic pair. It constrains the motion of two bodies to pure rotation along a common axis. The joint doesn't allow translation, or sliding linear motion. This is usually done through a rotary bearing. It enforces a cylindrical contact area, which makes it a lower kinematic pair, also called a full joint.
A prismatic joint provides a linear sliding movement between two bodies, and is often called a slider, as in the slider-crank linkage. A prismatic pair is also called as sliding pair. A prismatic joint can be formed with a polygonal cross-section to resist rotation.
The relative position of two bodies connected by a prismatic joint is defined by the amount of linear slide of one relative to the other one. This one parameter movement identifies this joint as a one degree of freedomkinematic pair.[2]
A ball joint consists of a bearing stud and socket enclosed in a casing; all these parts are made of steel. The bearing stud is tapered and threaded, and fits into a tapered hole in the steering knuckle. A protective encasing prevents dirt from getting into the joint assembly. Usually, this is a rubber-like boot that allows movement and expansion of lubricant. Motion-control ball joints tend to be retained with an internal spring, which helps to prevent vibration problems in the linkage.
The "offset" ball joint provides means of movement in systems where thermal expansion and contraction, shock, seismic motion, and torsional motions, and forces are present.[6]
A knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load when there is requirement of a small amount of flexibility or when angular movement is necessary. There is always axial or linear line of action of load.
The knuckle joint assembly consists of the following major components:
Single eye.
Double eye or fork
Knuckle pin.
At one end of the rod the a single eye is formed and a double eye is formed at the other end of the rod. Both, single and double eye are connected by a pin inserted through the eye. The pin has a head at one end and at other end there is a taper pin or split pin. For gripping purpose, the ends of the rod are of octagonal forms. Now, when the two eyes are pulled apart, the pin holds them together. The solid rod portion of the joint in this case is much stronger than the portion through which the pin passes.[7]
The buckle or a coupler is a mechanical joint used to connect two members which are subjected to tensile loading which require slight adjustment of length or tension under loaded conditions. It consists of central hexagonal nut called coupler and tie rod having right-hand and left-hand threads. A coupler of hexagonal shape is to facilitate the turning of it with a spanner or sometime a hole is provided in the nut so that a tommy bar can be inserted for rotating it. As the coupler rotates, the tie rods are either pulled together or pushed apart depending upon the direction of the rotation coupler. Normally the tie rods are made of steel, while the coupler is made of steel or C.I.
Application :
To tighten the members of the roof truss.
Used to connect link in a mechanism to transfer motion
Used between the two railway wagon or bogies.
To tighten the cable or stay ropes of electric distribution poles.
This is mainly used to connect rigidly two rods which transmit motion in the axial direction, without rotation. These joints may be subjected to tensile or compressive forces along the axes of the rods. The very famous example is the joining of piston rod's extension with the connecting rod in the cross head assembly.
Advantages:
Quick assembly and disassembly is possible
It can take tensile as well as compressive force.
Application:
Joint between piston rod and cross head of a steam engine
A Bolted Joint is a Mechanical Joint which is the most popular choice for connecting two members together. It is easy to design and easy to procure parts for, making it a very popular design choice for many applications.
Advantage:
Joints are easily assembled/ disassembled by using a torque wrench or other Fastener tooling.[9]
Clamped members can be axially tensioned at variable preloads.
Disadvantage:
Threaded components can fail from Fatigue Failure. [10]
Joints can come loose, requiring re-torqueing.[11]
^Blake, Alexander (1985). Design of mechanical joints. CRC Press. ISBN978-0-8247-7351-9.
^Norton, Robert L. (2008). "2". Design of Machinery (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education. p. 33. ISBN978-0-07-312158-1.
^Robotics Research Group. . University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2009-03-11. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
^Bumbeck, Mike. "Ball Joints - How to Keep Your Front Suspension Together". Mobile Oil. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
^"Your Car's Ball Joints - The Pivotal Part of the System". California Dept. of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive Repair. 2010. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
^Gupta, R.S. Khurmi, J.K. (2008). A textbook of machine design (S.I. units) : [a textbook for the students of B.E. / B.Tech., U.P.S.C. (Engg. Services); Section 'B' of A.M.I.E. (1)] (14th ed.). Ram Nagar, New Delhi: Eurasia Publishing House. ISBN978-81-219-2537-2.
^Bhandari, V.B. (2001). Introduction to machine design. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. ISBN978-0-07-043449-3.
^"Bolted Connections and Advantages of Bolted Connections - Civil Snapshot". 12 November 2017.
^Hudgins, Alex (Aug 2014). "Fatigue of Threaded Fasteners" (PDF). Advanced Materials & Processes – via ASM International.
^"Why Do Fasteners Become Loose? | HARDLOCK Industry". 2015-08-20. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
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This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details May 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message A mechanical joint is a section of a machine which is used to connect one or more mechanical part to another Mechanical joints may be temporary or permanent most types are designed to be disassembled Most mechanical joints are designed to allow relative movement of these mechanical parts of the machine in one degree of freedom and restrict movement in one or more others 1 A knuckle joint on a locomotive seen behind the pin joint of the eccentric crank Ball point pen included for size Contents 1 Pin 2 Prismatic 3 Ball 4 Knuckle 5 Turnbuckle 6 Cotterpin 7 Bolted 8 Screw 9 Universal 10 ReferencesPin EditMain article Revolute jointA pin joint also called a revolute joint is a one degree of freedom kinematic pair It constrains the motion of two bodies to pure rotation along a common axis The joint doesn t allow translation or sliding linear motion This is usually done through a rotary bearing It enforces a cylindrical contact area which makes it a lower kinematic pair also called a full joint Prismatic EditMain article Prismatic joint A prismatic joint provides a linear sliding movement between two bodies and is often called a slider as in the slider crank linkage A prismatic pair is also called as sliding pair A prismatic joint can be formed with a polygonal cross section to resist rotation The relative position of two bodies connected by a prismatic joint is defined by the amount of linear slide of one relative to the other one This one parameter movement identifies this joint as a one degree of freedom kinematic pair 2 Prismatic joints provide single axis sliding often found in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders 3 Ball EditMain article Ball joint In an automobile ball joints are spherical bearings that connect the control arms to the steering knuckles They are used on virtually every automobile made 4 and work similarly to the ball and socket design of the human hip joint 5 A ball joint consists of a bearing stud and socket enclosed in a casing all these parts are made of steel The bearing stud is tapered and threaded and fits into a tapered hole in the steering knuckle A protective encasing prevents dirt from getting into the joint assembly Usually this is a rubber like boot that allows movement and expansion of lubricant Motion control ball joints tend to be retained with an internal spring which helps to prevent vibration problems in the linkage The offset ball joint provides means of movement in systems where thermal expansion and contraction shock seismic motion and torsional motions and forces are present 6 Knuckle EditMain article Knuckle joint mechanical A knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load when there is requirement of a small amount of flexibility or when angular movement is necessary There is always axial or linear line of action of load The knuckle joint assembly consists of the following major components Single eye Double eye or fork Knuckle pin At one end of the rod the a single eye is formed and a double eye is formed at the other end of the rod Both single and double eye are connected by a pin inserted through the eye The pin has a head at one end and at other end there is a taper pin or split pin For gripping purpose the ends of the rod are of octagonal forms Now when the two eyes are pulled apart the pin holds them together The solid rod portion of the joint in this case is much stronger than the portion through which the pin passes 7 The modes of failure are Shear failure of pin single shear Crushing of pin against rod Tensile failure of flat end bar Application Tie rod joint of roof truss Tension link in bridge structure Link of roller chain Tie rod joint of jib crane The knuckle joint is also used in tractor 8 Turnbuckle EditMain article Turnbuckle The buckle or a coupler is a mechanical joint used to connect two members which are subjected to tensile loading which require slight adjustment of length or tension under loaded conditions It consists of central hexagonal nut called coupler and tie rod having right hand and left hand threads A coupler of hexagonal shape is to facilitate the turning of it with a spanner or sometime a hole is provided in the nut so that a tommy bar can be inserted for rotating it As the coupler rotates the tie rods are either pulled together or pushed apart depending upon the direction of the rotation coupler Normally the tie rods are made of steel while the coupler is made of steel or C I Application To tighten the members of the roof truss Used to connect link in a mechanism to transfer motion Used between the two railway wagon or bogies To tighten the cable or stay ropes of electric distribution poles Cotterpin EditMain article Cotter pin This is mainly used to connect rigidly two rods which transmit motion in the axial direction without rotation These joints may be subjected to tensile or compressive forces along the axes of the rods The very famous example is the joining of piston rod s extension with the connecting rod in the cross head assembly Advantages Quick assembly and disassembly is possible It can take tensile as well as compressive force Application Joint between piston rod and cross head of a steam engine Joint between valve rod and its steam A steam engine connecting rod strap end Foundation boltBolted EditMain article Bolted jointA Bolted Joint is a Mechanical Joint which is the most popular choice for connecting two members together It is easy to design and easy to procure parts for making it a very popular design choice for many applications Advantage Joints are easily assembled disassembled by using a torque wrench or other Fastener tooling 9 Clamped members can be axially tensioned at variable preloads Disadvantage Threaded components can fail from Fatigue Failure 10 Joints can come loose requiring re torqueing 11 Application Pipe flanges Automotive engines Wind Power Generator Foundation Bolts 12 Screw EditMain article Screw jointUniversal EditMain article Universal jointReferences Edit Blake Alexander 1985 Design of mechanical joints CRC Press ISBN 978 0 8247 7351 9 Norton Robert L 2008 2 Design of Machinery 4th ed Boston MA McGraw Hill Higher Education p 33 ISBN 978 0 07 312158 1 Robotics Research Group Joint Types University of Texas at Austin Archived from the original on 2009 03 11 Retrieved 2009 02 04 Bumbeck Mike Ball Joints How to Keep Your Front Suspension Together Mobile Oil Retrieved October 10 2012 Your Car s Ball Joints The Pivotal Part of the System California Dept of Consumer Affairs Bureau of Automotive Repair 2010 Retrieved October 10 2012 Industrial Ball Joints Dannenbaum LLC Ball Joints Gupta R S Khurmi J K 2008 A textbook of machine design S I units a textbook for the students of B E B Tech U P S C Engg Services Section B of A M I E 1 14th ed Ram Nagar New Delhi Eurasia Publishing House ISBN 978 81 219 2537 2 Bhandari V B 2001 Introduction to machine design New Delhi Tata McGraw Hill ISBN 978 0 07 043449 3 Bolted Connections and Advantages of Bolted Connections Civil Snapshot 12 November 2017 Hudgins Alex Aug 2014 Fatigue of Threaded Fasteners PDF Advanced Materials amp Processes via ASM International Why Do Fasteners Become Loose HARDLOCK Industry 2015 08 20 Retrieved 2022 03 14 Bolted Joint Bolted Joint And Gasket Interface Measure Bolted Joint Tension Bolted Joint Force Gasket Contact www sensorprod com Retrieved 2022 03 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mechanical joint amp oldid 1082093638, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
