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McDonnell Aircraft Corporation

August 24, 2023

For people with the surname McDonnell, see McDonnell (surname).

The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer based in St. Louis, Missouri. The company was founded on July 6, 1939, by James Smith McDonnell, and was best known for its military fighters, including the F-4 Phantom II, and crewed spacecraft including the Mercury capsule and Gemini capsule. McDonnell Aircraft later merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to form McDonnell Douglas in 1967.

McDonnell Aircraft Corporation
Wordmark used until 1950s[1]
IndustryAerospace
FoundedJuly 6, 1939; 84 years ago (1939-07-06)
FoundersJames Smith McDonnell
DefunctApril 28, 1967; 56 years ago (1967-04-28)
FateMerged with Douglas Aircraft Company
SuccessorMcDonnell Douglas
Headquarters
St. Louis, Missouri
,
United States of America
Key people

History Edit

James McDonnell founded J.S. McDonnell & Associates in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1928 to produce a small aircraft for family use.[2] The economic depression from 1929 ruined his plans and the company collapsed. He went to work for Glenn L. Martin.[3]

He left in 1938 to try again with his own firm, McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, based at St. Louis, Missouri in 1939.[3] World War II was a major boost to the new company. It grew from 15 employees in 1939 to 5,000 at the end of the war and became a significant aircraft parts producer, and developed the XP-67 Bat fighter prototype.[4] McDonnell also developed the LBD-1 Gargoyle guided missile.[5] McDonnell Aircraft suffered after the war with an end of government orders and a surplus of aircraft, and heavily cut its workforce. The advent of the Korean War helped push McDonnell into a major military fighter supply role.

 
An FH-1 Phantom in 1948

In 1943, McDonnell began developing jets when they were invited to bid in a US Navy contest and eventually built the successful FH-1 Phantom in the postwar era. The Phantom introduced McDonnell's telltale design with engines placed forward under the fuselage and exiting just behind the wing, a layout that was used successfully on the F2H Banshee, F3H Demon, and the F-101 Voodoo. David S. Lewis joined the company as Chief of Aerodynamics in 1946. He led the development of the legendary F-4 Phantom II in 1954, which was introduced into service in 1960. Lewis became Executive Vice President in 1958, and finally became President and Chief Operating Officer in 1962.

McDonnell made a number of missiles, including the pioneering Gargoyle and unusual ADM-20 Quail, as well as experimenting with hypersonic flight, research that enabled them to gain a substantial share of the NASA projects Mercury and Gemini. The success of the Mercury capsule led the company adopted a new logo features the capsule circling a globe with the motto "First Free Man in Space".[1] The company was now a major employer, but was having problems. It had almost no civilian business, and was thus vulnerable to any peacetime downturn in procurement.

Meanwhile, Douglas Aircraft was reeling from cash flow problems and development costs. It was also having a hard time meeting demand. The two companies began sounding each other out about a merger in 1963. On paper, they were a good match. Douglas' civilian business would have been more than enough to allow McDonnell to withstand any downturns in military procurement, while the cash flow from McDonnell's military contracts would have given Douglas badly-needed security. Douglas formally accepted McDonnell's offer in December 1966, and the two firms officially merged on April 28, 1967, as the McDonnell Douglas Corporation (MDC). Soon after the merger was announced, McDonnell bought 1.5 million shares of Douglas stock to help Douglas meet "immediate financial requirements".[6] McDonnell management dominated the merged company. It was based at McDonnell's facility in St. Louis, with James McDonnell as chairman and CEO.[7] In 1967, with the merger of McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft, David Lewis, then president of McDonnell, was named chairman of what was called the Douglas Aircraft Division. After managing the turnaround of the division, he returned to St. Louis in 1969 as president of McDonnell Douglas.

McDonnell Douglas later merged with Boeing in August 1997.[8] Boeing's defense and space division includes the part purchased from Rockwell (ROK) in 1986 and is based at the former McDonnell facility in St. Louis, and is responsible for defense and space products and services. McDonnell Douglas' legacy product programs include the F-15 Eagle, AV-8B Harrier II, F/A-18 Hornet, and F/A-18E/F Super Hornet.

Products Edit

 
McDonnell F2H Banshee, F3H Demon, and F4H Phantom II

Aircraft Edit

Model name First flight Number built Type
McDonnell XP-67 1944 1 Prototype twin piston engine interceptor fighter
McDonnell FH Phantom 1945 62 Twin jet engine fighter
McDonnell XHJH-1 Whirlaway 1946 1 Twin piston engine helicopter
McDonnell F2H Banshee 1947 895 Twin jet engine fighter
McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry 1947 2 Prototype twin ramjet light helicopter
McDonnell XF-85 Goblin 1948 2 Prototype single jet engine parasite fighter
McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo 1948 2 Prototype twin jet engine fighter
McDonnell F3H Demon 1951 519 Single jet engine fighter
McDonnell XV-1 1954 2 Experimental single piston engine compound gyroplane
McDonnell F-101 Voodoo 1954 807 Twin jet engine fighter
McDonnell 120 1957 2 Experimental three ramjet light helicopter
McDonnell F-4 Phantom II 1958 5,195[a] Twin jet engine fighter
McDonnell 119[b] 1959 1 Prototype four engine business jet

Crewed Spacecraft Edit

Missiles and others Edit

Aircraft engines Edit

Selected projects Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

Footnotes Edit

  1. ^ This includes aircraft built by McDonnell Douglas and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
  2. ^ Renamed the McDonnell 220.

Notes Edit

  1. ^ a b , McDonnell Douglas, archived from the original on 5 June 1997, retrieved 29 November 2020
  2. ^ J.S. McDonnell & Associates, Early years: 1927-1938 (part 1) 2008-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Boeing.com.
  3. ^ a b J.S. McDonnell & Associates, Early years: 1927-1938 (part 2) 2008-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Boeing.com.
  4. ^ McDonnell Aircraft Corp, The War Years: 1939-1945 (part 1) 2007-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Boeing.com.
  5. ^ McDonnell Aircraft Corp, The War Years: 1939-1945 (part 2) 2007-12-21 at the Wayback Machine, Boeing.com.
  6. ^ "Douglas, McDonnell aircraft firms announce merger plans". The Bulletin. (Bend, Oregon). UPI. January 13, 1967. p. 6.
  7. ^ Wright, Robert (January 26, 1967). "McDonnell and Douglas take a giant step". New York Times. from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
  8. ^ Boeing Chronology, 1997–2001 January 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Boeing
  9. ^ Francillon 1979, p. 45.
  10. ^ Francillon 1979, p. 46.
  11. ^ TD2D/KDD/KDH Katydid

Bibliography Edit

  • Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London:Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to McDonnell aircraft.
  • List of all McDonnell model numbers through 1974

August 24, 2023
mcdonnell, aircraft, corporation, people, with, surname, mcdonnell, mcdonnell, surname, american, aerospace, manufacturer, based, louis, missouri, company, founded, july, 1939, james, smith, mcdonnell, best, known, military, fighters, including, phantom, crewe. For people with the surname McDonnell see McDonnell surname The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer based in St Louis Missouri The company was founded on July 6 1939 by James Smith McDonnell and was best known for its military fighters including the F 4 Phantom II and crewed spacecraft including the Mercury capsule and Gemini capsule McDonnell Aircraft later merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to form McDonnell Douglas in 1967 McDonnell Aircraft CorporationWordmark used until 1950s 1 IndustryAerospaceFoundedJuly 6 1939 84 years ago 1939 07 06 FoundersJames Smith McDonnellDefunctApril 28 1967 56 years ago 1967 04 28 FateMerged with Douglas Aircraft CompanySuccessorMcDonnell DouglasHeadquartersSt Louis Missouri United States of AmericaKey peopleDavid S LewisSanford N McDonnell Contents 1 History 2 Products 2 1 Aircraft 2 2 Crewed Spacecraft 2 3 Missiles and others 2 4 Aircraft engines 2 5 Selected projects 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Footnotes 4 2 Notes 4 3 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory EditJames McDonnell founded J S McDonnell amp Associates in Milwaukee Wisconsin in 1928 to produce a small aircraft for family use 2 The economic depression from 1929 ruined his plans and the company collapsed He went to work for Glenn L Martin 3 He left in 1938 to try again with his own firm McDonnell Aircraft Corporation based at St Louis Missouri in 1939 3 World War II was a major boost to the new company It grew from 15 employees in 1939 to 5 000 at the end of the war and became a significant aircraft parts producer and developed the XP 67 Bat fighter prototype 4 McDonnell also developed the LBD 1 Gargoyle guided missile 5 McDonnell Aircraft suffered after the war with an end of government orders and a surplus of aircraft and heavily cut its workforce The advent of the Korean War helped push McDonnell into a major military fighter supply role An FH 1 Phantom in 1948In 1943 McDonnell began developing jets when they were invited to bid in a US Navy contest and eventually built the successful FH 1 Phantom in the postwar era The Phantom introduced McDonnell s telltale design with engines placed forward under the fuselage and exiting just behind the wing a layout that was used successfully on the F2H Banshee F3H Demon and the F 101 Voodoo David S Lewis joined the company as Chief of Aerodynamics in 1946 He led the development of the legendary F 4 Phantom II in 1954 which was introduced into service in 1960 Lewis became Executive Vice President in 1958 and finally became President and Chief Operating Officer in 1962 McDonnell made a number of missiles including the pioneering Gargoyle and unusual ADM 20 Quail as well as experimenting with hypersonic flight research that enabled them to gain a substantial share of the NASA projects Mercury and Gemini The success of the Mercury capsule led the company adopted a new logo features the capsule circling a globe with the motto First Free Man in Space 1 The company was now a major employer but was having problems It had almost no civilian business and was thus vulnerable to any peacetime downturn in procurement Meanwhile Douglas Aircraft was reeling from cash flow problems and development costs It was also having a hard time meeting demand The two companies began sounding each other out about a merger in 1963 On paper they were a good match Douglas civilian business would have been more than enough to allow McDonnell to withstand any downturns in military procurement while the cash flow from McDonnell s military contracts would have given Douglas badly needed security Douglas formally accepted McDonnell s offer in December 1966 and the two firms officially merged on April 28 1967 as the McDonnell Douglas Corporation MDC Soon after the merger was announced McDonnell bought 1 5 million shares of Douglas stock to help Douglas meet immediate financial requirements 6 McDonnell management dominated the merged company It was based at McDonnell s facility in St Louis with James McDonnell as chairman and CEO 7 In 1967 with the merger of McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft David Lewis then president of McDonnell was named chairman of what was called the Douglas Aircraft Division After managing the turnaround of the division he returned to St Louis in 1969 as president of McDonnell Douglas McDonnell Douglas later merged with Boeing in August 1997 8 Boeing s defense and space division includes the part purchased from Rockwell ROK in 1986 and is based at the former McDonnell facility in St Louis and is responsible for defense and space products and services McDonnell Douglas legacy product programs include the F 15 Eagle AV 8B Harrier II F A 18 Hornet and F A 18E F Super Hornet Products Edit McDonnell F2H Banshee F3H Demon and F4H Phantom IIAircraft Edit Model name First flight Number built TypeMcDonnell XP 67 1944 1 Prototype twin piston engine interceptor fighterMcDonnell FH Phantom 1945 62 Twin jet engine fighterMcDonnell XHJH 1 Whirlaway 1946 1 Twin piston engine helicopterMcDonnell F2H Banshee 1947 895 Twin jet engine fighterMcDonnell XH 20 Little Henry 1947 2 Prototype twin ramjet light helicopterMcDonnell XF 85 Goblin 1948 2 Prototype single jet engine parasite fighterMcDonnell XF 88 Voodoo 1948 2 Prototype twin jet engine fighterMcDonnell F3H Demon 1951 519 Single jet engine fighterMcDonnell XV 1 1954 2 Experimental single piston engine compound gyroplaneMcDonnell F 101 Voodoo 1954 807 Twin jet engine fighterMcDonnell 120 1957 2 Experimental three ramjet light helicopterMcDonnell F 4 Phantom II 1958 5 195 a Twin jet engine fighterMcDonnell 119 b 1959 1 Prototype four engine business jetCrewed Spacecraft Edit Mercury capsule 9 Gemini capsule 10 ASSET spaceplaneMissiles and others Edit ADM 20 Quail LBD Gargoyle TD2D KDD KDH Katydid target drone 1942 11 Aircraft engines Edit PJ42 pulse jet engineSelected projects Edit McDonnell HRH two engine compound gyroplane transport for US Marine Corps 1950 McDonnell HCH two engine heavy lift helicopter for US Navy 1952 McDonnell 188 four engine short takeoff and landing STOL transport proposed licensed production of Breguet 941 1961See also EditSanford N McDonnell nephew of founder and later President 1971 CEO 1972 and Chair 1980 of McDonnell Douglas References EditFootnotes Edit This includes aircraft built by McDonnell Douglas and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Renamed the McDonnell 220 Notes Edit a b McDonnell Douglas Logo History McDonnell Douglas archived from the original on 5 June 1997 retrieved 29 November 2020 J S McDonnell amp Associates Early years 1927 1938 part 1 Archived 2008 01 04 at the Wayback Machine Boeing com a b J S McDonnell amp Associates Early years 1927 1938 part 2 Archived 2008 01 04 at the Wayback Machine Boeing com McDonnell Aircraft Corp The War Years 1939 1945 part 1 Archived 2007 07 07 at the Wayback Machine Boeing com McDonnell Aircraft Corp The War Years 1939 1945 part 2 Archived 2007 12 21 at the Wayback Machine Boeing com Douglas McDonnell aircraft firms announce merger plans The Bulletin Bend Oregon UPI January 13 1967 p 6 Wright Robert January 26 1967 McDonnell and Douglas take a giant step New York Times Archived from the original on June 5 2011 Retrieved January 7 2010 Boeing Chronology 1997 2001 Archived January 2 2013 at the Wayback Machine Boeing Francillon 1979 p 45 Francillon 1979 p 46 TD2D KDD KDH Katydid Bibliography Edit Francillon Rene J McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920 London Putnam 1979 ISBN 0 370 00050 1 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to McDonnell aircraft McDonnell Aircraft history 1939 45 McDonnell Aircraft history 1946 56 McDonnell Aircraft history 1957 67 McDonnell Gemini Space Program 1963 1966 List of all McDonnell model numbers through 1974 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title McDonnell Aircraft Corporation amp oldid 1170470576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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