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Mauretania Caesariensis

February 16, 2024

Mauretania Caesariensis (Latin for "Caesarean Mauretania") was a Roman province located in what is now Algeria.[1] The full name refers to its capital Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell).

Provincia Mauretania Caesariensis
Province of the Roman Empire
42 AD–Late 7th Century

The province of Mauretania Caesariensis within the Roman Empire, c. AD 125
CapitalCaesarea
Historical eraClassical antiquity, Late Antiquity
• Incorporated into the Roman Empire as a full province
42 AD
• Vandal Conquest
430s AD
• Byzantine partial reconquest by Vandalic War
534 AD
Late 7th Century
Today part ofAlgeria

The province had been part of the Kingdom of Mauretania and named for the Mauri people who lived there. Formerly an independent kingdom, and later a client state of Rome, it was annexed into the Empire formally during the reign of Claudius and divided into two provinces about 42 AD. A third province, named Mauretania Sitifensis, was later split off from the eastern portion during the reign of Diocletian in 293 AD. During and after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, most of the hinterland area was lost, first to the Vandal Kingdom and later to the Mauro-Roman Kingdom, with Roman administration limited to the capital of Caesarea. The land was reconquered by Rome during the reign of Justinian. This province was a part of Praetorian prefecture of Africa, later Exarchate of Africa. The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb brought an end to Roman rule in Mauretania, permanently this time, which became ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate as part of Medieval Muslim Algeria.

History edit

 
The Roman Empire in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117–138), showing the imperial province of Mauretania Caesariensis (roughly modern Algeria, in the Maghreb)

In the middle of 1st century AD, Roman emperor Claudius divided the westernmost Roman province in Africa, named Mauretania (land of the Mauri people, hence the word Moors), into Mauretania Caesariensis (named after its capital, one of many cities simply named Caesarea after the imperial cognomen that had become a title) and Mauretania Tingitana.

Mauretania Caesariensis included eight colonies founded by the Emperor Augustus: Cartennas, Gunugu, Igilgili, Rusguniae, Rusazu, Saldae, Zuccabar, Tubusuctu; two by the Emperor Claudius: Caesarea formerly the capital of Juba, who gave it this name in honour of his patron Augustus, and Oppidum Novum; one by the Emperor Nerva: Setifis; and in later times, Arsenaria, Bida, Siga, Aquae Calidae, Quiza Xenitana, Rusucurru, Auzia, Gilva, Icosium and Tipasa in all 21 well-known colonies, besides several municipia and oppida Latina.

Under Diocletian's Tetrarchy reform, the easternmost part was broken off from Mauretania Caesariensis as a separate small province, Mauretania Sitifensis, called after its inland capital Sitifis (now Sétif) with a significant port at Saldae (presently Béjaïa).[2]

At the time of Diocletian and Constantine the Great, both Sitifensis and Caesariensis were assigned to the administrative Diocese of Africa, under the Praetorian prefecture of Italy, while Tingitana belonged to the Diocese of Hispania under the Praetorian prefecture of Gaul, so it was an enclave separate from the European territory of Diocese and Prefecture it belonged to.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, a Germanic Vandal Kingdom was founded, but the remaining Eastern Empire (now known to historians as the Byzantine Empire) recaptured the area around 533, but most of Mauretania Caesariensis remained under the control of local Moorish rulers such as Mastigas, and it was not until the 560s and 570s that Byzantine control was established inland.

During the reign of Maurice, the empire was reorganized and a number of Exarchates were founded, among them the Exarchate of Africa which included Mauretania, among other territories. Mauretania Sitifensis was re-merged back into this province, and was granted the name "Mauretania Prima".

The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb for the caliphate under the Umayyad dynasty meant the end of the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa and Late Antique Roman culture there and Mauretania Caesariensis became part of the westernmost Islamic province called Maghreb.[citation needed]

Economy edit

The principal exports from Caesariensis were purple dyes and valuable woods; and the Amazigh or Mauri were highly regarded by the Romans as soldiers, especially light cavalry. They produced one of Trajan's best generals, Lusius Quietus, and the emperor Macrinus.

Religion edit

Caesarea was a major center of Judaism before 330, and Sitifis was one of the centres of the soldier cult of Mithraic mysteries. Christianity spread throughout in the 4th and 5th centuries.

Among the ruling class, Trinitarian Christianity was replaced by Arianism under the Germanic kingdom of the Vandals, which was established in 430, when the Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar.

Episcopal sees edit

Ancient episcopal sees of Mauretania Caesariensis listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:[3]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Michael Brett (2013). Approaching African History. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-84701-063-6.
  2. ^ Map of Mauretania Sitifensis (in blue color) and Mauretania Caesariensis (in light brown color)
  3. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013

Sources edit

  • Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgschichte (in German)

February 16, 2024
mauretania, caesariensis, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, j. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mauretania Caesariensis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mauretania Caesariensis Latin for Caesarean Mauretania was a Roman province located in what is now Algeria 1 The full name refers to its capital Caesarea Mauretaniae modern Cherchell Provincia Mauretania CaesariensisProvince of the Roman Empire42 AD Late 7th CenturyThe province of Mauretania Caesariensis within the Roman Empire c AD 125CapitalCaesareaHistorical eraClassical antiquity Late Antiquity Incorporated into the Roman Empire as a full province42 AD Vandal Conquest430s AD Byzantine partial reconquest by Vandalic War534 AD Muslim conquestLate 7th CenturyPreceded by Succeeded byMauretaniaVandal Kingdom Vandal KingdomUmayyad CaliphateToday part ofAlgeriaThe province had been part of the Kingdom of Mauretania and named for the Mauri people who lived there Formerly an independent kingdom and later a client state of Rome it was annexed into the Empire formally during the reign of Claudius and divided into two provinces about 42 AD A third province named Mauretania Sitifensis was later split off from the eastern portion during the reign of Diocletian in 293 AD During and after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century most of the hinterland area was lost first to the Vandal Kingdom and later to the Mauro Roman Kingdom with Roman administration limited to the capital of Caesarea The land was reconquered by Rome during the reign of Justinian This province was a part of Praetorian prefecture of Africa later Exarchate of Africa The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb brought an end to Roman rule in Mauretania permanently this time which became ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate as part of Medieval Muslim Algeria Contents 1 History 2 Economy 3 Religion 3 1 Episcopal sees 4 See also 5 References 5 1 SourcesHistory edit nbsp The Roman Empire in the time of Hadrian ruled 117 138 showing the imperial province of Mauretania Caesariensis roughly modern Algeria in the Maghreb In the middle of 1st century AD Roman emperor Claudius divided the westernmost Roman province in Africa named Mauretania land of the Mauri people hence the word Moors into Mauretania Caesariensis named after its capital one of many cities simply named Caesarea after the imperial cognomen that had become a title and Mauretania Tingitana Mauretania Caesariensis included eight colonies founded by the Emperor Augustus Cartennas Gunugu Igilgili Rusguniae Rusazu Saldae Zuccabar Tubusuctu two by the Emperor Claudius Caesarea formerly the capital of Juba who gave it this name in honour of his patron Augustus and Oppidum Novum one by the Emperor Nerva Setifis and in later times Arsenaria Bida Siga Aquae Calidae Quiza Xenitana Rusucurru Auzia Gilva Icosium and Tipasa in all 21 well known colonies besides several municipia and oppida Latina Under Diocletian s Tetrarchy reform the easternmost part was broken off from Mauretania Caesariensis as a separate small province Mauretania Sitifensis called after its inland capital Sitifis now Setif with a significant port at Saldae presently Bejaia 2 At the time of Diocletian and Constantine the Great both Sitifensis and Caesariensis were assigned to the administrative Diocese of Africa under the Praetorian prefecture of Italy while Tingitana belonged to the Diocese of Hispania under the Praetorian prefecture of Gaul so it was an enclave separate from the European territory of Diocese and Prefecture it belonged to After the fall of the Western Roman Empire a Germanic Vandal Kingdom was founded but the remaining Eastern Empire now known to historians as the Byzantine Empire recaptured the area around 533 but most of Mauretania Caesariensis remained under the control of local Moorish rulers such as Mastigas and it was not until the 560s and 570s that Byzantine control was established inland During the reign of Maurice the empire was reorganized and a number of Exarchates were founded among them the Exarchate of Africa which included Mauretania among other territories Mauretania Sitifensis was re merged back into this province and was granted the name Mauretania Prima The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb for the caliphate under the Umayyad dynasty meant the end of the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa and Late Antique Roman culture there and Mauretania Caesariensis became part of the westernmost Islamic province called Maghreb citation needed Economy editThe principal exports from Caesariensis were purple dyes and valuable woods and the Amazigh or Mauri were highly regarded by the Romans as soldiers especially light cavalry They produced one of Trajan s best generals Lusius Quietus and the emperor Macrinus Religion editCaesarea was a major center of Judaism before 330 and Sitifis was one of the centres of the soldier cult of Mithraic mysteries Christianity spread throughout in the 4th and 5th centuries Among the ruling class Trinitarian Christianity was replaced by Arianism under the Germanic kingdom of the Vandals which was established in 430 when the Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar Episcopal sees edit Ancient episcopal sees of Mauretania Caesariensis listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees 3 Ala Miliaria Beniane Albulae Altava Ouled Mimoun Hadjar Er Roum Amaura Amourah Ambia near Hammam Bou Hanifia Aquae in Mauretania Hammam Righa District Aquae Sirenses ruins at Hammam Bou Hanifia Arena Bou Saada Arsennaria Bou Ras Auzia Aumale Sour Khazlam Bacanaria Baliana L Hillil Bapara near the promontory of Ksila Benepota Bida ruins of Djemaa Sahridj Caesarea in Mauretania now Cherchell the Metropolitan Archbishopric Caltadria Capra Caput Cilla ruins of El Gouea Cartennae Castellum Ripae ruins of Hadjar Ouaghef Castellum Tatroportus Castellum Tingitii Al Asnam Castellum Iabar Castellum Medianum Castellum Minus Colea near Algiers Castra Nova Mohammadia Castra Severiana Lalla Marnia Chanzy Sidi Ali Ben Joub Catabum Castra Saint Aime Djidioua Catrum Catula Oued Damous Cenae Kenais Islands Cissi Djinet Columnata Khemisti Corniculana Elephantaria in Mauretania ruins at El Harrach Fallaba Djelfa Fidoloma Flenucleta Floriana Mauritania Letourneux Derrag Flumenzer Bou Medfa Fronta Giru Mons ruins of Yerroum Gratianopolis Gunugus Sidi Brahim Gypsaria Honein Ida in Mauretania Igilgilli in the valley of Bou Sellam Iomnium port at Tzigiri Ita Iunca in Mauretania Lamdia Medea Lari Castellum Imilaen Maiuca Malliana Khemis Miliana Manaccenser in the region of Cherchell Masuccaba Maturba Maura Douelt Zerga Mauriana Maxita in the region of Al Asnam Media Mina ruins near Rezilane Muteci near Ain El Anab Nabala Nasbinca Noba Novica ruins of Ain Nouissy Numida in the territory of Amoura cfr supra Amaura Obbi Mauretania Obori Sidi Fredj Oppidum Novum Ain Defla Panatoria Pomaria Tlemcen Rapidum Masqueray Sour Djouab Regiae Arbal Reperi Rusada Azeffoun Rusguniae Tamentfoust Rusubbicari Mers El Hadjadj Rusubisir in the territory of Tiza Rusuccuru Satafi Sereddeli Serta it Sesta it Sfasferia Siccesi ruins of Takembrit Sinnada in Mauretania ruins of Kenada Sita in the west of the province Subbar Sufar Sufasar Amourah Summula Tabaicara Tabla Tablat Tablast Taborenta ruins near Saida Tabunia Tamada Ain Tamda near Masqueray Tamazuca ruins of Grimidi Tanaramusa Mousaiaville El Hadjeab Berrouaghia Tasaccora Sigi Tatilti Souk El Khemis Tigamibena Tigava El Kherba Tigisis between Dellys and Taourga Timici Timsionin Timidana Tingaria Tiaret Tipasa in Mauretania Tubia ruins of Henchir Toubia Tubunae in Mauretania Turris in Mauretania Tuscamia Ubaba Usinaza Seneg Vagal Mauritania near the ruins of Sidi Ben Thiour Vanariona ruins of Ksar Tyr Vannida Vardimissa near Medjana Villa Nova Mauritania Vissalsa on the Oued Melah river Voncaria ruins of Boghar Voncariana near the ruins of Boghasi Vulturia ruins at the Falco promontory ZucchabarSee also editNotitia DignitatumReferences edit Michael Brett 2013 Approaching African History Boydell amp Brewer Ltd p 120 ISBN 978 1 84701 063 6 Map of Mauretania Sitifensis in blue color and Mauretania Caesariensis in light brown color Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 Sedi titolari pp 819 1013 Sources edit Westermann Grosser Atlas zur Weltgschichte in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mauretania Caesariensis amp oldid 1191782761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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