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Maudsley Hospital

April 09, 2024

The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London. The Maudsley is the largest mental health training institution in the UK. It is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and works in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London.[1] The hospital was one of the originating institutions in producing the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines. It is part of the King's Health Partners academic health science centre and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health.[2]

Maudsley Hospital
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Maudsley Hospital
Location within Southwark
Geography
LocationDenmark Hill, London, England, United Kingdom
Organisation
Care systemNational Health Service
TypeSpecialist
Affiliated universityKing's College London
Services
Emergency departmentVia hospital A&E
Beds250
SpecialityPsychiatric hospital
History
Opened1923
Links
Websitewww.slam.nhs.uk/our-services/hospital-care/maudsley-hospital

History edit

Early history edit

The Maudsley story dates from 1907, when once leading Victorian psychiatrist Henry Maudsley offered London County Council £30,000 (apparently earned from lucrative private practice in the West End) to help found a new mental hospital that would be exclusively for early and acute cases rather than chronic cases, have an out-patients' clinic and provide for teaching and research.[3] Maudsley's associate Frederick Walker Mott had proposed the original idea and he conducted the negotiations, with Maudsley remaining anonymous until the offer was accepted. Mott, a neuropathologist, had been influenced by a visit to Emil Kraepelin's psychiatric clinic with attached postgraduate teaching facilities in Munich, Germany.[4] The Council agreed to contribute half the building costs - eventually rising to £70,000 - and then covered the running costs which were almost twice as high per bed as the large asylums. The hospital also incorporated the Central Pathological Laboratory, transferred from Claybury Hospital, run by Mott.[4] Construction of the hospital was completed in 1915.[3] An Act of Parliament had to be obtained, that year, to allow the institution to accept voluntary patients without needing to certify them as insane.[3]

However, before it could open, the building was requisitioned to treat war veterans.[3] After the war it was returned to the control of London County Council and it finally opened as the Maudsley Hospital in February 1923.[3] The first superintendent was psychiatrist Edward Mapother, while Frederick Golla took over the running of the pathology lab from Mott. Both were more sceptical of the Kraepelinian categories of diagnosis, and took a more pragmatic and eclectic view on causation and treatment. Psychiatrist Mary Barkas worked here between 1923 and 1927 in the children's department established by William Dawson.[5]

In the interwar period the Maudsley Hospital engaged in widespread experimentation with animal hormones, both in small doses to rectify supposed deficits and in overdoses as a shock therapy.[6] Numerous psychoactive drugs and procedures were tried out, in what has been described as 'unconstrained experimentation'. One of those involved, as a trainee and then junior doctor, was the controversial William Sargant.[7] The hospital's nursing staff comprised a matron, assistant matron, six sisters and 19 staff nurses with at least three years general hospital training, supported by 23 probationers and 12 male nurses. It had a good reputation for training nurses and some applicants even travelled overseas to train there. A report (held at Bethlem's Archives & Museum) from a nurse who trained at the Maudsley shows some of the work of a new trainee: "Apart from observation and simple treatment, nurses are trained in special investigations and therapy. They carry out many of the routine psychometric tests, help as technicians in the ward laboratories, and are instructors in occupational therapy".[8]

The Maudsley Hospital Medical School was established in 1924 and eventually became a well-respected teaching centre. In 1932, Mapother described it as "the main postgraduate school of mental medicine in England." The Maudsley Hospital had initially struggled to secure funding from the Medical Research Council, and, to undertake further research and develop the Medical School, but a substantial grant was obtained in 1938 from American charity the Rockefeller Foundation.[9] Originally, there was no provision for the treatment of children and the rapid growth in this patient population was unforeseen. A child guidance clinic was set up under the directorship of Dr William Moodie, the deputy medical superintendent, in 1928.[3] The late 1920s and 1930s saw a rapid growth in the number of patients treated: this growth led to an ongoing building programme including a secure unit, completed in 1931, and an out-patients department, completed in 1933.[3]

Links with eugenic research edit

Both Mapother and then deputy Aubrey Lewis supported involuntary eugenic sterilisation, unequivocally recommending it to the Brock Committee in 1932. Lewis was a member of the Eugenics Society and a 1934 chapter he authored is "remarkable for its total admiration for the German work and workers".[10] With the spread of National Socialist (Nazi) laws in Germany from 1933, however, they decried the Nazi conflation of therapy and punishment, a move partly attributed to political and funding expediency. The Maudsley maintained its links with Germany, taking on both pro-Nazis and Jewish emigres through fellowships provided by the Commonwealth Fund and, after 1935, large scale funds from the American Rockefeller Foundation. Eliot Slater continued to visit Munich through the 1930s and contributed to academic festivities honouring Nazi eugenicist Ernst Rudin. During this time, Maudsley psychiatry developed a distinctive combination of practical experimentation and intellectual scepticism.[7][11] Influential psychiatrist Aubrey Lewis became clinical director of the Maudsley in 1936.[12][13]

At the outbreak of the Second World War, and with the threat of air-raids, the Maudsley Hospital closed and staff dispersed to two locations: a temporary hospital at Mill Hill School in north London and Belmont Hospital in Sutton, Surrey.[3] Staff returned to the Maudsley site in 1945 and three years later the Maudsley joined up with the Bethlem Royal Hospital to become partners in the newly established National Health Service (NHS).[3]

Post-war edit

In the 1960s a group from the Maudsley Hospital attacked the use of lithium for mood disorders. The head, Aubrey Lewis, called it "dangerous nonsense", and colleagues published that it was therapeutically ineffective. Their objections have recently been described as 'poorly grounded' and having steered practitioners away from a beneficial agent.[14] In 1999, the Maudsley Hospital became part of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust ("SLaM"), along with the Bethlem Royal Hospital.[3]

Services edit

The trust manages one of the UK's few biomedical research centres specialising in mental health. The centre, managed in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, is based on the Maudsley Hospital campus and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).[2]

Media edit

In 2013 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (‘SLaM’) took part in a Channel 4 observational documentary entitled Bedlam. The final programme, "Breakdown", focused on older adults, including those admitted to the Older Adults Ward at Maudsley Hospital.[15]

Notable staff edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . slam.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Welcome". Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Maudsley Hospital". Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  4. ^ a b Jones, E; Rahman, S; Woolven, R (2007). "The Maudsley Hospital: design and strategic direction, 1923–1939". Med Hist. 51 (3): 357–78. doi:10.1017/s0025727300001484. PMC 1894884. PMID 17603658.
  5. ^ "Mary Barkas (1889–1959)". Psychoanalytikerinnen. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  6. ^ Evans, B; Jones, E (2012). "Organ extracts and the development of psychiatry: hormonal treatments at the Maudsley Hospital 1923-1938". J Hist Behav Sci. 48 (3): 251–76. doi:10.1002/jhbs.21548. PMC 3594693. PMID 22644956.
  7. ^ a b Roelcke, Volker; Weindling, Paul J.; Westwood, Louise (2010). Chapter 4: Germany and the Making of "English" Psychiatry: The Maudsley Hospital, 1908–1939. Boydell & Brewer, University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580463393. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "Our history:1900-2000". South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  9. ^ Marion, DW; Darby, J; Yonas, H (1991). "Acute regional cerebral blood flow changes caused by severe head injuries". J Neurosurg. 74 (3): 407–14. doi:10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0407. PMID 1899694.
  10. ^ Mazumdar, Pauline (2005). The Eugenics Society, Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain. Routledge. p. 213. ISBN 978-0415044240.
  11. ^ Felder, Björn M.; Weindling, Paul J. (2013). Baltic Eugenics: Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918–1940 : 3. Eliot Slater and the Institutionalization of Psychiatric Genetics in the United Kingdom. Rodopi. ISBN 978-9042037229.
  12. ^ Jones, E (2003). "Aubrey Lewis, Edward Mapother and the Maudsley". Med Hist Suppl. 47 (22): 3–38. doi:10.1017/S0025727300073415. PMC 2531006. PMID 15915727.
  13. ^ "Aubrey Julian (Sir) Lewis". Royal College of Physicians. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  14. ^ Shorter, E (2009). "The history of lithium therapy". Bipolar Disord. 11 (Suppl 2): 4–9. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00706.x. PMC 3712976. PMID 19538681.
  15. ^ "Welcome to Bedlam on C4". South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  16. ^ Barker, Phil (8 January 2002). "Annie Altschul". The Guardian.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maudsley Hospital.
  • Official website  
  • Maudsley Hospital on the NHS website
  • Care Quality Commission inspection reports
  • Maudsley Health (Abu Dhabi, UAE) is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust

51°28′08″N 00°05′28″W / 51.46889°N 0.09111°W / 51.46889; -0.09111

April 09, 2024
maudsley, hospital, british, psychiatric, hospital, south, london, maudsley, largest, mental, health, training, institution, part, south, london, maudsley, foundation, trust, works, partnership, with, institute, psychiatry, king, college, london, hospital, ori. The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London The Maudsley is the largest mental health training institution in the UK It is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and works in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry King s College London 1 The hospital was one of the originating institutions in producing the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines It is part of the King s Health Partners academic health science centre and the National Institute for Health and Care Research NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health 2 Maudsley HospitalSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustMaudsley HospitalLocation within SouthwarkGeographyLocationDenmark Hill London England United KingdomOrganisationCare systemNational Health ServiceTypeSpecialistAffiliated universityKing s College LondonServicesEmergency departmentVia hospital A amp EBeds250SpecialityPsychiatric hospitalHistoryOpened1923LinksWebsitewww wbr slam wbr nhs wbr uk wbr our services wbr hospital care wbr maudsley hospital Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Links with eugenic research 1 3 Post war 2 Services 3 Media 4 Notable staff 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editEarly history edit The Maudsley story dates from 1907 when once leading Victorian psychiatrist Henry Maudsley offered London County Council 30 000 apparently earned from lucrative private practice in the West End to help found a new mental hospital that would be exclusively for early and acute cases rather than chronic cases have an out patients clinic and provide for teaching and research 3 Maudsley s associate Frederick Walker Mott had proposed the original idea and he conducted the negotiations with Maudsley remaining anonymous until the offer was accepted Mott a neuropathologist had been influenced by a visit to Emil Kraepelin s psychiatric clinic with attached postgraduate teaching facilities in Munich Germany 4 The Council agreed to contribute half the building costs eventually rising to 70 000 and then covered the running costs which were almost twice as high per bed as the large asylums The hospital also incorporated the Central Pathological Laboratory transferred from Claybury Hospital run by Mott 4 Construction of the hospital was completed in 1915 3 An Act of Parliament had to be obtained that year to allow the institution to accept voluntary patients without needing to certify them as insane 3 However before it could open the building was requisitioned to treat war veterans 3 After the war it was returned to the control of London County Council and it finally opened as the Maudsley Hospital in February 1923 3 The first superintendent was psychiatrist Edward Mapother while Frederick Golla took over the running of the pathology lab from Mott Both were more sceptical of the Kraepelinian categories of diagnosis and took a more pragmatic and eclectic view on causation and treatment Psychiatrist Mary Barkas worked here between 1923 and 1927 in the children s department established by William Dawson 5 In the interwar period the Maudsley Hospital engaged in widespread experimentation with animal hormones both in small doses to rectify supposed deficits and in overdoses as a shock therapy 6 Numerous psychoactive drugs and procedures were tried out in what has been described as unconstrained experimentation One of those involved as a trainee and then junior doctor was the controversial William Sargant 7 The hospital s nursing staff comprised a matron assistant matron six sisters and 19 staff nurses with at least three years general hospital training supported by 23 probationers and 12 male nurses It had a good reputation for training nurses and some applicants even travelled overseas to train there A report held at Bethlem s Archives amp Museum from a nurse who trained at the Maudsley shows some of the work of a new trainee Apart from observation and simple treatment nurses are trained in special investigations and therapy They carry out many of the routine psychometric tests help as technicians in the ward laboratories and are instructors in occupational therapy 8 The Maudsley Hospital Medical School was established in 1924 and eventually became a well respected teaching centre In 1932 Mapother described it as the main postgraduate school of mental medicine in England The Maudsley Hospital had initially struggled to secure funding from the Medical Research Council and to undertake further research and develop the Medical School but a substantial grant was obtained in 1938 from American charity the Rockefeller Foundation 9 Originally there was no provision for the treatment of children and the rapid growth in this patient population was unforeseen A child guidance clinic was set up under the directorship of Dr William Moodie the deputy medical superintendent in 1928 3 The late 1920s and 1930s saw a rapid growth in the number of patients treated this growth led to an ongoing building programme including a secure unit completed in 1931 and an out patients department completed in 1933 3 Links with eugenic research edit Both Mapother and then deputy Aubrey Lewis supported involuntary eugenic sterilisation unequivocally recommending it to the Brock Committee in 1932 Lewis was a member of the Eugenics Society and a 1934 chapter he authored is remarkable for its total admiration for the German work and workers 10 With the spread of National Socialist Nazi laws in Germany from 1933 however they decried the Nazi conflation of therapy and punishment a move partly attributed to political and funding expediency The Maudsley maintained its links with Germany taking on both pro Nazis and Jewish emigres through fellowships provided by the Commonwealth Fund and after 1935 large scale funds from the American Rockefeller Foundation Eliot Slater continued to visit Munich through the 1930s and contributed to academic festivities honouring Nazi eugenicist Ernst Rudin During this time Maudsley psychiatry developed a distinctive combination of practical experimentation and intellectual scepticism 7 11 Influential psychiatrist Aubrey Lewis became clinical director of the Maudsley in 1936 12 13 At the outbreak of the Second World War and with the threat of air raids the Maudsley Hospital closed and staff dispersed to two locations a temporary hospital at Mill Hill School in north London and Belmont Hospital in Sutton Surrey 3 Staff returned to the Maudsley site in 1945 and three years later the Maudsley joined up with the Bethlem Royal Hospital to become partners in the newly established National Health Service NHS 3 Post war edit In the 1960s a group from the Maudsley Hospital attacked the use of lithium for mood disorders The head Aubrey Lewis called it dangerous nonsense and colleagues published that it was therapeutically ineffective Their objections have recently been described as poorly grounded and having steered practitioners away from a beneficial agent 14 In 1999 the Maudsley Hospital became part of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust SLaM along with the Bethlem Royal Hospital 3 Services editThe trust manages one of the UK s few biomedical research centres specialising in mental health The centre managed in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry King s College London is based on the Maudsley Hospital campus and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research NIHR 2 Media editIn 2013 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust SLaM took part in a Channel 4 observational documentary entitled Bedlam The final programme Breakdown focused on older adults including those admitted to the Older Adults Ward at Maudsley Hospital 15 Notable staff editAnnie Altschul CBE pioneer of mental health nursing in the UK 16 See also editHealthcare in London List of hospitals in England King s Health PartnersReferences edit Who we are slam nhs uk Archived from the original on 4 February 2009 Retrieved 23 January 2010 a b Welcome Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre Retrieved 25 June 2018 a b c d e f g h i j Maudsley Hospital Retrieved 25 June 2018 a b Jones E Rahman S Woolven R 2007 The Maudsley Hospital design and strategic direction 1923 1939 Med Hist 51 3 357 78 doi 10 1017 s0025727300001484 PMC 1894884 PMID 17603658 Mary Barkas 1889 1959 Psychoanalytikerinnen Retrieved 9 December 2016 Evans B Jones E 2012 Organ extracts and the development of psychiatry hormonal treatments at the Maudsley Hospital 1923 1938 J Hist Behav Sci 48 3 251 76 doi 10 1002 jhbs 21548 PMC 3594693 PMID 22644956 a b Roelcke Volker Weindling Paul J Westwood Louise 2010 Chapter 4 Germany and the Making of English Psychiatry The Maudsley Hospital 1908 1939 Boydell amp Brewer University of Rochester Press ISBN 9781580463393 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Our history 1900 2000 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Retrieved 25 June 2018 Marion DW Darby J Yonas H 1991 Acute regional cerebral blood flow changes caused by severe head injuries J Neurosurg 74 3 407 14 doi 10 3171 jns 1991 74 3 0407 PMID 1899694 Mazumdar Pauline 2005 The Eugenics Society Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain Routledge p 213 ISBN 978 0415044240 Felder Bjorn M Weindling Paul J 2013 Baltic Eugenics Bio Politics Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia Latvia and Lithuania 1918 1940 3 Eliot Slater and the Institutionalization of Psychiatric Genetics in the United Kingdom Rodopi ISBN 978 9042037229 Jones E 2003 Aubrey Lewis Edward Mapother and the Maudsley Med Hist Suppl 47 22 3 38 doi 10 1017 S0025727300073415 PMC 2531006 PMID 15915727 Aubrey Julian Sir Lewis Royal College of Physicians Retrieved 25 June 2018 Shorter E 2009 The history of lithium therapy Bipolar Disord 11 Suppl 2 4 9 doi 10 1111 j 1399 5618 2009 00706 x PMC 3712976 PMID 19538681 Welcome to Bedlam on C4 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Retrieved 22 June 2018 Barker Phil 8 January 2002 Annie Altschul The Guardian External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maudsley Hospital Official website nbsp Maudsley Hospital on the NHS website Care Quality Commission inspection reports Maudsley Health Abu Dhabi UAE is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust51 28 08 N 00 05 28 W 51 46889 N 0 09111 W 51 46889 0 09111 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maudsley Hospital amp oldid 1211802222, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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