Markovo Kale is a fortress located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) northwest of Vranje, Serbia. It's situated on a steep rocky crest between the mountains Krstilovica and Pljačkavica. The fortification is surrounded by two rivers on the bottom, Devotinska and Mala Reka.
According to some sources, it was the city of Prince Marko, while others claim that the real name of the city is Golubinje. Subsequent investigations determined that the foundations of the fort are from the period of Emperor Justinian, refortified and modernised by the Serbs.
In historical sources it was mentioned for the first time in 1412, when it was taken by sultan Musa Çelebi. The exact time of the construction of this fortress is not known. It was probably manned since the earliest mention of Vranje in 1093, and during the epoch of Nemanjić dynasty, until the final fall of the Serbian Despotate. The Turkish official lists from 13th century names it "Kale Ivraniya" (fortress of Vranje).
Legend has it that, while staying in this fortress, the Prince Marko was surrounded by the Ottomans. He defended it flamboyantly. When Marko had to get away faced with the Turkish supremacy, he leapt with his flying horse Šarac, and left a print of his enormous hooves.
Characteristicsedit
The plateau on which the fortress lies is naturally wide on the south side and very narrow on the north side. To additionally secure the east side, the only side from which the fortification was reachable, a long and wide wall was built. The wall followed the edge of the crest, and at the end of the wall was the main tower – built on the highest rock on the northeast end of the crest. On the west side, above the river Devotinska is an unreachable cliff, so no fortifications were necessary on that side.
Markovo Kale is irregular, elongated triangular base. Protected by the massive walls on the south and east, the west side of a cliff in northern guard tower, while the confrontation southern and eastern walls corner tower. During the archaeological excavations that were carried out over two and a half decades, the remains of architecture - parts of fortifications, residential buildings and churches. The elongated shape of the ridge and the topography of the terrain contributed to the good defense of this fort.
Only archaeological remains are left out of fortifications of both the plateau and buildings within the defended area fortifications. In much better condition remained a bastion on the east side of the ridge where there are preserved traces of walkways and parapets. Many archaeological material was found, such as ceramic, metal and glass, and it's dated from the 12th to the 16th century. The remains of the fortress date back to the late 14th or early 15th century.
markovo, kale, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Markovo Kale news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Markovo Kale is a fortress located 3 5 kilometres 2 2 mi northwest of Vranje Serbia It s situated on a steep rocky crest between the mountains Krstilovica and Pljackavica The fortification is surrounded by two rivers on the bottom Devotinska and Mala Reka Markovo KaleMarkovo kalenear Vranje SerbiaView on the eastern wall from the north remains of foundations of a churchTypeFortificationSite informationOpen tothe publicYesSite historyBuilt byJustinian I Marko MrnjavcevicMaterialsStoneHistory editAccording to some sources it was the city of Prince Marko while others claim that the real name of the city is Golubinje Subsequent investigations determined that the foundations of the fort are from the period of Emperor Justinian refortified and modernised by the Serbs In historical sources it was mentioned for the first time in 1412 when it was taken by sultan Musa Celebi The exact time of the construction of this fortress is not known It was probably manned since the earliest mention of Vranje in 1093 and during the epoch of Nemanjic dynasty until the final fall of the Serbian Despotate The Turkish official lists from 13th century names it Kale Ivraniya fortress of Vranje Legend has it that while staying in this fortress the Prince Marko was surrounded by the Ottomans He defended it flamboyantly When Marko had to get away faced with the Turkish supremacy he leapt with his flying horse Sarac and left a print of his enormous hooves Characteristics editThe plateau on which the fortress lies is naturally wide on the south side and very narrow on the north side To additionally secure the east side the only side from which the fortification was reachable a long and wide wall was built The wall followed the edge of the crest and at the end of the wall was the main tower built on the highest rock on the northeast end of the crest On the west side above the river Devotinska is an unreachable cliff so no fortifications were necessary on that side Markovo Kale is irregular elongated triangular base Protected by the massive walls on the south and east the west side of a cliff in northern guard tower while the confrontation southern and eastern walls corner tower During the archaeological excavations that were carried out over two and a half decades the remains of architecture parts of fortifications residential buildings and churches The elongated shape of the ridge and the topography of the terrain contributed to the good defense of this fort Only archaeological remains are left out of fortifications of both the plateau and buildings within the defended area fortifications In much better condition remained a bastion on the east side of the ridge where there are preserved traces of walkways and parapets Many archaeological material was found such as ceramic metal and glass and it s dated from the 12th to the 16th century The remains of the fortress date back to the late 14th or early 15th century External links edithttp www vranjske co rs 2011 04 21 D0 BA D0 B0 D0 BB D0 B5 D0 B8 D0 B8 D0 B2 D1 80 D0 B0 D0 BD D0 B8 D0 B0 D0 B8 D0 B7 1093 D0 B3 D0 BE D0 B4 D0 B8 D0 BD D0 B5 html http www upoznajsrbiju co rs prica markovo kale tvrdjava kraljevica marka 98 http www ajmonegde com Markovo kale tvrdjava Vranje html 42 34 54 N 21 53 18 E 42 5817 N 21 8884 E 42 5817 21 8884 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Markovo Kale amp oldid 969652980, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
