In linguistics, a marker is a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence. Most characteristically, markers occur as clitics or inflectionalaffixes. In analytic languages and agglutinative languages, markers are generally easily distinguished. In fusional languages and polysynthetic languages, this is often not the case. For example, in Latin, a highly fusional language, the word amō ("I love") is marked by suffix -ō for indicative mood, active voice, first person, singular, present tense. Analytic languages tend to have a relatively limited number of markers.
Markers should be distinguished from the linguistic concept of markedness. An unmarked form is the basic "neutral" form of a word, typically used as its dictionary lemma, such as—in English—for nouns the singular (e.g. cat versus cats), and for verbs the infinitive (e.g. to eat versus eats, ate and eaten). Unmarked forms (e.g. the nominative case in many languages) tend to be less likely to have markers, but this is not true for all languages (compare Latin). Conversely, a marked form may happen to have a zero affix, like the genitive plural of some nouns in Russian (e.g. сапо́г). In some languages, the same forms of a marker have multiple functions, such as when used in different cases or declensions (for example -īs in Latin).
Maddieson, Ian. "Locus of Marking: Whole-Language Typology", in Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures, pp. 106–109. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN0-19-925591-1.
Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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marker, linguistics, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, january, 2017, learn, w. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message In linguistics a marker is a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word phrase or sentence Most characteristically markers occur as clitics or inflectional affixes In analytic languages and agglutinative languages markers are generally easily distinguished In fusional languages and polysynthetic languages this is often not the case For example in Latin a highly fusional language the word amō I love is marked by suffix ō for indicative mood active voice first person singular present tense Analytic languages tend to have a relatively limited number of markers Markers should be distinguished from the linguistic concept of markedness An unmarked form is the basic neutral form of a word typically used as its dictionary lemma such as in English for nouns the singular e g cat versus cats and for verbs the infinitive e g to eat versus eats ate and eaten Unmarked forms e g the nominative case in many languages tend to be less likely to have markers but this is not true for all languages compare Latin Conversely a marked form may happen to have a zero affix like the genitive plural of some nouns in Russian e g sapo g In some languages the same forms of a marker have multiple functions such as when used in different cases or declensions for example is in Latin Contents 1 See also 1 1 Related topics 1 2 Types of marking 2 ReferencesSee also editRelated topics edit Affix Lexeme Morpheme Markedness Lemma morphology Null morpheme Uninflected wordTypes of marking edit Dependent marking language Head marking language Double marking language Zero marking languageReferences editMaddieson Ian Locus of Marking Whole Language Typology in Martin Haspelmath et al eds The World Atlas of Language Structures pp 106 109 Oxford Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 0 19 925591 1 Chomsky N 1965 Aspects of the theory of syntax Cambridge MA MIT Press nbsp This linguistics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marker linguistics amp oldid 1068598576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
