Marjorie McKenzie Lawson
Marjorie McKenzie Lawson (March 2, 1912 – October 11, 2002) was an African American attorney and judge who served on multiple federal commissions. Lawson's work as a lawyer focused on real estate development for urban renewal. She worked as the civil rights director for John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign, garnering endorsements from prominent Black community leaders and advising his policy decisions. In 1962 she was appointed by President Kennedy as an associate judge for the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia, making her the first Black woman judge in the District. She was also appointed as the U.S. representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1965.
Marjorie McKenzie Lawson | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1912 Pittsburgh |
| Died | October 11, 2002 (aged 89–90) Bethesda |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Lawyer, columnist, judge |
| Spouse(s) | Belford Lawson Jr. |
Early life and education edit
Marjorie Alice McKenzie was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1912.[1] Her parents were T. Wallace McKenzie and Gertrude Stiver McKenzie.
She earned two degrees at the University of Michigan: a bachelor's degree in 1933 and a Master of Social Work in 1934.[2] After graduating from the University of Michigan, McKenzie moved to Washington, D.C. to attend the historically Black Terrell Law School, going on to graduate in 1939.[3] After a white lawyer with an Ivy League education received a job she had also applied for, she went back to get another law degree at Columbia Law School, saying she wanted there to be no doubts about her legal credentials.[4] She graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1950.[4]
Partnership with Belford Lawson Jr. edit
McKenzie met her husband, Belford Lawson Jr., while she was studying for her law degree at the Terrell Law School, where he was a teacher.[5] They married in 1939 after her graduation.[4] They would work on civil rights cases together throughout their careers. They had one child, Belford V. Lawson III, who would go on to become an attorney with the Federal Communications Commission.[2] From 1938 to 1958, the Lawsons lived at 8 Logan Circle NW, at times renting their third floor to U.S. Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr.[5] Their residence is now part of Washington DC's African American Heritage Trail.[6] In April 1954, Jet magazine reported that Lawson had filed for divorce, saying that her husband had been guilty of "extreme cruelty, mental in nature," which had impacted Lawson's health.[7] They were remarried by 1957.[3]
Career edit
Lawson's career touched on multiple areas of civil rights law. Her focus was on real estate tax law and the development of federally subsidized housing, working on urban renewal projects that benefited African-American residents.[4] Lawson was elected assistant secretary of the National Bar Association in 1939.[3] She was the Assistant Director of the Division of Review and Analysis of the Fair Employment Practices Committee from October 1942 to October 1945.[8] During the 1950s, she was the general counsel to the National Council of Negro Women.[9] From 1941 until 1955 Lawson wrote a weekly public affairs column for the Pittsburgh Courier, covering federal policies relating to African Americans.[9]
Lawson met John F. Kennedy around 1957, when her husband was approached by the Senator's staff to work within Boston's Black community in advance of Kennedy's 1958 senatorial reelection campaign.[10] Belford did not want to leave his law practice, but suggested Marjorie would be the ideal person to manage that effort.[10] She went on to represent Kennedy at national gatherings of Black religious, political, and women's organizations.[1] She was selected to serve as the civil rights director for Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1960, connecting him with leading figures in the Black community and advising him on policy decisions for his platform.[11]
In 1962, Kennedy appointed Lawson as an associate judge on the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia, making her the first Black woman judge in the District of Columbia as well as the first Black woman appointed by a president to a judicial post.[9] U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy attended Lawson's swearing in ceremony, delivering the commission from his brother.[12] That same year, Lawson was also appointed to the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, established by Executive Order 10925 to investigate discrimination complaints.[1]
In July 1965, she resigned from the Juvenile Court after Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her the vice chairman of the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia (the District Crime Commission).[13] Just a few months later, in September 1965, Johnson appointed her as the United States representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[14]
After that role ended, Lawson continued her work with urban renewal by cofounding the Model Inner City Community Organization, a citizens group advocating for the construction of public housing.[9] She continued her practice in real estate law into the mid-1990s.[3][4]
Death edit
Lawson died at her home in Bethesda, Maryland on October 11, 2002.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c "To Marjorie McKenzie Lawson". The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. Stanford University. June 16, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ a b Tobin, James (October 2009). "The Belford Lawson Mystery - A family story and racism's long shadow". Ann Arbor Observer. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Parks, Gregory (2012). "Belford Vance Lawson, Jr.: Life of a Civil Rights Litigator". University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class. 12 (2): 320–355. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Marjorie McKenzie Lawson". The Washington Post. October 16, 2002. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Belford V. Lawson and Marjorie M. Lawson Residence, African American Heritage Trail - www.culturaltourism.org". Cultural Tourism DC. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Belford V. Lawson and Marjorie M. Lawson Residence Historical Marker". The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Marjorie McKenzie Lawson to get divorce". Jet. Vol. 5, no. 23. Johnson Publishing Company. April 15, 1954. p. 22. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ "Guide to the Fair Employment Practices Commission Records on Microfilm". Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Cornell University Library. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Wright, James (February 17, 2021). "Marjorie Lawson Made History as First Black Female Judge in D.C." The Washington Informer. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ a b "Marjorie McKenzie Lawson Oral History Interview – JFK#1, 10/25/1965". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Women's History Month: Celebrating Marjorie McKenzie Lawson". Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia. March 22, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Marjorie Lawson becomes a Judge". Baltimore Afro American. October 20, 1962. p. 14. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Resigns As Judge; Named To D.C. Crime Commission". Detroit Tribune. July 31, 1965. p. 5. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (Report). General Services Administration. September 17, 1965. p. 252.
External links edit
- Marjorie McKenzie Lawson oral history interview October 1965 Lawson discusses her work on the 1960 presidential election
- Marjorie McKenzie Lawson oral history interview November 1965 Lawson discusses the Kennedy administration's position on civil rights