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Staro-Kalinkin Bridge

February 10, 2023

Staro-Kalinkin Bridge is a bridge across the Fontanka River in Admiralteysky District, Saint Petersburg. It connects Kolomensky and Bezymyany Islands. Along with Lomonosov Bridge it is one of 7 stone three-span bridges across the Fontanka built in the 1780s, which have survived to this day.

Staro-Kalinkin Bridge
Coordinates59°54′59″N 30°16′46″E / 59.9164°N 30.2794°E / 59.9164; 30.2794
CrossesFontanka River
LocaleAdmiralteysky District of Saint Petersburg
Characteristics
Total length65.6 m
Width30.8 m
Traversable?automotive, tram, pedestrian
History
Opening1733 (wooden)
Location

Location

The bridge is located at the mouth of the Fontanka River. From the left bank, the following are approaches to the bridge: Staro-Peterhof Avenue, Tsiolkovsky Street (near the bridge on the Fontanka Embankment). Repin Square and Lotsmanskaya Street are on the right bank. Traffic flows from Sadovaya Street to the bridge along the Fontanka River embankment.

Upstream is the English Bridge, and below is the Galerny Bridge.

The nearest metro station (1.7 km) is Narvskaya.

Name

The bridge got its name from the name of the nearby Kalinkina Village (a small Finnish village well-known since the 17th century). During its existence, the bridge has repeatedly changed its name: "Kalinkovsky Bridge" (1755), "Kalinkinsky Bridge" (1758-1875), "Kalinkin Bridge" (1763-1867).[1] Since 1820, after the appearance of the Malo-Kalinkin Bridge across the Ekaterininsky Canal (now called the Griboyedov Canal), they began to call it “Bolshoi Kalinkin.” The modern name in the form of "Old Kalinkin Bridge" appeared in 1873, since the bridge was on the same highway with Novo-Kalinkin Bridge across the Obvodny Canal. The Staro-Kalinkin Bridge variant has been well-known since 1907.[2]

History

Since 1733, there was a wooden multi-span drawbridge thrown over two branches of the Fontanka River and the Glukhaya River ( Krivushu River).[3] The length of the bridge reached 250 m.[4] In 1786 - 1788, the bridge was rebuilt according to model designs of St. Petersburg bridges across the Fontanka. The project was adapted by engineers Jan Pieter van Suchtelen and Ivan Kondratyevich Gerard.[5]

The bridge was almost indistinguishable from other tower bridges across the Fontanka: the drawbridge was made of wood and consisted of two panels opened by a simple chain mechanism. There were four granite towers topped with cornice and domes.[6] A contemporary of the Staro-Kalinkin bridge, artist Karl Friedrich Knappé depicted the form of the crossing in his artwork (the painting is now kept in The State Hermitage Museum collection). From the picture, it is possible to identify the date of the construction of the Staro-Kalinkin bridge. In addition, it is clear that the sidewalks were separated from the roadway by granite barriers, that on four sides at the entrances to the bridge there were granite obelisks with lanterns suspended from them, and that granite benches were pressed to the parapets at the openings of the structures.[6] In the drawings of 1839, the middle span is depicted as a constant, strut system.[7]

In 1877, to lay the line for the horse tram in the middle span, new trusses were made from beams with struts.[8] In 1882, over the side stone arches of the bridge, wooden decks were arranged along the girders to reduce pressure on the arches. Four granite pedestals with pillars and granite parapets were removed.[9]

In the late 1880s, the need arose to expand the bridge for an increase in carrying capacity. In 1889, the City Council approved the bridge reconstruction project, developed by the architect M. I. Ryllo. The project included the demolition of the towers, the replacement of the middle wooden span with a brick vault, and the expansion of the bridge.[7] This decision led to sharp protests from the architectural community of St. Petersburg and the Committee for the reconstruction of bridges was forced to abandon its intentions, instructing the architect to draw up a new project.[7] According to the second project of Mikhail Ivanovich Ryllo, the bridge towers were preserved, but all other elements of the bridge decoration (sidewalk railing, obelisks with lanterns, and granite benches) were removed. March 22, 1890 highest permission was granted to rebuild the bridge, while maintaining the existing granite towers.[10] The new project was approved by the City Council in June 1890, and according to the project, from 1892 - 1893 the middle span was rebuilt.[11] Separate stages of work were covered by the magazine "Nedelya Stroitelya."[12][13][14] In the course of the reconstruction work, the abutments and the piers of the bridge were dismantled to the level of the pile grillage, and then restored again. The arches of the side spans were rebuilt in their historical form, and the central span was covered with a gentle circular arch that replaced the existing wooden truss. The granite towers were recreated, while the new width of the bridge structure was 15.2 m.[15]

From 1907 - 1909, for the construction of the tram line the bridge was expanded to 30.75 m by building two new bridges on the sides of the old bridge, 9.6 m wide on the upper side and 5.9 m from the lower side of the old bridge. The new spans repeated the outlines of the vaults and the system of the old bridge, i.e. three-span stone vaults, the middle span was 8.77 m and the side spans were 13.16 m each.[16] At the same time, granite towers and parapets were preserved.[15] The work was carried out by the contractor S.S. Linda.[17]

In 1965, at the initiative of "Lenmostotresta" a project was developed to restore the architectural design of the bridge. The author of the project was architect Irina Nikolaevna Benua. The project was based on the historical information compiled by Special Scientific Restoration Workshops employee R. G. Rabinovich, based on the archival materials collected by N. V. Popova.[11] One of the sources of the general view of the crossing in the 19th century was Karl Friedrich Knappe's 1840 painting "Kalinkin Bridge." As a result of restoration work, granite barriers have been restored, separating the roadway from the sidewalk; granite benches on the parapets of the bridge openings were restored, and granite obelisks with lanterns were installed near the entrances.[11] In 1969, gilding of metal decorative parts of the bridge was done. In 1989, according to the project of the architect V.M. Ivanov, the lanterns and memorial plaques on the towers were recreated.[18]

From October 2013 to April 2014, repairs were made to the bridge's road surface, tram rails and communications.[19][20]

  •  

    K. F. Knappe. Kalinkin Bridge. 1840.

  •  

    Bridge in 1880. The central wooden span of the strut system is visible.

  •  

    Bridge widening project. 1907.

Construction

The bridge is three-span. The side spans are the same size and are covered with box-shaped stone vaults, the middle span is covered with a gentle circular arch. The total bridge width is 30.8 m,[21] including roadway which is 23.39 m and sidewalks that are 3.3 m each. The length along the alignment between the embankments is 65.6 m.[11]

The bridge is intended for the movement of trams, vehicles and pedestrians. The carriageway of the bridge includes 4 lanes for traffic and 2 tram lines. The roadway is covered with asphalt concrete, and the sidewalks are covered with granite slabs. The railing of the bridge is similar to the railing of the embankment. It has metal sections installed between the granite sections. At the entrances to the bridge, there are four granite obelisks with faceted lanterns. The sidewalks are separated from the roadway by high granite barriers that end at the entrances to the bridge.

Tower structures are made in the form of open pavilions. These consist of rustic columns that support doric entablatures and are completed with spherical domes that are further topped with spherical gilded urns.[22][21] On the granite towers, memorial plaques are installed, indicating the dates of the beginning and end of the construction of the bridge: "1786" (on the left bank) and "1788" (on the right bank).

References

  1. ^ City Names Today and Yesterday, 1997, p.119
  2. ^ Ерофеев А. Д., Владимирович А. Г. (2009). Петербург в названиях улиц. Происхождение названий улиц и проспектов, рек и каналов, мостов и островов. СПб.: АСТ.
  3. ^ Новиков Ю. В. (1991). Мосты и набережные Ленинграда. Л.: Лениздат. Сост. П. П. Степнов.
  4. ^ Мосты Ленинграда 1986, p. 37.
  5. ^ Исаченко В. Г. (2008). Архитектура Санкт-Петербурга. Справочник-путеводитель. СПб.: Паритет. p. 184. ISBN 978-5-93437-125-9.
  6. ^ a b Мосты Ленинграда 1986, p. 197.
  7. ^ a b c Мосты Ленинграда 1986, p. 198.
  8. ^ Отчет С.-Петербургской городской управы за 1877 год (PDF). СПб.: типография Вигандта. 1879. p. 217.
  9. ^ Отчет С.-Петербургской городской Управы за 1882 год (PDF). СПб. 1883. p. 283.
  10. ^ Отчеты городской Управы и других городских учреждений. Городское общественное управление в 1890 году (PDF). СПб. 1891. pp. LXIII.
  11. ^ a b c d Мосты Ленинграда 1986, p. 199.
  12. ^ "Заметки Зодчего" (27) (Неделя строителя ed.). СПб. 1893: 135. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  13. ^ "Заметки Зодчего" (34) (Неделя строителя ed.). СПб. 1893: 171–172. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  14. ^ "Заметки Зодчего" (41) (Неделя строителя ed.). СПб. 1893: 209. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ a b Мосты и набережные Ленинграда 1963, p. 66.
  16. ^ "Техническое описание с приложением расчетов сооружений". Отчёт по сооружению Санкт-Петербургского городского электрического трамвая. 1905—1908 (PDF). Vol. 2. СПб. 1909. pp. 7, 215.
  17. ^ "Исполнительная комиссия по заведыванию и переустройству городских железных дорог". Отчет С.-Петербургского городского общественного управления за 1907 год (PDF). Vol. 6. СПб. 1908. pp. 480–481, 646–647.
  18. ^ Степнов 1991, p. 303.
  19. ^ "Старо-Калинкин мост остановит юго-запад Петербурга". Фонтанка.ру. 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  20. ^ "Старо-Калинкин мост открыт". Фонтанка.ру. 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  21. ^ a b Старо-Калинкин мост//СПб ГБУ «Мостотрест»
  22. ^ Мосты Ленинграда 1986, p. 172.

Further reading

  • Тумилович Е. В., Алтунин С. Е. (1963). Мосты и набережные Ленинграда. Альбом. М.: Издательство Министерства Коммунального Хозяйства РСФСР.
  • Пунин А. Л. (1971). Повесть о ленинградских мостах. Л.: Лениздат.
  • Горбачевич К. С., Хабло Е. П. (1985). Почему так названы?. p. 463.
  • Бунин М. С. (1986). Мосты Ленинграда. Очерки истории и архитектуры мостов Петербурга — Петрограда — Ленинграда. Л.: Стройиздат.
  • Новиков Ю. В. (1991). Мосты и набережные Ленинграда. Л.: Лениздат. Сост. П. П. Степнов.
  • Горбачевич К. С., Хабло Е. П. (1996). Почему так названы?. pp. 326–327.

External links

  • Старо-Калинкин мост //СПб ГБУ «Мостотрест»


February 10, 2023
staro, kalinkin, bridge, bridge, across, fontanka, river, admiralteysky, district, saint, petersburg, connects, kolomensky, bezymyany, islands, along, with, lomonosov, bridge, stone, three, span, bridges, across, fontanka, built, 1780s, which, have, survived, . Staro Kalinkin Bridge is a bridge across the Fontanka River in Admiralteysky District Saint Petersburg It connects Kolomensky and Bezymyany Islands Along with Lomonosov Bridge it is one of 7 stone three span bridges across the Fontanka built in the 1780s which have survived to this day Staro Kalinkin BridgeCoordinates59 54 59 N 30 16 46 E 59 9164 N 30 2794 E 59 9164 30 2794CrossesFontanka RiverLocaleAdmiralteysky District of Saint PetersburgCharacteristicsTotal length65 6 mWidth30 8 mTraversable automotive tram pedestrianHistoryOpening1733 wooden Location Contents 1 Location 2 Name 3 History 4 Construction 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksLocation EditThe bridge is located at the mouth of the Fontanka River From the left bank the following are approaches to the bridge Staro Peterhof Avenue Tsiolkovsky Street near the bridge on the Fontanka Embankment Repin Square and Lotsmanskaya Street are on the right bank Traffic flows from Sadovaya Street to the bridge along the Fontanka River embankment Upstream is the English Bridge and below is the Galerny Bridge The nearest metro station 1 7 km is Narvskaya Name EditThe bridge got its name from the name of the nearby Kalinkina Village a small Finnish village well known since the 17th century During its existence the bridge has repeatedly changed its name Kalinkovsky Bridge 1755 Kalinkinsky Bridge 1758 1875 Kalinkin Bridge 1763 1867 1 Since 1820 after the appearance of the Malo Kalinkin Bridge across the Ekaterininsky Canal now called the Griboyedov Canal they began to call it Bolshoi Kalinkin The modern name in the form of Old Kalinkin Bridge appeared in 1873 since the bridge was on the same highway with Novo Kalinkin Bridge across the Obvodny Canal The Staro Kalinkin Bridge variant has been well known since 1907 2 History EditSince 1733 there was a wooden multi span drawbridge thrown over two branches of the Fontanka River and the Glukhaya River Krivushu River 3 The length of the bridge reached 250 m 4 In 1786 1788 the bridge was rebuilt according to model designs of St Petersburg bridges across the Fontanka The project was adapted by engineers Jan Pieter van Suchtelen and Ivan Kondratyevich Gerard 5 The bridge was almost indistinguishable from other tower bridges across the Fontanka the drawbridge was made of wood and consisted of two panels opened by a simple chain mechanism There were four granite towers topped with cornice and domes 6 A contemporary of the Staro Kalinkin bridge artist Karl Friedrich Knappe depicted the form of the crossing in his artwork the painting is now kept in The State Hermitage Museum collection From the picture it is possible to identify the date of the construction of the Staro Kalinkin bridge In addition it is clear that the sidewalks were separated from the roadway by granite barriers that on four sides at the entrances to the bridge there were granite obelisks with lanterns suspended from them and that granite benches were pressed to the parapets at the openings of the structures 6 In the drawings of 1839 the middle span is depicted as a constant strut system 7 In 1877 to lay the line for the horse tram in the middle span new trusses were made from beams with struts 8 In 1882 over the side stone arches of the bridge wooden decks were arranged along the girders to reduce pressure on the arches Four granite pedestals with pillars and granite parapets were removed 9 In the late 1880s the need arose to expand the bridge for an increase in carrying capacity In 1889 the City Council approved the bridge reconstruction project developed by the architect M I Ryllo The project included the demolition of the towers the replacement of the middle wooden span with a brick vault and the expansion of the bridge 7 This decision led to sharp protests from the architectural community of St Petersburg and the Committee for the reconstruction of bridges was forced to abandon its intentions instructing the architect to draw up a new project 7 According to the second project of Mikhail Ivanovich Ryllo the bridge towers were preserved but all other elements of the bridge decoration sidewalk railing obelisks with lanterns and granite benches were removed March 22 1890 highest permission was granted to rebuild the bridge while maintaining the existing granite towers 10 The new project was approved by the City Council in June 1890 and according to the project from 1892 1893 the middle span was rebuilt 11 Separate stages of work were covered by the magazine Nedelya Stroitelya 12 13 14 In the course of the reconstruction work the abutments and the piers of the bridge were dismantled to the level of the pile grillage and then restored again The arches of the side spans were rebuilt in their historical form and the central span was covered with a gentle circular arch that replaced the existing wooden truss The granite towers were recreated while the new width of the bridge structure was 15 2 m 15 From 1907 1909 for the construction of the tram line the bridge was expanded to 30 75 m by building two new bridges on the sides of the old bridge 9 6 m wide on the upper side and 5 9 m from the lower side of the old bridge The new spans repeated the outlines of the vaults and the system of the old bridge i e three span stone vaults the middle span was 8 77 m and the side spans were 13 16 m each 16 At the same time granite towers and parapets were preserved 15 The work was carried out by the contractor S S Linda 17 In 1965 at the initiative of Lenmostotresta a project was developed to restore the architectural design of the bridge The author of the project was architect Irina Nikolaevna Benua The project was based on the historical information compiled by Special Scientific Restoration Workshops employee R G Rabinovich based on the archival materials collected by N V Popova 11 One of the sources of the general view of the crossing in the 19th century was Karl Friedrich Knappe s 1840 painting Kalinkin Bridge As a result of restoration work granite barriers have been restored separating the roadway from the sidewalk granite benches on the parapets of the bridge openings were restored and granite obelisks with lanterns were installed near the entrances 11 In 1969 gilding of metal decorative parts of the bridge was done In 1989 according to the project of the architect V M Ivanov the lanterns and memorial plaques on the towers were recreated 18 From October 2013 to April 2014 repairs were made to the bridge s road surface tram rails and communications 19 20 K F Knappe Kalinkin Bridge 1840 Bridge in 1880 The central wooden span of the strut system is visible Bridge widening project 1907 Construction EditThe bridge is three span The side spans are the same size and are covered with box shaped stone vaults the middle span is covered with a gentle circular arch The total bridge width is 30 8 m 21 including roadway which is 23 39 m and sidewalks that are 3 3 m each The length along the alignment between the embankments is 65 6 m 11 The bridge is intended for the movement of trams vehicles and pedestrians The carriageway of the bridge includes 4 lanes for traffic and 2 tram lines The roadway is covered with asphalt concrete and the sidewalks are covered with granite slabs The railing of the bridge is similar to the railing of the embankment It has metal sections installed between the granite sections At the entrances to the bridge there are four granite obelisks with faceted lanterns The sidewalks are separated from the roadway by high granite barriers that end at the entrances to the bridge Tower structures are made in the form of open pavilions These consist of rustic columns that support doric entablatures and are completed with spherical domes that are further topped with spherical gilded urns 22 21 On the granite towers memorial plaques are installed indicating the dates of the beginning and end of the construction of the bridge 1786 on the left bank and 1788 on the right bank References Edit City Names Today and Yesterday 1997 p 119 Erofeev A D Vladimirovich A G 2009 Peterburg v nazvaniyah ulic Proishozhdenie nazvanij ulic i prospektov rek i kanalov mostov i ostrovov SPb AST Novikov Yu V 1991 Mosty i naberezhnye Leningrada L Lenizdat Sost P P Stepnov Mosty Leningrada 1986 p 37 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty Leningrada1986 help Isachenko V G 2008 Arhitektura Sankt Peterburga Spravochnik putevoditel SPb Paritet p 184 ISBN 978 5 93437 125 9 a b Mosty Leningrada 1986 p 197 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty Leningrada1986 help a b c Mosty Leningrada 1986 p 198 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty Leningrada1986 help Otchet S Peterburgskoj gorodskoj upravy za 1877 god PDF SPb tipografiya Vigandta 1879 p 217 Otchet S Peterburgskoj gorodskoj Upravy za 1882 god PDF SPb 1883 p 283 Otchety gorodskoj Upravy i drugih gorodskih uchrezhdenij Gorodskoe obshestvennoe upravlenie v 1890 godu PDF SPb 1891 pp LXIII a b c d Mosty Leningrada 1986 p 199 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty Leningrada1986 help Zametki Zodchego 27 Nedelya stroitelya ed SPb 1893 135 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint date and year link Zametki Zodchego 34 Nedelya stroitelya ed SPb 1893 171 172 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint date and year link Zametki Zodchego 41 Nedelya stroitelya ed SPb 1893 209 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint date and year link a b Mosty i naberezhnye Leningrada 1963 p 66 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty i naberezhnye Leningrada1963 help Tehnicheskoe opisanie s prilozheniem raschetov sooruzhenij Otchyot po sooruzheniyu Sankt Peterburgskogo gorodskogo elektricheskogo tramvaya 1905 1908 PDF Vol 2 SPb 1909 pp 7 215 Ispolnitelnaya komissiya po zavedyvaniyu i pereustrojstvu gorodskih zheleznyh dorog Otchet S Peterburgskogo gorodskogo obshestvennogo upravleniya za 1907 god PDF Vol 6 SPb 1908 pp 480 481 646 647 Stepnov 1991 p 303 sfn error no target CITEREFStepnov1991 help Staro Kalinkin most ostanovit yugo zapad Peterburga Fontanka ru 2013 06 11 Retrieved 2015 03 03 Staro Kalinkin most otkryt Fontanka ru 2014 04 14 Retrieved 2015 03 03 a b Staro Kalinkin most SPb GBU Mostotrest Mosty Leningrada 1986 p 172 sfn error no target CITEREFMosty Leningrada1986 help Further reading EditTumilovich E V Altunin S E 1963 Mosty i naberezhnye Leningrada Albom M Izdatelstvo Ministerstva Kommunalnogo Hozyajstva RSFSR Punin A L 1971 Povest o leningradskih mostah L Lenizdat Gorbachevich K S Hablo E P 1985 Pochemu tak nazvany p 463 Bunin M S 1986 Mosty Leningrada Ocherki istorii i arhitektury mostov Peterburga Petrograda Leningrada L Strojizdat Novikov Yu V 1991 Mosty i naberezhnye Leningrada L Lenizdat Sost P P Stepnov Gorbachevich K S Hablo E P 1996 Pochemu tak nazvany pp 326 327 External links EditStaro Kalinkin most SPb GBU Mostotrest Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Staro Kalinkin Bridge amp oldid 1101530065, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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