Marine radars are X band or S bandradars on ships, used to detect other ships and land obstacles, to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea. They are electronic navigation instruments that use a rotating antenna to sweep a narrow beam of microwaves around the water surface surrounding the ship to the horizon, detecting targets by microwaves reflected from them, generating a picture of the ship's surroundings on a display screen.
Animation of typical rotating X band marine radar antenna on ship. It radiates a narrow vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves perpendicular to the long axis of the antenna, horizontally out to the horizon. With each rotation the beam scans the surrounding surface. Any ships or obstructions reflect microwaves back to the antenna, displaying on the radar screen.Commercial marine radar display. Land areas are shown in yellow, and vessel tracks are displayed with green "tails" on the screen
Radar is a vital navigation component for safety at sea and near the shore. Captains need to be able to maneuver their ships within feet in the worst of conditions and to be able to navigate "blind", when there is no visibility at night or due to bad weather. In addition to vessel-based marine radars, in port or in harbour, shore-based vessel traffic service radar systems are used by harbormasters and coast guard to monitor and regulate ship movements in busy waters.
Radars are rarely used alone in a marine setting. A modern trend is the integration of radar with other navigation displays on a single screen, as it becomes quite distracting to look at several different screens. Therefore, displays can often overlay an electronic GPSnavigation chart of ship position, and a sonar display, on the radar display. This provides a combined view of surroundings, to maneuver the ship.
In commercial ships, radars are integrated into a full suite of marine instruments including chartplotters, sonar, two-way marine radio, satellite navigation (GNSS) receivers such as the US Global Positioning System (GPS), and emergency locators (SART). With digital data buses to exchange data, these devices advanced greatly in the early 21st century. For example, some have 3D displays that allow navigators to see above, below and all around the ship, including overlays of satellite imaging.
As required by COLREGS, all ships shall maintain a proper radar lookout if it is available on board to obtain early warning of risk of collision. Radar plotting with the use of an EBL and VRM, or the ARPA should be used to get the information of movement and the risk of collision (bearing, distance, CPA (closest point of approach), TCPA (time of closest point of approach) of other ships in vicinity.
Navigationedit
Marine radar systems can provide very useful radar navigation information for navigators on board ships. The ship's position could be fixed by the bearing and distance information of a fixed, reliable target on the radar screen.
Radar controlsedit
Marine radar has performance adjustment controls for brightness and contrast, also manual or automatic adjustment of gain, tuning, sea clutter and rain clutter suppression, and interference reduction. Other common controls consist of range scale, bearing cursor, fix/variable range marker (VRM) or bearing/distance cursor (EBL).
marine, radar, this, article, does, cite, sources, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september, 2020, learn, when, remov. This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Marine radar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Marine radars are X band or S band radars on ships used to detect other ships and land obstacles to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea They are electronic navigation instruments that use a rotating antenna to sweep a narrow beam of microwaves around the water surface surrounding the ship to the horizon detecting targets by microwaves reflected from them generating a picture of the ship s surroundings on a display screen Animation of typical rotating X band marine radar antenna on ship It radiates a narrow vertical fan shaped beam of microwaves perpendicular to the long axis of the antenna horizontally out to the horizon With each rotation the beam scans the surrounding surface Any ships or obstructions reflect microwaves back to the antenna displaying on the radar screen Commercial marine radar display Land areas are shown in yellow and vessel tracks are displayed with green tails on the screenRadar is a vital navigation component for safety at sea and near the shore Captains need to be able to maneuver their ships within feet in the worst of conditions and to be able to navigate blind when there is no visibility at night or due to bad weather In addition to vessel based marine radars in port or in harbour shore based vessel traffic service radar systems are used by harbormasters and coast guard to monitor and regulate ship movements in busy waters Radars are rarely used alone in a marine setting A modern trend is the integration of radar with other navigation displays on a single screen as it becomes quite distracting to look at several different screens Therefore displays can often overlay an electronic GPS navigation chart of ship position and a sonar display on the radar display This provides a combined view of surroundings to maneuver the ship In commercial ships radars are integrated into a full suite of marine instruments including chartplotters sonar two way marine radio satellite navigation GNSS receivers such as the US Global Positioning System GPS and emergency locators SART With digital data buses to exchange data these devices advanced greatly in the early 21st century For example some have 3D displays that allow navigators to see above below and all around the ship including overlays of satellite imaging Contents 1 Collision avoidance 2 Navigation 2 1 Radar controls 3 References 4 External linksCollision avoidance editAs required by COLREGS all ships shall maintain a proper radar lookout if it is available on board to obtain early warning of risk of collision Radar plotting with the use of an EBL and VRM or the ARPA should be used to get the information of movement and the risk of collision bearing distance CPA closest point of approach TCPA time of closest point of approach of other ships in vicinity Navigation editMarine radar systems can provide very useful radar navigation information for navigators on board ships The ship s position could be fixed by the bearing and distance information of a fixed reliable target on the radar screen Radar controls edit Marine radar has performance adjustment controls for brightness and contrast also manual or automatic adjustment of gain tuning sea clutter and rain clutter suppression and interference reduction Other common controls consist of range scale bearing cursor fix variable range marker VRM or bearing distance cursor EBL References editExternal links editCalculatoredge com Radartutorial eu Earth esa int Alphalpha org Archived 2011 10 13 at the Wayback Machine Macuait com Radar in the 21st Century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marine radar amp oldid 1185786106, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
