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Marie Steiner-von Sivers

January 01, 1970

Marie Steiner-von Sivers[1] (14 March 1867 – 27 December 1948) was a Baltic German actress, the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues.[2][3] She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama),[2] and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate.[3]

Marie Steiner-von Sivers 1903

Life and work edit

Marie Steiner-von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in Włocławek (then part of Imperial Russia). She was well-educated and was fluent in Russian, German, English, French and Italian. She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe.[3]

Relationship to Rudolf Steiner edit

Von Sivers "appeared one day" at one of Rudolf Steiner's early lectures in 1900. In the autumn of 1901, she posed the question to Steiner, "Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ?" Rudolf Steiner later reported:[3]

With this, I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined. The question had been put to me, and now, according to spiritual laws, I could begin to answer it.

Steiner-von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner's life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948. She accompanied him and helped him as secretary, translator, editor, and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities. She assisted Steiner's work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical-Theosophical Press (later Philosophical-Anthroposophical) to publish Steiner's work.[3]

On 24 December 1914, she married Rudolf Steiner. Anna Eunicke Steiner, Steiner's first wife, had died in 1911.[2] In fact, Marie moved in Rudolf's home while he was still married to Anna, which determined Anna to separate from her husband (she divorced in June 1904).[4][5] Beginning in 1914, Steiner drew up a succession of wills naming Marie Steiner-von Sivers as heir to his entire work and property and his successor in the leadership of the anthroposophical movement.[3]

Eurythmy and speech formation edit

Starting in 1912, Rudolf Steiner developed the art of eurythmy. With Steiner-von Sivers' guidance, it developed in three directions: as a stage art, as an integral part of Waldorf pedagogy, and as a therapeutic method.[2] Under her tutelage, two schools of eurythmy were founded, in Berlin and in Dornach, Switzerland.[3]

Steiner-von Sivers, who had been trained in recitation and elocution, and made a study of purely artistic speaking. She gave introductory poetry recitals at Steiner's lectures and assisted him in the development of the four Mystery Dramas (1910–1913).[3] With her help, Steiner conducted several speech and drama courses with the aim of raising these forms to the level of true art.[2]

Politics edit

Marie Steiner had a complex and problematic relationship with National Socialism. She, Guenther Wachsmuth, and Albert Steffen, had publicly expressed sympathy for the Nazi regime since its beginnings; led by such sympathies of their leadership, the Swiss and German Anthroposophical organizations chose for a path conflating accommodation with collaboration, which in the end ensured that while the Nazi regime hunted the esoteric organizations, Gentile Anthroposophists from Nazi Germany and countries occupied by it were let be to a surprising extent.[6] Of course they had some setbacks from the enemies of Anthroposophy among the upper echelons of the Nazi regime, but Anthroposophists also had loyal supporters among them, so overall Gentile Anthroposophists were not badly hit by the Nazi regime.[6] When Rudolf Hess flew to UK, their most powerful protector was gone,[7][8][9] but Anthroposophists were still not left without supporters among higher-placed Nazis.[6]

Yet when Hitler threatened to suppress the Anthroposophical Society, its executive council—which had recently expelled much of its membership—chose to collaborate rather than resist. Marie Steiner, Günther Wachsmuth, and Albert Steffen knew of Hitler’s violent intentions toward the Jewish people, since Hitler’s attacks on anthroposophy included the accusation that anthroposophy was aligned with the Jews. Rather than standing in solidarity with Hitler’s other targets, they disavowed any sympathy for Judaism and assured Nazi leaders that both they and Steiner were of pure Aryan heritage.44

— McKanan 2017, p. 196

compare the 1944 remarks by Marie Steiner railing against “the financially powerful Jewish circles who control the press”: Marie Steiner, foreword to Rudolf Steiner, Die Weihnachtstagung zur Begründung der Allgemeinen Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft (Dornach: Philosophisch-Anthroposophischer Verlag am Goetheanum, 1944), 7. The passage appears unabridged in the current edition of the book from 1994.

— Staudenmaier 2014, p. 170 fn. 92

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Some sources cite birthname as Marie von Sivers, Marie Sievers, or Marie von Sievers
  2. ^ a b c d e Johannes Hemleben, Rudolf Steiner: A documentary biography, Henry Goulden Ltd, 1975; ISBN 0-904822-02-8, pp. 110-113 (German edition: Rowohlt Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3-499-50079-5)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Lía Tummer, Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy for Beginners, Writers and Readers Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-86316-286-X, pp. 55-62; pp. 99-100; pp. 115-119.
  4. ^ Lindenberg 2011, p. 356.
  5. ^ Zander 2007, p. 241.
  6. ^ a b c Staudenmaier 2014, pp. 103–106.
  7. ^ Rieppel, Olivier (2016). Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig. CRC Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-4987-5489-7. Retrieved 3 October 2022. Although in his reply, Himmler pretended to share Astel's assessment of anthroposophy as a dangerous movement, he admitted to be unable to do anything about the school of Rudolf Steiner because Rudolf Hess supported and protected it.
  8. ^ Douglas-Hamilton, James (2012). "1 Turmoil at the Dictator's Court: 11 May 1941". The Truth About Rudolf Hess. Mainstream Publishing. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-78057-791-3. Retrieved 2 October 2022. Organisations which Hess had supported, such as the Rudolf Steiner schools, were closed down.
  9. ^ Tucker, S.D. (2018). False Economies: The Strangest, Least Successful and Most Audacious Financial Follies, Plans and Crazes of All Time. Amberley Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-4456-7235-9. Retrieved 3 October 2022. according to Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), those sceptics who criticised biodynamic methods on scientific grounds were just 'carrying out a kind of witch-trial' against Steiner's followers.

Biographical resources edit

  • Wilfried Hammacher, Marie Steiner: Lebensspuren einer Individualität, Stuttgart: Verlag Freies Geistesleben, 1998 (German); ISBN 3-7725-1798-6.
  • Lindenberg, Christophe (2011). Rudolf Steiner – Eine Biographie. 1861-1925 (in German). Verlag Freies Geistesleben. ISBN 978-3-7725-4000-4.
  • Hans Peter van Manen, Marie Steiner: Her place in world karma, London: Temple Lodge, 1995; ISBN 0-904693-76-7.
  • McKanan, Dan (2017). "Ecology. The Boundaries of Anthroposophy". Eco-Alchemy: Anthroposophy and the History and Future of Environmentalism. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-29006-8.
  • Marie Savitch, Marie Steiner-von Sivers: Fellow worker with Rudolf Steiner, London: Rudolf Steiner Press, 1967; ISBN 0-85440-057-5.
  • Staudenmaier, Peter (2014). Between Occultism and Nazism: Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era. Aries Book Series. Brill. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-04-27015-2. Retrieved 4 October 2022. Though raised Catholic, Büchenbacher had partial Jewish ancestry and was considered a "half-Jew" by Nazi standards. He emigrated to Switzerland in 1936. According to his post-war memoirs, "approximately two-thirds of German anthroposophists more or less succumbed to National Socialism." He reported that various influential anthroposophists were "deeply infected by Nazi views" and "staunchly supported Hitler." Both Guenther Wachsmuth, Secretary of the Swiss-based General Anthroposophical Society, and Marie Steiner, the widow of Rudolf Steiner, were described as "completely pro-Nazi." Büchenbacher retrospectively lamented the far-reaching "Nazi sins" of his colleagues.59
  • Zander, Helmut (2007). Anthroposophie in Deutschland: Theosophische Weltanschauung und gesellschaftliche Praxis 1884–1945 (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-55452-4.
  • Zander, Helmut (2011). Rudolf Steiner: Die Biografie. Munich: Piper.

External links edit

  • (German)
  • (German)

January 01, 1970
marie, steiner, sivers, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Marie Steiner von Sivers news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2014 Marie Steiner von Sivers 1 14 March 1867 27 December 1948 was a Baltic German actress the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues 2 3 She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts eurythmy speech and drama 2 and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner s literary estate 3 Marie Steiner von Sivers 1903 Contents 1 Life and work 1 1 Relationship to Rudolf Steiner 1 2 Eurythmy and speech formation 1 3 Politics 2 See also 3 References 4 Biographical resources 5 External linksLife and work editMarie Steiner von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in Wloclawek then part of Imperial Russia She was well educated and was fluent in Russian German English French and Italian She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe 3 Relationship to Rudolf Steiner editVon Sivers appeared one day at one of Rudolf Steiner s early lectures in 1900 In the autumn of 1901 she posed the question to Steiner Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ Rudolf Steiner later reported 3 With this I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined The question had been put to me and now according to spiritual laws I could begin to answer it Steiner von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner s life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948 She accompanied him and helped him as secretary translator editor and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities She assisted Steiner s work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical Theosophical Press later Philosophical Anthroposophical to publish Steiner s work 3 On 24 December 1914 she married Rudolf Steiner Anna Eunicke Steiner Steiner s first wife had died in 1911 2 In fact Marie moved in Rudolf s home while he was still married to Anna which determined Anna to separate from her husband she divorced in June 1904 4 5 Beginning in 1914 Steiner drew up a succession of wills naming Marie Steiner von Sivers as heir to his entire work and property and his successor in the leadership of the anthroposophical movement 3 Eurythmy and speech formation edit Starting in 1912 Rudolf Steiner developed the art of eurythmy With Steiner von Sivers guidance it developed in three directions as a stage art as an integral part of Waldorf pedagogy and as a therapeutic method 2 Under her tutelage two schools of eurythmy were founded in Berlin and in Dornach Switzerland 3 Steiner von Sivers who had been trained in recitation and elocution and made a study of purely artistic speaking She gave introductory poetry recitals at Steiner s lectures and assisted him in the development of the four Mystery Dramas 1910 1913 3 With her help Steiner conducted several speech and drama courses with the aim of raising these forms to the level of true art 2 Politics edit Marie Steiner had a complex and problematic relationship with National Socialism She Guenther Wachsmuth and Albert Steffen had publicly expressed sympathy for the Nazi regime since its beginnings led by such sympathies of their leadership the Swiss and German Anthroposophical organizations chose for a path conflating accommodation with collaboration which in the end ensured that while the Nazi regime hunted the esoteric organizations Gentile Anthroposophists from Nazi Germany and countries occupied by it were let be to a surprising extent 6 Of course they had some setbacks from the enemies of Anthroposophy among the upper echelons of the Nazi regime but Anthroposophists also had loyal supporters among them so overall Gentile Anthroposophists were not badly hit by the Nazi regime 6 When Rudolf Hess flew to UK their most powerful protector was gone 7 8 9 but Anthroposophists were still not left without supporters among higher placed Nazis 6 Yet when Hitler threatened to suppress the Anthroposophical Society its executive council which had recently expelled much of its membership chose to collaborate rather than resist Marie Steiner Gunther Wachsmuth and Albert Steffen knew of Hitler s violent intentions toward the Jewish people since Hitler s attacks on anthroposophy included the accusation that anthroposophy was aligned with the Jews Rather than standing in solidarity with Hitler s other targets they disavowed any sympathy for Judaism and assured Nazi leaders that both they and Steiner were of pure Aryan heritage 44 McKanan 2017 p 196 compare the 1944 remarks by Marie Steiner railing against the financially powerful Jewish circles who control the press Marie Steiner foreword to Rudolf Steiner Die Weihnachtstagung zur Begrundung der Allgemeinen Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft Dornach Philosophisch Anthroposophischer Verlag am Goetheanum 1944 7 The passage appears unabridged in the current edition of the book from 1994 Staudenmaier 2014 p 170 fn 92See also editEdouard SchureReferences edit Some sources cite birthname as Marie von Sivers Marie Sievers or Marie von Sievers a b c d e Johannes Hemleben Rudolf Steiner A documentary biography Henry Goulden Ltd 1975 ISBN 0 904822 02 8 pp 110 113 German edition Rowohlt Verlag 1990 ISBN 3 499 50079 5 a b c d e f g h Lia Tummer Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy for Beginners Writers and Readers Publishing 2001 ISBN 0 86316 286 X pp 55 62 pp 99 100 pp 115 119 Lindenberg 2011 p 356 Zander 2007 p 241 a b c Staudenmaier 2014 pp 103 106 Rieppel Olivier 2016 Phylogenetic Systematics Haeckel to Hennig CRC Press p 246 ISBN 978 1 4987 5489 7 Retrieved 3 October 2022 Although in his reply Himmler pretended to share Astel s assessment of anthroposophy as a dangerous movement he admitted to be unable to do anything about the school of Rudolf Steiner because Rudolf Hess supported and protected it Douglas Hamilton James 2012 1 Turmoil at the Dictator s Court 11 May 1941 The Truth About Rudolf Hess Mainstream Publishing p unpaginated ISBN 978 1 78057 791 3 Retrieved 2 October 2022 Organisations which Hess had supported such as the Rudolf Steiner schools were closed down Tucker S D 2018 False Economies The Strangest Least Successful and Most Audacious Financial Follies Plans and Crazes of All Time Amberley Publishing p 165 ISBN 978 1 4456 7235 9 Retrieved 3 October 2022 according to Deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess 1894 1987 those sceptics who criticised biodynamic methods on scientific grounds were just carrying out a kind of witch trial against Steiner s followers Biographical resources editWilfried Hammacher Marie Steiner Lebensspuren einer Individualitat Stuttgart Verlag Freies Geistesleben 1998 German ISBN 3 7725 1798 6 Lindenberg Christophe 2011 Rudolf Steiner Eine Biographie 1861 1925 in German Verlag Freies Geistesleben ISBN 978 3 7725 4000 4 Hans Peter van Manen Marie Steiner Her place in world karma London Temple Lodge 1995 ISBN 0 904693 76 7 McKanan Dan 2017 Ecology The Boundaries of Anthroposophy Eco Alchemy Anthroposophy and the History and Future of Environmentalism University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 29006 8 Marie Savitch Marie Steiner von Sivers Fellow worker with Rudolf Steiner London Rudolf Steiner Press 1967 ISBN 0 85440 057 5 Staudenmaier Peter 2014 Between Occultism and Nazism Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era Aries Book Series Brill p 18 ISBN 978 90 04 27015 2 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Though raised Catholic Buchenbacher had partial Jewish ancestry and was considered a half Jew by Nazi standards He emigrated to Switzerland in 1936 According to his post war memoirs approximately two thirds of German anthroposophists more or less succumbed to National Socialism He reported that various influential anthroposophists were deeply infected by Nazi views and staunchly supported Hitler Both Guenther Wachsmuth Secretary of the Swiss based General Anthroposophical Society and Marie Steiner the widow of Rudolf Steiner were described as completely pro Nazi Buchenbacher retrospectively lamented the far reaching Nazi sins of his colleagues 59 Zander Helmut 2007 Anthroposophie in Deutschland Theosophische Weltanschauung und gesellschaftliche Praxis 1884 1945 in German Gottingen Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht ISBN 978 3 525 55452 4 Zander Helmut 2011 Rudolf Steiner Die Biografie Munich Piper External links editBiography German History of the Rudolf Steiner Nachlassverwaltung German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marie Steiner von Sivers amp oldid 1221326348, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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