The modern marathon event was created and later refined through the Olympic competition. The idea of holding a marathon race at the first Olympics was suggested to Pierre de Coubertin by Michel Bréal. Based upon a popular myth stemming from the Battle of Marathon, in which Pheidippides ran to Athens from the town of Marathon, Greece to carry the message of a Greek victory, the 1896 course began in the town of Marathon and finished in Athens' Panathenaic Stadium – a distance of around 40 kilometres (25 mi).[1] On April 10, 1896, Greek water-carrier Spyridon Louis won the first Olympic marathon in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds. The route between Marathon and Panathenaic Stadium was repeated when Athens hosted the 2004 Games.
The race distance varied from 40 to 42 kilometres (25 to 26 mi) in the early editions as it was typically based upon the distance between two points that the organisers felt were suitable. The 1908 London Olympics marked the introduction of the now standard distance of 26 miles, 385 yards (42.195 km).[2] However, it was not until the 1924 Paris Olympics that this distance became the standard at the Olympics.[3]
The Olympic marathon proved immediately popular in the Western world and quickly spawned numerous long-running annual races, including the Boston Marathon in 1897, the Tour de Paris Marathon in 1902, the Yonkers Marathon in 1907, and the London Polytechnic Marathon in 1909. Such marathons played a key role in the expansion of the road running movement internationally over the course of the 20th century.[4][5]
It has become a tradition for the men's Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar, on the final day of the Olympics.[6] For many years since the 1964 Tokyo Games, the race finished inside the Olympic stadium; however, at the 2004 Athens games, the finish was at the historic Panathenaic Stadium, at the 2012 London games, the start and finish were on The Mall,[7] and at the 2016 Rio games, the start and finish were in the Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí, the parade area that serves as a spectator mall for Carnival.[8] At the 2020 Tokyo games, the marathon was instead held in Sapporo due to heat concerns in the host city.[9] Often, the men's marathon medals are awarded at the closing ceremony. In 2020, both the men's and women's medals were presented.
The Olympic records for the event are 2:06:32 hours for men, set by Samuel Wanjiru in 2008, and 2:23:07 hours for women, set by Tiki Gelana in 2012. The men's marathon world record has been improved several times at the Olympics: in 1908, 1920, and then at successive Olympics by Abebe Bikila in 1960 and 1964.[10] Abebe Bikila, Waldemar Cierpinski, and Eliud Kipchoge are the only athletes to have won two Olympic gold medals in the marathon. No athlete has won more than two medals of any colour. Ethiopia have won the most gold medals in the event, with six, while Kenya has the greatest medal total with fifteen overall.
The 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series, with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two-year intervals between the internationally held Olympics. However, this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series. Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the Olympic canon.[16]
At this event a men's marathon was held over 41.86 km and Canada's Billy Sherring won the competition. John Svanberg, the runner-up in the 1906 5-mile race, was also runner-up in the marathon. American William Frank was the bronze medalist.[17]
Martin, David and Roger Glynn. 2000. The Olympic Marathon: The History and Drama of Sport's Most Challenging Event. Human Kinetics; Champaign, Illinois.
. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-03-12.
. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-03-12.
Olympic record progressions
Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-03-12.
^Lovett, Charlie (1997). Prologue: The Legend. Marathon Guide. Retrieved on 2014-03-12.
^. Marathon Run Museum. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^"Mapping out the London Olympic Marathon course". The AZ Blog. 31 July 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^"Visualizing the Rio Olympic Marathon Course". Runner's World. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^INC, SANKEI DIGITAL (2021-08-08). "大迫、服部は先頭集団 男子マラソン５キロ通過". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-08-08.
^Butler, Mark, ed. (2011). (PDF). Monaco: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. pp. 595, 612, 614–615, 705, 707. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
^In the past, the IOC had attributed Théato's medal to France, despite later sources finding that his nationality was Luxembourgish. The IOC website now recognizes Luxembourg.
^"Paris 1900 - Medal Table". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Select "Paris 1900", select "Go to medal table" to arrive at "Paris 1900 Medal Table"
^Arriving without correct documents, a French immigrant to the United States Albert Corey is inconsistently listed as performing in a mixed team in the four mile team race (with four undisputed Americans) and performing for the US in the marathon. Currently IOC attributes his medal in the marathon to the France and the medal in the team race to a mixed team, not to the United States.
^"St. Louis 1904 Athletics Marathon Men Results". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
^ abBoth Sohn Kee-chung and Nam Sung-yong were from Korea. The IOC attributes both medals to Japan due to Korea being a Japanese colony at the time. All Korean Olympians during the Japanese colonial rule could only participate in the games as a representative of Japan and had to compete with Japanese names instead of their original Korean names. However, some sources still refer to Son Kee-chung as the first Korean to win an Olympic marathon today.
marathons, olympics, marathon, summer, olympics, only, road, running, event, held, multi, sport, event, marathon, been, present, olympic, athletics, programme, since, 1896, nearly, ninety, years, later, women, event, added, programme, 1984, olympics, marathona. The marathon at the Summer Olympics is the only road running event held at the multi sport event The men s marathon has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896 Nearly ninety years later the women s event was added to the programme at the 1984 Olympics Marathonat the Olympic GamesBurton Holmes photograph entitled 1896 Three athletes in training for the marathon at the Olympic Games in AthensOverviewSportAthleticsGenderMen and womenYears heldMen 1896 2020 Women 1984 2020Olympic recordMen2 06 32 Samuel Wanjiru 2008 Women2 23 07 Tiki Gelana 2012 Reigning championMen Eliud Kipchoge KEN Women Peres Jepchirchir KEN Contents 1 History 2 Medal summary 2 1 Men 2 1 1 Multiple medalists 2 1 2 Medals by country 2 2 Women 2 2 1 Multiple medalists 2 2 2 Medals by country 3 Intercalated Games 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditThe modern marathon event was created and later refined through the Olympic competition The idea of holding a marathon race at the first Olympics was suggested to Pierre de Coubertin by Michel Breal Based upon a popular myth stemming from the Battle of Marathon in which Pheidippides ran to Athens from the town of Marathon Greece to carry the message of a Greek victory the 1896 course began in the town of Marathon and finished in Athens Panathenaic Stadium a distance of around 40 kilometres 25 mi 1 On April 10 1896 Greek water carrier Spyridon Louis won the first Olympic marathon in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds The route between Marathon and Panathenaic Stadium was repeated when Athens hosted the 2004 Games The race distance varied from 40 to 42 kilometres 25 to 26 mi in the early editions as it was typically based upon the distance between two points that the organisers felt were suitable The 1908 London Olympics marked the introduction of the now standard distance of 26 miles 385 yards 42 195 km 2 However it was not until the 1924 Paris Olympics that this distance became the standard at the Olympics 3 The Olympic marathon proved immediately popular in the Western world and quickly spawned numerous long running annual races including the Boston Marathon in 1897 the Tour de Paris Marathon in 1902 the Yonkers Marathon in 1907 and the London Polytechnic Marathon in 1909 Such marathons played a key role in the expansion of the road running movement internationally over the course of the 20th century 4 5 It has become a tradition for the men s Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar on the final day of the Olympics 6 For many years since the 1964 Tokyo Games the race finished inside the Olympic stadium however at the 2004 Athens games the finish was at the historic Panathenaic Stadium at the 2012 London games the start and finish were on The Mall 7 and at the 2016 Rio games the start and finish were in the Sambadrome Marques de Sapucai the parade area that serves as a spectator mall for Carnival 8 At the 2020 Tokyo games the marathon was instead held in Sapporo due to heat concerns in the host city 9 Often the men s marathon medals are awarded at the closing ceremony In 2020 both the men s and women s medals were presented The Olympic records for the event are 2 06 32 hours for men set by Samuel Wanjiru in 2008 and 2 23 07 hours for women set by Tiki Gelana in 2012 The men s marathon world record has been improved several times at the Olympics in 1908 1920 and then at successive Olympics by Abebe Bikila in 1960 and 1964 10 Abebe Bikila Waldemar Cierpinski and Eliud Kipchoge are the only athletes to have won two Olympic gold medals in the marathon No athlete has won more than two medals of any colour Ethiopia have won the most gold medals in the event with six while Kenya has the greatest medal total with fifteen overall Medal summary EditMen Edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 1896 Athensdetails Spyridon Louis Greece Charilaos Vasilakos Greece Gyula Kellner Hungary1900 Parisdetails Michel Theato Luxembourg 11 12 Emile Champion France Ernst Fast Sweden1904 St Louisdetails Thomas Hicks United States Albert Corey France 13 14 Arthur Newton United States1908 Londondetails Johnny Hayes United States Charles Hefferon South Africa Joseph Forshaw United States1912 Stockholmdetails Ken McArthur South Africa Christian Gitsham South Africa Gaston Strobino United States1920 Antwerpdetails Hannes Kolehmainen Finland Juri Lossmann Estonia Valerio Arri Italy1924 Parisdetails Albin Stenroos Finland Romeo Bertini Italy Clarence DeMar United States1928 Amsterdamdetails Boughera El Ouafi France Manuel Plaza Chile Martti Marttelin Finland1932 Los Angelesdetails Juan Carlos Zabala Argentina Sam Ferris Great Britain Armas Toivonen Finland1936 Berlindetails Sohn Kee chung Japan 15 Ernest Harper Great Britain Nam Sung yong Japan 15 1948 Londondetails Delfo Cabrera Argentina Tom Richards Great Britain Etienne Gailly Belgium1952 Helsinkidetails Emil Zatopek Czechoslovakia Reinaldo Gorno Argentina Gustaf Jansson Sweden1956 Melbournedetails Alain Mimoun France Franjo Mihalic Yugoslavia Veikko Karvonen Finland1960 Romedetails Abebe Bikila Ethiopia Rhadi Ben Abdesselam Morocco Barry Magee New Zealand1964 Tokyodetails Abebe Bikila Ethiopia Basil Heatley Great Britain Kokichi Tsuburaya Japan1968 Mexico Citydetails Mamo Wolde Ethiopia Kenji Kimihara Japan Mike Ryan New Zealand1972 Munichdetails Frank Shorter United States Karel Lismont Belgium Mamo Wolde Ethiopia1976 Montrealdetails Waldemar Cierpinski East Germany Frank Shorter United States Karel Lismont Belgium1980 Moscowdetails Waldemar Cierpinski East Germany Gerard Nijboer Netherlands Satymkul Dzhumanazarov Soviet Union1984 Los Angelesdetails Carlos Lopes Portugal John Treacy Ireland Charlie Spedding Great Britain1988 Seouldetails Gelindo Bordin Italy Douglas Wakiihuri Kenya Ahmed Salah Djibouti1992 Barcelonadetails Hwang Young cho South Korea Koichi Morishita Japan Stephan Freigang Germany1996 Atlantadetails Josia Thugwane South Africa Lee Bong ju South Korea Erick Wainaina Kenya2000 Sydneydetails Gezahegne Abera Ethiopia Erick Wainaina Kenya Tesfaye Tola Ethiopia2004 Athensdetails Stefano Baldini Italy Mebrahtom Keflezighi United States Vanderlei de Lima Brazil2008 Beijingdetails Samuel Wanjiru Kenya Jaouad Gharib Morocco Tsegay Kebede Ethiopia2012 Londondetails Stephen Kiprotich Uganda Abel Kirui Kenya Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich Kenya2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Eliud Kipchoge Kenya Feyisa Lelisa Ethiopia Galen Rupp United States2020 Tokyodetails Eliud Kipchoge Kenya Abdi Nageeye Netherlands Bashir Abdi BelgiumMultiple medalists Edit Rank Athlete Nation Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total1 Abebe Bikila Ethiopia ETH 1960 1964 2 0 0 21 Waldemar Cierpinski East Germany GDR 1976 1980 2 0 0 21 Eliud Kipchoge Kenya KEN 2016 2020 2 0 0 23 Frank Shorter United States USA 1972 1976 1 1 0 24 Mamo Wolde Ethiopia ETH 1968 1972 1 0 1 25 Karel Lismont Belgium BEL 1972 1976 0 1 1 25 Erick Wainaina Kenya KEN 1996 2000 0 1 1 2Medals by country Edit Map of countries best results Men s Marathon As of the 2020 OlympicsRankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 Ethiopia ETH 41382 Kenya KEN 33283 United States USA 325104 France FRA 2204 South Africa RSA 22046 Italy ITA 21147 Argentina ARG 21038 Finland FIN 20359 East Germany GDR 200210 Japan JPN 122511 Greece GRE 1102 South Korea KOR 110213 Czechoslovakia TCH 1001 Luxembourg LUX 1001 Portugal POR 1001 Uganda UGA 100117 Great Britain GBR 041518 Morocco MAR 0202 Netherlands NED 020220 Belgium BEL 013421 Chile CHI 0101 Estonia EST 0101 Ireland IRL 0101 Yugoslavia YUG 010125 New Zealand NZL 0022 Sweden SWE 002227 Brazil BRA 0011 Djibouti DJI 0011 Germany GER 0011 Hungary HUN 0011 Soviet Union URS 0011Totals 31 entries 29292987Women Edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 1984 Los Angelesdetails Joan Benoit United States Grete Waitz Norway Rosa Mota Portugal1988 Seouldetails Rosa Mota Portugal Lisa Martin Australia Katrin Dorre East Germany1992 Barcelonadetails Valentina Yegorova Unified Team Yuko Arimori Japan Lorraine Moller New Zealand1996 Atlantadetails Fatuma Roba Ethiopia Valentina Yegorova Russia Yuko Arimori Japan2000 Sydneydetails Naoko Takahashi Japan Lidia Șimon Romania Joyce Chepchumba Kenya2004 Athensdetails Mizuki Noguchi Japan Catherine Ndereba Kenya Deena Kastor United States2008 Beijingdetails Constantina Tomescu Romania Catherine Ndereba Kenya Zhou Chunxiu China2012 Londondetails Tiki Gelana Ethiopia Priscah Jeptoo Kenya Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova Russia2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Jemima Sumgong Kenya Eunice Kirwa Bahrain Mare Dibaba Ethiopia2020 Tokyodetails Peres Jepchirchir Kenya Brigid Kosgei Kenya Molly Seidel United StatesMultiple medalists Edit Rank Athlete Nation Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total1 Valentina Yegorova Unified Team EUN Russia RUS 1992 1996 1 1 0 22 Rosa Mota Portugal POR 1984 1988 1 0 1 23 Catherine Ndereba Kenya KEN 2004 2008 0 2 0 24 Yuko Arimori Japan JPN 1992 1996 0 1 1 2Medals by country Edit Map of countries best results Women s Marathon As of the 2020 OlympicsRankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 Kenya KEN 24172 Japan JPN 21143 Ethiopia ETH 20134 Romania ROM 11025 United States USA 10236 Portugal POR 10127 Unified Team EUN 10018 Russia RUS 01129 Australia AUS 0101 Bahrain BRN 0101 Norway NOR 010112 China CHN 0011 East Germany GDR 0011 New Zealand NZL 0011Totals 14 entries 10101030Intercalated Games EditThe 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two year intervals between the internationally held Olympics However this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee IOC later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the Olympic canon 16 At this event a men s marathon was held over 41 86 km and Canada s Billy Sherring won the competition John Svanberg the runner up in the 1906 5 mile race was also runner up in the marathon American William Frank was the bronze medalist 17 Games Gold Silver Bronze1906 Athensdetails Billy Sherring CAN John Svanberg SWE William Frank USA References EditParticipation and athlete dataMartin David and Roger Glynn 2000 The Olympic Marathon The History and Drama of Sport s Most Challenging Event Human Kinetics Champaign Illinois Athletics Men s Marathon Medalists Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Athletics Women s Marathon Medalists Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Olympic record progressionsMallon Bill 2012 TRACK amp FIELD ATHLETICS OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS Track and Field News Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Specific Athletics at the 1896 Athina Summer Games Men s Marathon Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Athletics at the 1908 London Summer Games Men s Marathon Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Athletics at the 1924 Paris Summer Games Men s Marathon Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Longest Running Marathons Association of Road Racing Statisticians Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Lovett Charlie 1997 Prologue The Legend Marathon Guide Retrieved on 2014 03 12 Marathon Race Marathon Run Museum Archived from the original on 22 August 2016 Retrieved 21 August 2016 Mapping out the London Olympic Marathon course The AZ Blog 31 July 2012 Retrieved 21 August 2016 Visualizing the Rio Olympic Marathon Course Runner s World 5 August 2016 Retrieved 21 August 2016 INC SANKEI DIGITAL 2021 08 08 大迫 服部は先頭集団 男子マラソン５キロ通過 産経ニュース in Japanese Retrieved 2021 08 08 Butler Mark ed 2011 13th IAAF World Championships In Athletics IAAF Statistics Handbook Daegu 2011 PDF Monaco IAAF Media amp Public Relations Department pp 595 612 614 615 705 707 Archived from the original PDF on August 18 2012 Retrieved September 28 2011 In the past the IOC had attributed Theato s medal to France despite later sources finding that his nationality was Luxembourgish The IOC website now recognizes Luxembourg Paris 1900 Medal Table Olympics com International Olympic Committee Select Paris 1900 select Go to medal table to arrive at Paris 1900 Medal Table Arriving without correct documents a French immigrant to the United States Albert Corey is inconsistently listed as performing in a mixed team in the four mile team race with four undisputed Americans and performing for the US in the marathon Currently IOC attributes his medal in the marathon to the France and the medal in the team race to a mixed team not to the United States St Louis 1904 Athletics Marathon Men Results International Olympic Committee Retrieved 2022 01 31 a b Both Sohn Kee chung and Nam Sung yong were from Korea The IOC attributes both medals to Japan due to Korea being a Japanese colony at the time All Korean Olympians during the Japanese colonial rule could only participate in the games as a representative of Japan and had to compete with Japanese names instead of their original Korean names However some sources still refer to Son Kee chung as the first Korean to win an Olympic marathon today 1906 Athina Summer Games Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 01 26 Athletics at the 1906 Athina Summer Games Men s Marathon Sports Reference Retrieved on 2014 03 12 External links EditIAAF marathon homepage Official Olympics website Olympic athletics records from Track amp Field News Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marathons at the Olympics amp oldid 1126283513, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
