Shepherd Neolithic flint tools discovered at Kamouh el Hermel. 1. End scraper on a flake. 2. Transverse scraper and awl on a thin flake. 3. Borer on a flake blade. 4. Burin with a wide working edge on a heavy flake. All in matt brown flint.
Along with Qaa, Maqne I or Maakne I is a type site of the Shepherd Neolithicindustry. The surface site was discovered in 1957 by M. Billaux and the materials found were studied by Henri Fleisch and Maurice Tallon. Findings were published by Fleisch in 1966.[2] The site is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the town, east of the road that leads from Baalbek to Homs. The Shepherd Neolithic assemblage found resembled that collected from Qaa and was spread over a sterile area of consolidated Neogenealluvialconglomerates. Lorraine Copeland commented that the industry could be found in no particular concentration around a wide area of the northern Beqaa valley. M. Billaux observed that the worked Shepherd Neolithic flints were of far superior quality than the brittle, unworkable flint conglomerates in the area. He suggested that these flints were imported onto the Beqaa plains from elsewhere.[1]
The Shepherd Neolithic industry can be defined firstly by being small and thick in size, with flakes commonly ranging from 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) to 4 centimetres (1.6 in), the thickness distinguishing them from geometricmicroliths. Their second characteristic is the limited number of forms that the tools take, apart from cores being transverse racloirs on small flakes, strong-pointed borers, denticulated or notched thick, short blades and end-scrapers. It was thirdly characterized by a lack of known typology, with only occasional use of Levallois technique. It was determined to be definitely later than the Mesolithic but without any usual forms from the Upper Paleolithic or potteryNeolithic. Henri Fleisch tentatively suggested the industry to be Epipaleolithic and suggested it may have been used by nomadic shepherds.[1] The Shepherd Neolithic has largely been ignored and understudied following the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war.
Tell Maqne
Tell Maqne or Tell Maakne is located in a cemetery 200 metres (660 ft) east of the road between El Ain and Baalbek. It is a mound of grey soil on top of a cliff that overlooks a ravine of the north Nahle that can be accessed by a road to the east of the village. The tell was found by Lorraine Copeland in the August 1966, who collected a variety of cores, scrapers, blades and burins, all with a white patina. Various groups of pottery were found dispersed and broken up around the area. A collection of Early Bronze Agesherds was made that included chevrons and combed impressions resembling similar pieces found at Bchemoun. Another type of pottery found was a thin, yellow and brown washed type considered similar to the "Smeared Wash" type found by Robert John Braidwood at Amuq. Fragments of inverted-rim platters were also discovered with a reddish black burnish. Other sherds were found with a vibrant red or orange burnish that had small, round handles. Another group of pottery found was of a very rough type, made with chaff-holes and large, coarse grits. Other pottery found indicated Roman and later occupations.
Maurice Tallon did not consider that the tumuli to be found on the nearby plains was prehistoric.[3]
References
^ abcL. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 44 & 74. Impr. Catholique. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
^Fleisch, Henri., Notes de Préhistoire Libanaise : 1) Ard es Saoude. 2) La Bekaa Nord. 3) Un polissoir en plein air. BSPF, vol. 63, 1966.
^Tallon, M., Tumulus et Mégalithes du Hermel et de la Beqa Nord. Mélanges de l'Université Saint Joseph, Volume 31, fasc. 3, p. 91, 1959.
External links
Maqneh, Localiban
January 08, 2023
maqne, maakne, arabic, مقنة, town, municipality, baalbek, district, baalbek, hermel, governorate, lebanon, مقنةmaaknelocation, lebanoncoordinates, 07778, 20861, 07778, 20861, coordinates, 07778, 20861, 07778, 20861country, lebanongovernoratebaalbek, hermeldist. Maqne or Maakne Arabic مقنة is a town and municipality in Baalbek District Baalbek Hermel Governorate Lebanon 1 Maqne مقنةMaakneMaqneLocation in LebanonCoordinates 34 4 40 N 36 12 31 E 34 07778 N 36 20861 E 34 07778 36 20861 Coordinates 34 4 40 N 36 12 31 E 34 07778 N 36 20861 E 34 07778 36 20861Country LebanonGovernorateBaalbek HermelDistrictBaalbekTime zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST 3Maqne I Tell MaqneAlternative nameMaakne I Tell MaakneLocationBeqaa Valley LebanonTypeSurface site amp TellPart ofType siteHistoryPeriodsShepherd Neolithic Early Bronze Age Ancient RomeSite notesExcavation dates1957ArchaeologistsM Billaux Maurice Tallon Henri FleischConditionruins Public accessYesShepherd Neolithic flint tools discovered at Kamouh el Hermel 1 End scraper on a flake 2 Transverse scraper and awl on a thin flake 3 Borer on a flake blade 4 Burin with a wide working edge on a heavy flake All in matt brown flint Contents 1 Maqne I 2 Tell Maqne 3 References 4 External linksMaqne I EditAlong with Qaa Maqne I or Maakne I is a type site of the Shepherd Neolithic industry The surface site was discovered in 1957 by M Billaux and the materials found were studied by Henri Fleisch and Maurice Tallon Findings were published by Fleisch in 1966 2 The site is located 1 kilometre 0 62 mi south of the town east of the road that leads from Baalbek to Homs The Shepherd Neolithic assemblage found resembled that collected from Qaa and was spread over a sterile area of consolidated Neogene alluvial conglomerates Lorraine Copeland commented that the industry could be found in no particular concentration around a wide area of the northern Beqaa valley M Billaux observed that the worked Shepherd Neolithic flints were of far superior quality than the brittle unworkable flint conglomerates in the area He suggested that these flints were imported onto the Beqaa plains from elsewhere 1 The Shepherd Neolithic industry can be defined firstly by being small and thick in size with flakes commonly ranging from 2 5 centimetres 0 98 in to 4 centimetres 1 6 in the thickness distinguishing them from geometric microliths Their second characteristic is the limited number of forms that the tools take apart from cores being transverse racloirs on small flakes strong pointed borers denticulated or notched thick short blades and end scrapers It was thirdly characterized by a lack of known typology with only occasional use of Levallois technique It was determined to be definitely later than the Mesolithic but without any usual forms from the Upper Paleolithic or pottery Neolithic Henri Fleisch tentatively suggested the industry to be Epipaleolithic and suggested it may have been used by nomadic shepherds 1 The Shepherd Neolithic has largely been ignored and understudied following the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war Tell Maqne EditTell Maqne or Tell Maakne is located in a cemetery 200 metres 660 ft east of the road between El Ain and Baalbek It is a mound of grey soil on top of a cliff that overlooks a ravine of the north Nahle that can be accessed by a road to the east of the village The tell was found by Lorraine Copeland in the August 1966 who collected a variety of cores scrapers blades and burins all with a white patina Various groups of pottery were found dispersed and broken up around the area A collection of Early Bronze Age sherds was made that included chevrons and combed impressions resembling similar pieces found at Bchemoun Another type of pottery found was a thin yellow and brown washed type considered similar to the Smeared Wash type found by Robert John Braidwood at Amuq Fragments of inverted rim platters were also discovered with a reddish black burnish Other sherds were found with a vibrant red or orange burnish that had small round handles Another group of pottery found was of a very rough type made with chaff holes and large coarse grits Other pottery found indicated Roman and later occupations Maurice Tallon did not consider that the tumuli to be found on the nearby plains was prehistoric 3 References Edit a b c L Copeland P Wescombe 1966 Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon North South and East Central Lebanon p 44 amp 74 Impr Catholique Retrieved 29 August 2011 Fleisch Henri Notes de Prehistoire Libanaise 1 Ard es Saoude 2 La Bekaa Nord 3 Un polissoir en plein air BSPF vol 63 1966 Tallon M Tumulus et Megalithes du Hermel et de la Beqa Nord Melanges de l Universite Saint Joseph Volume 31 fasc 3 p 91 1959 External links EditMaqneh Localiban Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maqne amp oldid 1115168123, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
