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Mapocho River

The River Mapocho (Spanish: Río Mapocho) (Mapudungun: Mapu chuco, "water that penetrates the land") is a river in Chile. It flows from its source in the Andes mountains onto the west and divides Chile's capital Santiago in two.

River Mapocho
The Mapocho crossing Providencia district (looking east)
Location
CountryChile
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • coordinates33°22′25″S 70°23′49″W / 33.3735°S 70.397°W / -33.3735; -70.397
 • elevation1,200 to 252 m (3,937 to 827 ft)[1]
Mouth 
 • location
Maipo River
 • coordinates
33°26′37″S 70°49′26″W / 33.44367°S 70.82392°W / -33.44367; -70.82392
Length110 km (68 mi)[2]
Basin size4,230 km2 (1,630 sq mi)[2]

Course

The Mapocho begins at the confluence of the San Francisco River and Molina River in the Andes. The main tributary of the former is Yerba Loca Creek, which drains the protected area that bears its same name. Molina River is fed by Iver Glacier, which lies on Cerro El Plomo. A few kilometres westward from its source, the Mapocho receives the waters of the Arrayán Creek and enters to the urban area of Santiago.

The last western spurs of the Andes in this area force a change in the direction of the river, making that it begin to flow toward the south. In the vicinity of Cerro San Cristóbal and just to the side of the Costanera Center project, the river collects the waters of the Canal San Carlos. From here, the river flows in a generally southwesterly direction to Plaza Baquedano area, which is a focal point of the city and the site where formerly the Mapocho split into two branches. The southern branch was turned into a promenade during the early years of the republic, and is now the Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins avenue.

The river then turns northwest. In this portion of its course, some of the most meaningful landmarks of the city, arose along its southern bank. Those include the Parque Forestal, the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, the Mercado Central and the Estación Mapocho. Farther northwest, two highway bridges connect the north and south sides of the river, which are part of the two branches of the Autopista Central.

Approximately at the longitude of the summit of Cerro Renca, the Mapocho changes its northwesterly flow to a southwesterly direction. From the southern portion of Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, the river turns south, to its outfall into the Maipo River.

Cultural role

 
Political propaganda on the walls of the river, in this case a failed presidential candidate Leonardo Farkas

Until the 19th century, the river was the north border of Santiago, hence it was the arrival place for trains from north Chile, at the Estación Mapocho, later also the bus station to the north. Also the Vega Central, the main business place for provisioning Santiago with foods as well as the Mercado Central. Until the first half of the 20th century the (channeled) riverbed was meeting point of homeless people and petty criminals.

Since the 1970s the walls of the "channel" in Santiago, seen daily by thousands "Santiaguinos" have been used for political propaganda. Every year a Hazing Regatta sails the river downwards during the celebrations of the beginning of the year at the University of Chile.

Pollution

In March 2009, only 68% of the wastewater in Santiago was treated,[3] though this increased to 81% by the end of the year.

The Mapocho remains contaminated by household, agricultural and industrial sewage, and by upstream copper-mining waste (from the several copper mines in the Andes, east of Santiago), being dumped unfiltered into the river.[4] Laws force industry and local governments to process all their wastewater, but are loosely enforced.[5] There are now a number of large wastewater processing and recycling plants under construction. There are ongoing plans to decontaminate the river[6] and make it navigable.[7]

Floods

In April 2016, following heavy rain, the swollen river flooded property in Santiago and contaminated the drinking water supply for millions of people.[8]

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
  2. ^ a b Chilean Government; Ministry of Education – Río Mapocho 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Revista Ecoamérica. (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2008-02-11. permitirá pasar del 68 al 81% en el tratamiento de las aguas servidas
  4. ^ El Mercurio. "Región Metropolitana saneará el 100% de aguas servidas al 2020" (in Spanish). Fundación Terram. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
  5. ^ Comisión Regional Metropolitana del Medio Ambiente. (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2008-07-28. Retrieved 2008-11-02. se calcula que sólo el 77% de las industrias del país cumple con la norma de RILES existente
  6. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-11-02. Proyecto Mapocho Urbano Limpio
  7. ^ Fundación Futuro. (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2018-09-27. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
  8. ^ "Santiago, Chile: Huge floods". The Week. 29 April 2016.

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The River Mapocho Spanish Rio Mapocho Mapudungun Mapu chuco water that penetrates the land is a river in Chile It flows from its source in the Andes mountains onto the west and divides Chile s capital Santiago in two River MapochoThe Mapocho crossing Providencia district looking east LocationCountryChilePhysical characteristicsSource coordinates33 22 25 S 70 23 49 W 33 3735 S 70 397 W 33 3735 70 397 elevation1 200 to 252 m 3 937 to 827 ft 1 Mouth locationMaipo River coordinates33 26 37 S 70 49 26 W 33 44367 S 70 82392 W 33 44367 70 82392Length110 km 68 mi 2 Basin size4 230 km2 1 630 sq mi 2 Contents 1 Course 2 Cultural role 3 Pollution 4 Floods 5 ReferencesCourse EditThe Mapocho begins at the confluence of the San Francisco River and Molina River in the Andes The main tributary of the former is Yerba Loca Creek which drains the protected area that bears its same name Molina River is fed by Iver Glacier which lies on Cerro El Plomo A few kilometres westward from its source the Mapocho receives the waters of the Arrayan Creek and enters to the urban area of Santiago The last western spurs of the Andes in this area force a change in the direction of the river making that it begin to flow toward the south In the vicinity of Cerro San Cristobal and just to the side of the Costanera Center project the river collects the waters of the Canal San Carlos From here the river flows in a generally southwesterly direction to Plaza Baquedano area which is a focal point of the city and the site where formerly the Mapocho split into two branches The southern branch was turned into a promenade during the early years of the republic and is now the Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O Higgins avenue The river then turns northwest In this portion of its course some of the most meaningful landmarks of the city arose along its southern bank Those include the Parque Forestal the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes the Mercado Central and the Estacion Mapocho Farther northwest two highway bridges connect the north and south sides of the river which are part of the two branches of the Autopista Central Approximately at the longitude of the summit of Cerro Renca the Mapocho changes its northwesterly flow to a southwesterly direction From the southern portion of Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport the river turns south to its outfall into the Maipo River Cultural role Edit Political propaganda on the walls of the river in this case a failed presidential candidate Leonardo FarkasUntil the 19th century the river was the north border of Santiago hence it was the arrival place for trains from north Chile at the Estacion Mapocho later also the bus station to the north Also the Vega Central the main business place for provisioning Santiago with foods as well as the Mercado Central Until the first half of the 20th century the channeled riverbed was meeting point of homeless people and petty criminals Since the 1970s the walls of the channel in Santiago seen daily by thousands Santiaguinos have been used for political propaganda Every year a Hazing Regatta sails the river downwards during the celebrations of the beginning of the year at the University of Chile Pollution EditIn March 2009 only 68 of the wastewater in Santiago was treated 3 though this increased to 81 by the end of the year The Mapocho remains contaminated by household agricultural and industrial sewage and by upstream copper mining waste from the several copper mines in the Andes east of Santiago being dumped unfiltered into the river 4 Laws force industry and local governments to process all their wastewater but are loosely enforced 5 There are now a number of large wastewater processing and recycling plants under construction There are ongoing plans to decontaminate the river 6 and make it navigable 7 Floods EditIn April 2016 following heavy rain the swollen river flooded property in Santiago and contaminated the drinking water supply for millions of people 8 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mapocho River Blog amp Opinion Archived from the original on 2012 07 17 Retrieved 2012 07 14 a b Chilean Government Ministry of Education Rio Mapocho Archived 2007 09 29 at the Wayback Machine Revista Ecoamerica Cruzada ambiental por el Mapocho limpio in Spanish Archived from the original on 2012 02 16 Retrieved 2008 02 11 permitira pasar del 68 al 81 en el tratamiento de las aguas servidas El Mercurio Region Metropolitana saneara el 100 de aguas servidas al 2020 in Spanish Fundacion Terram Retrieved 2008 02 11 Comision Regional Metropolitana del Medio Ambiente Agua Recurso Escaso y Vital in Spanish Archived from the original on 2008 07 28 Retrieved 2008 11 02 se calcula que solo el 77 de las industrias del pais cumple con la norma de RILES existente Mapocho urbano limpio El rio sonado PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2008 06 25 Retrieved 2008 11 02 Proyecto Mapocho Urbano Limpio Fundacion Futuro Proyecto Mapocho in Spanish Archived from the original on 2018 09 27 Retrieved 2008 07 30 Santiago Chile Huge floods The Week 29 April 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mapocho River amp oldid 1165677465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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