Manuel II (Greek: Μανουήλ; died 3 November 1254) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1244 to 1255. Because of the Latin occupation of Constantinople (1204–61), Manuel resided at the temporary Byzantine capital in Nicaea. He worked in close collaboration with Emperor John III Ducas Vatatzes, particularly in negotiations concerning possible union with the Roman Church. In 1249, Manuel II was likely involved with the delegation from Pope Innocent IV and led by the Franciscan friar John of Parma, which arrived at the temporary Patriarchal seat in Nymphaeum in 1249 and until 1250, there to debate the filioque against the Orthodox spokesman Nikephoros Blemmydes. The delegation from the Pope returned to him with a note from the Patriarch which exhorted unity under Christ as the only head of the Church, avoiding the term "Schism" and referring only to the "separation" of the Churches.[1] In 1253, the Emperor and Manuel sent envoys to Pope Innocent IV to more formally discuss ecclesiastical union, renewing these negotiations. These were conducted in Perugia, and appear to have achieved some entente, with Innocent acknowledging the sincerity of the Orthodox Church's desire for union. Despite continued disagreement about the filioque clause in the Nicene Creed, negotiations continued, which resulted in an initial offer of formal recognition of the Greek patriarchate. No further progress was made after 1254, however, as the architects of the entente--Pope Innovent IV, the Emperor John Vatatzes, and the Patriarch Manuel II--all died within a few months of each other, and the impetus was lost.[2]
In 1247–48 he wrote to the Armenian King Hethum I and the Catholicos regarding their relations with the Byzantine Church, and in July 1250 he composed a series of responses to canonical questions. In 1253–54 he received solemn assurance, under pain of censure, from the regent Michael VIII Palaeologus, that he would not intrigue against the Emperor of Nicaea, Theodore II Lascaris (1254–58); and early in 1254 he addressed a letter to the emperor instructing him on his duties.
Manuel held, before his patriarchate, the position of protopapas among the ecclesiastics of the Byzantine court, then fixed at Nicea. Noted as a man of piety and holiness, "though married," Akropolites comments sourly that he was a man "who had no experience of letters, nor was able to unravel the meaning of what he read".[3] The three Sententice Synodales of the patriarch Manuel given in the Jus Graeco-Romanum undoubtedly belong to this patriarch.[4]
Manuel's death is distinctly fixed as having occurred two months before that of the Emperor John III Ducas Vatatzes, on 30 October 1255. The duration of his patriarchate is fixed by Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, at eleven years. George Akropolites and Xanthopoulos both suggest the throne was vacant "for some years" before Manuel was appointed.[5] It is therefore relatively certain Manuel died in office that year, before 3 November, 1255.
Angold, Michael. Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni 1081-1261. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. ISBN9780511562341
Grumel, V. (ed.) Les Regestes des actes du Patriarcat de Constantinople, 2e éd., Institut français d'études byzantines, Paris (3, rue François 1er, 75008), 1971.
Hussey, J.M. The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. ISBN9780199582761
Kazhdan, Alexander (1991), The Oxford Dictionary Of Byzantium, Oxford University Press
Macrides, Ruth. George Akropolites: The History - Introduction, translation and commentary. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN9780199210671
Migne, Patrologia Graeca vols. 145-147 - Greek text and Latin translation.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 648.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Manuel II of Constantinople news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message Manuel II Greek Manoyhl died 3 November 1254 was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1244 to 1255 Because of the Latin occupation of Constantinople 1204 61 Manuel resided at the temporary Byzantine capital in Nicaea He worked in close collaboration with Emperor John III Ducas Vatatzes particularly in negotiations concerning possible union with the Roman Church In 1249 Manuel II was likely involved with the delegation from Pope Innocent IV and led by the Franciscan friar John of Parma which arrived at the temporary Patriarchal seat in Nymphaeum in 1249 and until 1250 there to debate the filioque against the Orthodox spokesman Nikephoros Blemmydes The delegation from the Pope returned to him with a note from the Patriarch which exhorted unity under Christ as the only head of the Church avoiding the term Schism and referring only to the separation of the Churches 1 In 1253 the Emperor and Manuel sent envoys to Pope Innocent IV to more formally discuss ecclesiastical union renewing these negotiations These were conducted in Perugia and appear to have achieved some entente with Innocent acknowledging the sincerity of the Orthodox Church s desire for union Despite continued disagreement about the filioque clause in the Nicene Creed negotiations continued which resulted in an initial offer of formal recognition of the Greek patriarchate No further progress was made after 1254 however as the architects of the entente Pope Innovent IV the Emperor John Vatatzes and the Patriarch Manuel II all died within a few months of each other and the impetus was lost 2 Manuel II of ConstantinopleEcumenical Patriarch of ConstantinopleChurchChurch of ConstantinopleIn office1243 3 November 1254PredecessorMethodius II of ConstantinopleSuccessorArsenios AutoreianosPersonal detailsBorn Died3 November 1254 In 1247 48 he wrote to the Armenian King Hethum I and the Catholicos regarding their relations with the Byzantine Church and in July 1250 he composed a series of responses to canonical questions In 1253 54 he received solemn assurance under pain of censure from the regent Michael VIII Palaeologus that he would not intrigue against the Emperor of Nicaea Theodore II Lascaris 1254 58 and early in 1254 he addressed a letter to the emperor instructing him on his duties Manuel held before his patriarchate the position of protopapas among the ecclesiastics of the Byzantine court then fixed at Nicea Noted as a man of piety and holiness though married Akropolites comments sourly that he was a man who had no experience of letters nor was able to unravel the meaning of what he read 3 The three Sententice Synodales of the patriarch Manuel given in the Jus Graeco Romanum undoubtedly belong to this patriarch 4 Manuel s death is distinctly fixed as having occurred two months before that of the Emperor John III Ducas Vatatzes on 30 October 1255 The duration of his patriarchate is fixed by Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos at eleven years George Akropolites and Xanthopoulos both suggest the throne was vacant for some years before Manuel was appointed 5 It is therefore relatively certain Manuel died in office that year before 3 November 1255 Notes edit Hussey p 217 Angold p 526 Akropolites p 51 Grumel ed Macrides p 223 amp p 225 n 14References editAngold Michael Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni 1081 1261 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1995 ISBN 9780511562341 Grumel V ed Les Regestes des actes du Patriarcat de Constantinople 2e ed Institut francais d etudes byzantines Paris 3 rue Francois 1er 75008 1971 Hussey J M The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire Oxford Oxford University Press 1986 ISBN 9780199582761 Kazhdan Alexander 1991 The Oxford Dictionary Of Byzantium Oxford University Press Macrides Ruth George Akropolites The History Introduction translation and commentary Oxford University Press 2007 ISBN 9780199210671 Migne Patrologia Graeca vols 145 147 Greek text and Latin translation nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 648 Eastern Orthodox Church titles Preceded byMethodius II Patriarch of ConstantinopleIn exile at Nicaea1240 1255 Succeeded byArsenius Autoreianus nbsp This article about an Eastern Orthodox bishop is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This Byzantine biographical article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Manuel II of Constantinople amp oldid 1222822970, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
