Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira
Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, GCC, GCSE, GCIH (29 November 1888, Lousado, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal[1] – 2 August 1977, Buraca, Amadora, Portugal[2]) was a Portuguese cardinal who served as Patriarch of Lisbon from 1929 to 1971. He was the last surviving cardinal elevated by Pope Pius XI, and his cardinalate of forty-eight years was the longest since the fifty-eight-year cardinalate of Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal-Duke of York which lasted from 1747 to 1805. He took part in three conclaves: in 1939, 1958 and 1963. Although there were seven other cardinals elevated by Pius XI who participated in the 1963 conclave, Cerejeira was the longest-serving living cardinal from the death of Jozef-Ernest van Roey on 6 August 1961 until his own death almost exactly sixteen years later.
Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal, Patriarch of Lisbon | |
Cardinal Cerejeira in 1960 | |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Lisbon |
| Appointed | 1929 |
| In office | 5 August 1929 – 10 May 1971 |
| Predecessor | António Mendes Belo |
| Successor | António Ribeiro |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1 April 1911 |
| Consecration | 17 June 1928 by Manuel Luís Coelho da Silva |
| Created cardinal | 16 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira November 29, 1888 Lousado, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 2 August 1977 (aged 88) Buraca, Portugal |
| Buried | Pantheon of the Patriarchs, Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Signature | |
| Coat of arms | |
| Styles of Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Lisbon |
Family edit
Cerejeira was the eldest of three sons and four daughters of Avelino Gonçalves Cerejeira (1857[3] – 1927), a merchant from Lugar da Serra, and his wife, Joaquina Gonçalves Rebelo (1864[4] – 1918). His mother had resided at the Parish of Lousado since her childhood and became a country woman (i.e., a peasant woman) upon marriage. Manuel's younger brothers were Júlio (b. 1901), a medical doctor, Joaquim, a lawyer, and António, a university employee. One of his younger sisters was a nun and one was called Carolina.[5]
Early life edit
He was educated at the seminary in Braga from a young age and became a priest in 1911. Following his ordination, he became a faculty member of the University of Coimbra, during which time he became a respected and revered intellectual and religious figure. He also met António de Oliveira Salazar and the two later became leading figures in the Centro Académico de Democracia Cristã (Academic Centre for Christian Democracy), which supported the Catholic Church's social doctrine.
Career edit
In 1928, Cerejeira became a bishop and was elevated to the patriarchate of Lisbon the following year, at the age of forty-one. He replaced António Mendes Belo, who had experienced two very different periods during his twenty-year cardinalate: a time of anti-church hostility in the first years of the Portuguese republic and a more church-friendly climate following the military coup of 1926. Cerejeira was appointed cardinal a month after his appointment as patriarch. At the time of his elevation, he became the youngest member of the College of Cardinals. The closest approach was made by António Ribeiro, his successor as Patriarch of Lisbon, who was made a cardinal in 1973, three months before his forty-fifth birthday.
During his extraordinarily long career as Portugal's leading Catholic churchman, Cerejeira often became associated with the authoritarian right-wing Estado Novo. This was the result of his friendship with Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, who had been a university colleague of his at Coimbra, and his endorsement of many of the Estado Novo's policies. He signed the Concordat of 1940 between Portugal and the Catholic Church. However, although he was considered a conservative, he accepted the Vatican Council II reforms more readily than Salazar. He was criticized for not being more vocal on his support of the Bishop of Porto, António Ferreira Gomes, who was forced to a 10 years exile after having written a critical letter to the Portuguese dictator.
On January 1, 1971, he lost the right to participate in a conclave, having already reached age 80.
Honours edit
- Grand-Cross of the Order of Christ, Portugal (March 5, 1932)[6]
- Grand-Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Portugal (May 14, 1936)[6]
- Grand-Cross of the Order of Prince Henry, Portugal (December 27, 1960)[6]
Notes and references edit
- ^ Baptised in Vila Nova de Famalicão at the Parochial Church of Santa Marinha de Lousado, 3 December 1888, being his Godfather his maternal grandfather, of whom he inherited the name.
- ^ Other sources say he died in Lisbon, Benfica, on 11 August 1977.
- ^ Baptised in Vila Nova de Famalicão, Lousado, on 16 April 1857.
- ^ Baptised in Fafe, (São Bartolomeu de) Vila Cova, on 1 June 1864
- ^ Fotobiografias do Século XX, Photobiography of Cardinal Cerejeira, Círculo de Leitores
- ^ a b c "CIDADÃOS NACIONAIS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas". www.ordens.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Bibliography edit
- Lusitania Sacra. 2a serie (in Portuguese). Vol. Tomo 2: Pensamento e obra do Cardeal Cerejaira. Lisboa: CEHR-UCP. 1990. GGKEY:EZ1X9XDG420. [collection, on centenary of birth of Cerejaira]