Manthos or Matthaios Papagiannis (Greek: Μάνθος or Ματθαίος Παπαγιάννης, ? – died between 1580 and 1596) was a Greek noble and revolutionary. He was involved in various plots to overthrow Ottoman rule in the northern regions of Epirus.[1][2] For many years, Papagiannis attempted to convince various rulers of Western Europe to lend him military support for an uprising against the Ottoman Empire.[3]
Papagiannis was born in Argyrocastro, Epirus region, Ottoman Empire (modern Gjirokastër, southern Albania) to a local Greek family.[1] He was one of the representatives of the town's Greek community.[4] Papagiannis was one of the most active merchants in his homeland as well as in the nearby Venetian possessions on the Ionian coast.[5]
Plans to trigger Western interventionedit
Papagiannis organized a rebellion against Ottoman rule after the Battle of Lepanto (1571), where the Ottoman fleet was defeated by the Holy League.[2] He initiated correspondence with various Western European rulers, where he propagated that his compatriots were eager to cast off Ottoman rule. He also claimed that a victory could be easily achieved with the creation of an anti-Ottoman alliance with the local Greek subjects.[6] In 1572, after securing the support of various local Orthodox metropolitan bishops, especially Joachim of Ohrid, he moved to Venice. There he negotiated with Doge Sebastiano Venier for the possibility of Venetian involvement in the revolt.[7] In February–April 1572, a Venetian fleet of twelve galleys was ready to attack the coastal region of Delvine. However, Venier recalled the attack order, in fear that his manpower was not enough for a successful assault. The Venetian activity was limited to a minor raid against the coastal village of Mazaraki on the Ionian coast.[8] Nevertheless, Venice ultimately decided to make peace with the Ottomans and Papagiannis's proposals were dismissed.[7]
The following year, Papagiannis, together with another local noble from Argyrocastro, Panos Kestolikos, moved to Naples and asked the Spaniards to support their revolutionary plan. They also discussed the possibility of an anti-Ottoman armed struggle with the head of the Holy League, John of Austria, "as Greek representatives of enslaved Greece and Albania".[9][10][11] John was eager to provide the necessary support for an immediate revolt,[4] but the Spanish dismissed the plans. They provided only a limited amount of money to Papagiannis in exchange for remaining in their service as an agent.[11]
After the dissolution of the Holy League, both Papagiannis and Kestolikos approached Philip II of Spain (r. 1554–1558).[3] In 1574, Papagiannis was in Ottoman-controlled Epirus to prepare another planned revolt.[12] The following year, he was located in Himara, on the Ionian coast, together with Basque spy Antonio de Echavarri, in order to determine if the situation was ripe for that purpose.[13] Later, in 1577, he established contacts with Spanish spy Martin de Acuna in Constantinople.[14]
Later lifeedit
After several unsuccessful attempts to trigger Western intervention against the Ottoman Empire and agitating for the liberation of the northern part of Epirus, Papagiannis's plans were exposed to the Ottomans. He escaped to Western Europe,[15] but his property was confiscated by the Ottoman authorities and his wife and children were arrested and jailed.[16] The local rural communities were also subjected to Ottoman punishment, even those that were not involved with the preparations.[3]
Papagiannis died between 1580 and 1596.[17] His daughter, Argyro, moved to Venice where she received a monthly allowance from the Venetian Republic.[18] The subsequent revolt of Himara brought another wave of anti-Ottoman activity in 1596.[19]
Referencesedit
Citationsedit
^ abCini 1974, p. 238: "Delusi rimasero pure i ribelli dell'Epiro del Nord, dove si erano sollevati i notabili greci di Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis e Panos Kestolicos. Questi notabili si erano accordati con l'arcivescovo di Ochrida Ioachim ed anche con alcuni metropolis della Macedonia occidentale e dell'Epiro, si erano assicurati promesse di Don Juan per un sostegno armato... [Disappointed were also the rebels of Northern Epirus, where they had raised the Greek notables of Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis and Panos Kestolicos. These chiefs had agreed with the Archbishop of Ochrida Ioachim and also with some metropolitans of western Macedonia and Epirus, and had secured promises of Don Juan for armed support...]"
^ abcChasiotis 2011, p. 440: "...of two notables of Argyrokastro...Papagiannis persisted for a long period — up to 1577 at least — with his attempts to persuade, either through personal contacts or in writing, first the commander-in-chief of the League, Don Juan of Austria, and, after its dissolution, King Philip II of Spain, to give military support to the uprising which was being planned."
^Vacalopoulos 1973, p. 195: "The endeavours of two Epirote Greeks, Matthew (or Manthos) Papayiannis and Panos Kestolikos, are worthy of mention at this point. As "Greek representatives of enslaved Greece and Albania", they came to an understanding with Don John of Austria, who was probably at that moment in Corcyra in connection with the second campaign of the Holy Alliance against the Turks in 1572."
^Chasiotis 1965, p. 241: "...embajadores griegos de la baja Grecia y Alvania..."
Chasiotis, Ioannis K. (1 January 1965). "Archbishop Joackeim of Ochrid and Conspiracy Movements in Northern Epirus (1572–1576)" (PDF). Makedonika (in Greek). 6 (1): 237. doi:10.12681/makedonika.549. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
Chasiotis, Ioannis K. (2011). Modern and Contemporary Macedonia: Anti-Turkish Movements before the 1821 Greek Revolution. Papazisis Publishers.
Cini, Giorgio (1974). Il Mediterraneo Nella Seconda Metà Del '500 Alla Luce Di Lepanto (in Italian). Firenze: Editore Leo S. Olschki.
Korre, Katerina (2013). "History of the Greek People in 16th century Northern Epirus: The case of Matthaios Papagiannis". History-Scholars: Epirus and Ioannina from 1430 to 1912 (in Greek).
Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). History of Macedonia, 1354–1833. Thessalonica: Institute for Balkan Studies.
January 01, 1970
manthos, papagiannis, manthos, matthaios, papagiannis, greek, Μάνθος, Ματθαίος, Παπαγιάννης, died, between, 1580, 1596, greek, noble, revolutionary, involved, various, plots, overthrow, ottoman, rule, northern, regions, epirus, many, years, papagiannis, attemp. Manthos or Matthaios Papagiannis Greek Man8os or Mat8aios Papagiannhs died between 1580 and 1596 was a Greek noble and revolutionary He was involved in various plots to overthrow Ottoman rule in the northern regions of Epirus 1 2 For many years Papagiannis attempted to convince various rulers of Western Europe to lend him military support for an uprising against the Ottoman Empire 3 Manthos PapagiannisNative nameMan8os or Mat8aios PapagiannhsBornArgyrocastro Epirus region Ottoman EmpireDiedBetween 1580 and 1596OccupationNoble and revolutionary Contents 1 Early life 2 Plans to trigger Western intervention 3 Later life 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 SourcesEarly life editPapagiannis was born in Argyrocastro Epirus region Ottoman Empire modern Gjirokaster southern Albania to a local Greek family 1 He was one of the representatives of the town s Greek community 4 Papagiannis was one of the most active merchants in his homeland as well as in the nearby Venetian possessions on the Ionian coast 5 Plans to trigger Western intervention editPapagiannis organized a rebellion against Ottoman rule after the Battle of Lepanto 1571 where the Ottoman fleet was defeated by the Holy League 2 He initiated correspondence with various Western European rulers where he propagated that his compatriots were eager to cast off Ottoman rule He also claimed that a victory could be easily achieved with the creation of an anti Ottoman alliance with the local Greek subjects 6 In 1572 after securing the support of various local Orthodox metropolitan bishops especially Joachim of Ohrid he moved to Venice There he negotiated with Doge Sebastiano Venier for the possibility of Venetian involvement in the revolt 7 In February April 1572 a Venetian fleet of twelve galleys was ready to attack the coastal region of Delvine However Venier recalled the attack order in fear that his manpower was not enough for a successful assault The Venetian activity was limited to a minor raid against the coastal village of Mazaraki on the Ionian coast 8 Nevertheless Venice ultimately decided to make peace with the Ottomans and Papagiannis s proposals were dismissed 7 The following year Papagiannis together with another local noble from Argyrocastro Panos Kestolikos moved to Naples and asked the Spaniards to support their revolutionary plan They also discussed the possibility of an anti Ottoman armed struggle with the head of the Holy League John of Austria as Greek representatives of enslaved Greece and Albania 9 10 11 John was eager to provide the necessary support for an immediate revolt 4 but the Spanish dismissed the plans They provided only a limited amount of money to Papagiannis in exchange for remaining in their service as an agent 11 After the dissolution of the Holy League both Papagiannis and Kestolikos approached Philip II of Spain r 1554 1558 3 In 1574 Papagiannis was in Ottoman controlled Epirus to prepare another planned revolt 12 The following year he was located in Himara on the Ionian coast together with Basque spy Antonio de Echavarri in order to determine if the situation was ripe for that purpose 13 Later in 1577 he established contacts with Spanish spy Martin de Acuna in Constantinople 14 Later life editAfter several unsuccessful attempts to trigger Western intervention against the Ottoman Empire and agitating for the liberation of the northern part of Epirus Papagiannis s plans were exposed to the Ottomans He escaped to Western Europe 15 but his property was confiscated by the Ottoman authorities and his wife and children were arrested and jailed 16 The local rural communities were also subjected to Ottoman punishment even those that were not involved with the preparations 3 Papagiannis died between 1580 and 1596 17 His daughter Argyro moved to Venice where she received a monthly allowance from the Venetian Republic 18 The subsequent revolt of Himara brought another wave of anti Ottoman activity in 1596 19 References editCitations edit a b Cini 1974 p 238 Delusi rimasero pure i ribelli dell Epiro del Nord dove si erano sollevati i notabili greci di Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis e Panos Kestolicos Questi notabili si erano accordati con l arcivescovo di Ochrida Ioachim ed anche con alcuni metropolis della Macedonia occidentale e dell Epiro si erano assicurati promesse di Don Juan per un sostegno armato Disappointed were also the rebels of Northern Epirus where they had raised the Greek notables of Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis and Panos Kestolicos These chiefs had agreed with the Archbishop of Ochrida Ioachim and also with some metropolitans of western Macedonia and Epirus and had secured promises of Don Juan for armed support a b Korre 2013 p 149 a b c Chasiotis 2011 p 440 of two notables of Argyrokastro Papagiannis persisted for a long period up to 1577 at least with his attempts to persuade either through personal contacts or in writing first the commander in chief of the League Don Juan of Austria and after its dissolution King Philip II of Spain to give military support to the uprising which was being planned a b Chasiotis 1965 pp 239 240 Korre 2013 p 154 Chasiotis 1965 p 241 a b Korre 2013 p 150 Korre 2013 p 160 Vacalopoulos 1973 p 195 The endeavours of two Epirote Greeks Matthew or Manthos Papayiannis and Panos Kestolikos are worthy of mention at this point As Greek representatives of enslaved Greece and Albania they came to an understanding with Don John of Austria who was probably at that moment in Corcyra in connection with the second campaign of the Holy Alliance against the Turks in 1572 Chasiotis 1965 p 241 embajadores griegos de la baja Grecia y Alvania a b Korre 2013 p 161 Chasiotis 1965 p 244 Korre 2013 p 162 Korre 2013 p 163 Chasiotis 1965 p 248 Korre 2013 p 151 Korre 2013 p 156 Korre 2013 p 155 Korre 2013 pp 165 166 Sources edit Chasiotis Ioannis K 1 January 1965 Archbishop Joackeim of Ochrid and Conspiracy Movements in Northern Epirus 1572 1576 PDF Makedonika in Greek 6 1 237 doi 10 12681 makedonika 549 Retrieved 4 May 2016 Chasiotis Ioannis K 2011 Modern and Contemporary Macedonia Anti Turkish Movements before the 1821 Greek Revolution Papazisis Publishers Cini Giorgio 1974 Il Mediterraneo Nella Seconda Meta Del 500 Alla Luce Di Lepanto in Italian Firenze Editore Leo S Olschki Korre Katerina 2013 History of the Greek People in 16th century Northern Epirus The case of Matthaios Papagiannis History Scholars Epirus and Ioannina from 1430 to 1912 in Greek Vacalopoulos Apostolos E 1973 History of Macedonia 1354 1833 Thessalonica Institute for Balkan Studies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Manthos Papagiannis amp oldid 1106502605, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
