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Malygin (1912 icebreaker)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the icebreaker built in 1912. For other Russian and Soviet icebreakers named Malygin, see Malygin (icebreaker).

The steamship Malygin (Малыгин) was a Soviet icebreaker of 3,200 tonnes displacement. She was named after Stepan Malygin.

Postage stamp image
History
NameMalygin
NamesakeStepan Malygin
OwnerSoviet Union
Port of registryMurmansk
BuilderNapier and Miller, Glasgow
Yard number181
Launched9 December 1911
CompletedFebruary 1912
Acquired12 February 1912 (Reid Newfoundland Company); 1915 (Imperial Russian Government)
FateSunk in a storm on 27/28 October 1940
General characteristics
Tonnage1,553 gross register
Displacement3200 tonnes
Length78.9 m
Beam14.2 m
PropulsionOne 3-cylinder triple-expansion engine
Speed15 knots
Crew98
The Malygin and LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin on a Soviet stamp (1931)

Design and construction edit

The icebreaking passenger-cargo ship was built in 1911-12 as Bruce for the Reid Newfoundland Company for their mail service between Newfoundland and Canada, replacing the previous Bruce of 1897, which had been wrecked on 24 March 1911.[1] RMS Bruce was Yard No.181 at Napier and Miller's shipyard at Old Kilpatrick on the River Clyde, Scotland and was launched on 9 December 1911.[2][3] As built, the ship measured 1,553 GRT and 663 NRT, and was 250.4 feet (76.32 m) long, with a beam of 36.2 feet (11.03 m) and a depth of 23.1 feet 1 inch (7.07 m).[4] She was powered by a triple expansion steam engine made by John G. Kincaid & Company and rated at 3,000 horsepower[5] and driving a single screw propeller.[4] The hull was specially strengthened for working in ice.[3]

On her delivery voyage, Bruce arrived at St. John's, Newfoundland on 12 February 1912, seven days, 21 hours and five minutes from Greenock, Scotland.

Commercial service edit

Bruce was registered at St. John's with Official Number 129921, and sailed on 13 February 1912 on her first service voyage to Sydney, Cape Breton Island, where she proved to be an efficient icebreaker[6][7] Two months later, as survivors from the sinking of Titanic were still en route to New York, newspapers there published a detailed account of the sinking, claiming that it came from radio contacts between Bruce and ships in the rescue area; the circulation-boosting report on 17 April was found to be a complete fabrication.[8] In March 1913, during a particularly severe ice season in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, she was stuck for a week near her regular destination port of Sydney.[9] From that year Bruce, together with the new RMS Lintrose, maintained a daily service between the terminus of the Newfoundland Railway at Port aux Basques and Sydney.[10]

Russian Empire edit

At the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914, the Russian Imperial Government needed to improve access through Arkhangelsk by delaying the annual icing-up of the port. Two icebreakers were purchased from Canada, the Government's Earl Grey (renamed Kanada) and Reid's Lintrose (renamed Sadko), and successfully delayed the end of the navigation season from mid-November until the beginning of January 1915. To secure this improvement, Bruce was additionally purchased in July 1915[11][12] and renamed Solovei Budemirovich or Solovey Budimirovich (Соловей Будимирович).[a] In addition to icebreaking, Solovey Budmirovich provided coastal supply service between Murmansk and Belomorsk.

Towards the end of the civil war in north Russia, and after intervening Western forces had departed, the commander of local White forces, General Yevgeny Miller, sent Solovey Budimirovich to Igarka, attempting to source winter food for Arkhangelsk. By 30 January 1920 the ship, with 85 crew and passengers, was trapped in ice 50 nautical miles short of Igarka, and drifting north with ice, eventually into the Kara Sea, a distance of some 1,000 miles.[15] No rescue was organised from Arkhangelsk and, when the Bolsheviks entered Arkhangelsk on 21 February 1920, they found that General Miller had fled to the west on the only available full icebreaker,Kozma Minin.[16] By late March the situation on Solovey Budimirovich was desperate, with coal exhausted and boilers fuelled only with wooden barrels, food very limited, and radio communications cut to weekly, to conserve batteries.[15] At the same time, the new Russian government was seeking help from Britain in the form of the icebreaker Sviatogor which had taken by British forces during the civil war and commissioned into the Royal Navy.[15][17] It was agreed that Sviatogor would be loaned to the Norwegian Government for a rescue mission, under the leadership of Arctic explorer Otto Sverdrup, which reached the trapped ship on 19 June 1920, by which time she had drifted some 1000 miles in the ice.[18][19]

Malygin edit

Solovey Budimirovich was renamed Malygin in August 1921 and on her maiden voyage she led the newly-founded Floating Marine Research Institute Plavmornin (now called the Nikolai M. Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography) to study the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas, rivers, islands and coastal areas.

With other ships, including the icebreaker Krasin in 1928, Malygin took part in the search for the Umberto Nobile's dirigible expedition. On this voyage, Junkers pilot Mikhail Babushkin (Михаил Бабушкин) flew several aerial searches over the Arctic in search of the airship.

In July 1931, Vladimir Wiese led an expedition on Malygin to Franz Josef Land and the northern part of the Kara Sea, with Captain D.T. Chertkhov in command. Other members included technicians (amongst them Umberto Nobile) whose mission was to locate a suitable place for a Soviet floatplane base in Franz Josef Land. During this expedition the German airship Graf Zeppelin made a memorable rendezvous with Malygin at Bukhta Tikhaya on Hooker Island, Franz Josef Land, on July 27, 1931.[20][21]

On 1 January 1933 she ran aground in Grønfjorden near Barentsburg, Spitzbergen while bound from Murmansk to Barentsburg. Malygin was refloated and towed to Arkhangelsk, where repairs were completed by May 1933.

In 1937-38, she took part in drifting expedition together with icebreakers Sadko (her sister ship, the former Lintrose) and Sedov.

The Malygin sank in a storm near Cape Nizhny, Kamchatka on 27/28 October 1940 with all 98 people on board while returning from a hydrographic expedition. Owing to lack of information about the disaster, Malygin was listed in Lloyd's Register until 1960.

[[Image:|thumb|left| 250px|Soviet postage stamp: Icebreaker Malygin]]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Solovey Budimirovich (Соловей Будимирович [ru]) is a rich merchant prince in old Russian epic bylina poetry; not to be confused with Solovey Razboynik (Солове́й-Разбо́йник), who shares the same forename, meaning nightingale.[13][14]

Citations edit

  1. ^ . Maritime History Archive. Memorial University, Newfoundland. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  2. ^ . Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Launch at Old Kilpatrick". The Scotsman. No. 21374. Edinburgh. 11 December 1911. p. 11. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  4. ^ a b Lloyd's Register of Shipping: Steamers. London: Loyds Register of Shipping. 1913. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  5. ^ McMurtrie, Francis E., and Blackman, Raymond V.B. (1949). Jane's Fighting Ships 1949-50, p. 297. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
  6. ^ "Newfoundland Mail Service to Canada". The Scotsman. No. 21431. Edinburgh. 15 February 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  7. ^ "Newfoundland". The Standard. No. 27362. London. 22 February 1912. p. 12. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ Hines, Stephen W. (2011). Titanic : one newspaper, seven days, and the truth that shocked the world. Naperville, IL: Cumberland House. pp. 76–78. ISBN 9781402256677.
  9. ^ "Weather and Navigation". Shipping & Mercantile Gazette and Lloyd's List. No. 23553. London. 27 March 1913. p. 11. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. ^ "Railways in Newfoundland". The Standard. No. 27740. London. 8 May 1913. p. 178 May 1913. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ "Ice-breakers for Russia". Hamilton Daily Times. No. LVII / 161. Hamilton, Ontario. 10 July 1915. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ "Keeping Archangel Open". The Evening News. No. 11892. Portsmouth. 16 November 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ^ Magnus, Leonard Arthur (1921). The Heroic Ballads of Russia (PDF). Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. pp. 37, 86–91. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  14. ^ Chadwick, H Munro & Nora K (2010). The Growth of Literature. Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 259. ISBN 9781108016155.
  15. ^ a b c "Dramatic S.O.S. from Arctic". The Globe. London. 31 March 1920. p. 8. Retrieved 22 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ Bolotenko, George (1920). "Icebreakers at War: Flight of the Russian White Government from Archangel (19-25 February 1920)" (PDF). The Northern Mariner. XXX (2): 117–120. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  17. ^ Myers, Alan. . Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  18. ^ "Adrift in Arctic". Daily Herald. No. 1325. London. 24 April 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 23 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ^ "Russians rescued from icebound sea". Yorkshire Evening post. No. 9284. Leeds. 21 June 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 23 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ Roseberry, C.R. (1966), The Challenging Skies: The Colorful Story of Aviation's Most exciting Years, 1919-39, pp. 324-325. New York: Doubleday & Company
  21. ^ Collier, Basil (1974), The Airship: A History, p. 211. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons

References edit

  • Barr, William (December 1980). "The First Tourist Cruise in the Soviet Arctic" (PDF). Arctic. 33 (4). Department of Geography, University of Saskatchewan: 671–685. doi:10.14430/arctic2590. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  • Martin, Robert (January 1929). "Armored Ships Win Thrilling Battles with Polar Ice". Popular Science Monthly, January 1929 Edition: 26–27, 154. Retrieved 2019-09-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malygin (ship, 1912).

January 01, 1970
malygin, 1912, icebreaker, this, article, about, icebreaker, built, 1912, other, russian, soviet, icebreakers, named, malygin, malygin, icebreaker, steamship, malygin, Малыгин, soviet, icebreaker, tonnes, displacement, named, after, stepan, malygin, postage, s. This article is about the icebreaker built in 1912 For other Russian and Soviet icebreakers named Malygin see Malygin icebreaker The steamship Malygin Malygin was a Soviet icebreaker of 3 200 tonnes displacement She was named after Stepan Malygin Postage stamp imageHistory NameMalygin NamesakeStepan Malygin OwnerSoviet Union Port of registryMurmansk BuilderNapier and Miller Glasgow Yard number181 Launched9 December 1911 CompletedFebruary 1912 Acquired12 February 1912 Reid Newfoundland Company 1915 Imperial Russian Government FateSunk in a storm on 27 28 October 1940 General characteristics Tonnage1 553 gross register Displacement3200 tonnes Length78 9 m Beam14 2 m PropulsionOne 3 cylinder triple expansion engine Speed15 knots Crew98 The Malygin and LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin on a Soviet stamp 1931 Contents 1 Design and construction 2 Commercial service 3 Russian Empire 4 Malygin 5 Notes 6 Citations 7 References 8 See alsoDesign and construction editThe icebreaking passenger cargo ship was built in 1911 12 as Bruce for the Reid Newfoundland Company for their mail service between Newfoundland and Canada replacing the previous Bruce of 1897 which had been wrecked on 24 March 1911 1 RMS Bruce was Yard No 181 at Napier and Miller s shipyard at Old Kilpatrick on the River Clyde Scotland and was launched on 9 December 1911 2 3 As built the ship measured 1 553 GRT and 663 NRT and was 250 4 feet 76 32 m long with a beam of 36 2 feet 11 03 m and a depth of 23 1 feet 1 inch 7 07 m 4 She was powered by a triple expansion steam engine made by John G Kincaid amp Company and rated at 3 000 horsepower 5 and driving a single screw propeller 4 The hull was specially strengthened for working in ice 3 On her delivery voyage Bruce arrived at St John s Newfoundland on 12 February 1912 seven days 21 hours and five minutes from Greenock Scotland Commercial service editBruce was registered at St John s with Official Number 129921 and sailed on 13 February 1912 on her first service voyage to Sydney Cape Breton Island where she proved to be an efficient icebreaker 6 7 Two months later as survivors from the sinking of Titanic were still en route to New York newspapers there published a detailed account of the sinking claiming that it came from radio contacts between Bruce and ships in the rescue area the circulation boosting report on 17 April was found to be a complete fabrication 8 In March 1913 during a particularly severe ice season in the Gulf of St Lawrence she was stuck for a week near her regular destination port of Sydney 9 From that year Bruce together with the new RMS Lintrose maintained a daily service between the terminus of the Newfoundland Railway at Port aux Basques and Sydney 10 Russian Empire editAt the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914 the Russian Imperial Government needed to improve access through Arkhangelsk by delaying the annual icing up of the port Two icebreakers were purchased from Canada the Government s Earl Grey renamed Kanada and Reid s Lintrose renamed Sadko and successfully delayed the end of the navigation season from mid November until the beginning of January 1915 To secure this improvement Bruce was additionally purchased in July 1915 11 12 and renamed Solovei Budemirovich or Solovey Budimirovich Solovej Budimirovich a In addition to icebreaking Solovey Budmirovich provided coastal supply service between Murmansk and Belomorsk Towards the end of the civil war in north Russia and after intervening Western forces had departed the commander of local White forces General Yevgeny Miller sent Solovey Budimirovich to Igarka attempting to source winter food for Arkhangelsk By 30 January 1920 the ship with 85 crew and passengers was trapped in ice 50 nautical miles short of Igarka and drifting north with ice eventually into the Kara Sea a distance of some 1 000 miles 15 No rescue was organised from Arkhangelsk and when the Bolsheviks entered Arkhangelsk on 21 February 1920 they found that General Miller had fled to the west on the only available full icebreaker Kozma Minin 16 By late March the situation on Solovey Budimirovich was desperate with coal exhausted and boilers fuelled only with wooden barrels food very limited and radio communications cut to weekly to conserve batteries 15 At the same time the new Russian government was seeking help from Britain in the form of the icebreaker Sviatogor which had taken by British forces during the civil war and commissioned into the Royal Navy 15 17 It was agreed that Sviatogor would be loaned to the Norwegian Government for a rescue mission under the leadership of Arctic explorer Otto Sverdrup which reached the trapped ship on 19 June 1920 by which time she had drifted some 1000 miles in the ice 18 19 Malygin editSolovey Budimirovich was renamed Malygin in August 1921 and on her maiden voyage she led the newly founded Floating Marine Research Institute Plavmornin now called the Nikolai M Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography to study the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas rivers islands and coastal areas With other ships including the icebreaker Krasin in 1928 Malygin took part in the search for the Umberto Nobile s dirigible expedition On this voyage Junkers pilot Mikhail Babushkin Mihail Babushkin flew several aerial searches over the Arctic in search of the airship In July 1931 Vladimir Wiese led an expedition on Malygin to Franz Josef Land and the northern part of the Kara Sea with Captain D T Chertkhov in command Other members included technicians amongst them Umberto Nobile whose mission was to locate a suitable place for a Soviet floatplane base in Franz Josef Land During this expedition the German airship Graf Zeppelin made a memorable rendezvous with Malygin at Bukhta Tikhaya on Hooker Island Franz Josef Land on July 27 1931 20 21 On 1 January 1933 she ran aground in Gronfjorden near Barentsburg Spitzbergen while bound from Murmansk to Barentsburg Malygin was refloated and towed to Arkhangelsk where repairs were completed by May 1933 In 1937 38 she took part in drifting expedition together with icebreakers Sadko her sister ship the former Lintrose and Sedov The Malygin sank in a storm near Cape Nizhny Kamchatka on 27 28 October 1940 with all 98 people on board while returning from a hydrographic expedition Owing to lack of information about the disaster Malygin was listed in Lloyd s Register until 1960 Image thumb left 250px Soviet postage stamp Icebreaker Malygin Notes edit Solovey Budimirovich Solovej Budimirovich ru is a rich merchant prince in old Russian epic bylina poetry not to be confused with Solovey Razboynik Solove j Razbo jnik who shares the same forename meaning nightingale 13 14 Citations edit SS Bruce cargo passenger Maritime History Archive Memorial University Newfoundland Archived from the original on 21 November 2021 Retrieved 21 November 2021 Bruce Scottish Built Ships Caledonian Maritime Research Trust Archived from the original on 21 November 2021 Retrieved 21 November 2021 a b Launch at Old Kilpatrick The Scotsman No 21374 Edinburgh 11 December 1911 p 11 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive a b Lloyd s Register of Shipping Steamers London Loyds Register of Shipping 1913 Retrieved 21 November 2021 McMurtrie Francis E and Blackman Raymond V B 1949 Jane s Fighting Ships 1949 50 p 297 New York McGraw Hill Book Company Inc Newfoundland Mail Service to Canada The Scotsman No 21431 Edinburgh 15 February 1912 p 5 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Newfoundland The Standard No 27362 London 22 February 1912 p 12 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Hines Stephen W 2011 Titanic one newspaper seven days and the truth that shocked the world Naperville IL Cumberland House pp 76 78 ISBN 9781402256677 Weather and Navigation Shipping amp Mercantile Gazette and Lloyd s List No 23553 London 27 March 1913 p 11 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Railways in Newfoundland The Standard No 27740 London 8 May 1913 p 178 May 1913 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Ice breakers for Russia Hamilton Daily Times No LVII 161 Hamilton Ontario 10 July 1915 p 5 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Keeping Archangel Open The Evening News No 11892 Portsmouth 16 November 1915 p 4 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Magnus Leonard Arthur 1921 The Heroic Ballads of Russia PDF Kegan Paul Trench Trubner amp Co pp 37 86 91 Retrieved 20 November 2021 Chadwick H Munro amp Nora K 2010 The Growth of Literature Volume 2 Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 259 ISBN 9781108016155 a b c Dramatic S O S from Arctic The Globe London 31 March 1920 p 8 Retrieved 22 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Bolotenko George 1920 Icebreakers at War Flight of the Russian White Government from Archangel 19 25 February 1920 PDF The Northern Mariner XXX 2 117 120 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Myers Alan Zamyatin in Newcastle Archived from the original on 27 April 2010 Retrieved 2007 05 11 Adrift in Arctic Daily Herald No 1325 London 24 April 1920 p 3 Retrieved 23 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Russians rescued from icebound sea Yorkshire Evening post No 9284 Leeds 21 June 1920 p 5 Retrieved 23 November 2021 via British Newspaper Archive Roseberry C R 1966 The Challenging Skies The Colorful Story of Aviation s Most exciting Years 1919 39 pp 324 325 New York Doubleday amp Company Collier Basil 1974 The Airship A History p 211 New York G P Putnam s SonsReferences editBarr William December 1980 The First Tourist Cruise in the Soviet Arctic PDF Arctic 33 4 Department of Geography University of Saskatchewan 671 685 doi 10 14430 arctic2590 Retrieved 2010 03 30 Martin Robert January 1929 Armored Ships Win Thrilling Battles with Polar Ice Popular Science Monthly January 1929 Edition 26 27 154 Retrieved 2019 09 13 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help See also editVladimir Wiese Mikhail Babushkin Mihail Babushkin nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malygin ship 1912 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malygin 1912 icebreaker amp oldid 1171879249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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