Malin Fredrika Sofia Sundberg-Falkenmark, born 21 November 1925) is a Swedish hydrologist. Falkenmark is best known for her long-standing work and expertise on the sustainable use of water resources to meet human and ecosystem needs. Her work is characterized by an integration of both natural- and social-science approaches. She is particularly known for developing what is now known as the Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator, an indicator used to measure and describe the water available for human use (water scarcity). She is the daughter of Halvar Sundberg.[1]
Malin Falkenmark
Malin Falkenmark in 2012
Born
Malin Fredrika Sofia Sundberg-Falkenmark (1925-11-21) 21 November 1925 (age 97) Stockholm, Sweden
Falkenmark graduated as a Fil. Mag. (Swedish equivalent to a master's degree) in mathematics, physics, chemistry and mechanics at Uppsala University, in 1951. In 1964, she became the first Fil. Lic. (Swedish equivalent of PhD at the time) of hydrology in Sweden,[2] where she studied the “Bearing capacity of an ice sheet”.[3] Later in 1975, she was awarded the title of PhD Honoris causa at Linköping University.[4]
Falkenmark's professional history includes holding positions as State Hydrologist at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (1950s-60's), and later at the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (1965–95), where she became Executive Secretary, and later Chair of the Swedish National Committees for UNESCO’s International Hydrological Decade/Programme.[3]
As the Chair of the Scientific Program Committee at the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) (1991–2003),[5] Falkenmark led the establishment of the annual Stockholm World Water Week (initially named Stockholm Water Symposium), which grew to be the "annual focal point for the globe’s water issues"[6]
Falkenmark has held numerous posts on international boards and committees, including as General Rapporteur of the United Nations Water Conference Mar del Plata (1977); World Bank Consultant with special responsibility regarding the looming water scarcity (1988–92); member of the UN Committee on Energy and Natural Resources for Development and the UN Millennium Project Task Force for Environmental Sustainability; member of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Global Water partnership; and Scientific Advisor to the Global Environment Facility and the Comprehensive Freshwater Assessment of the World.[3]
Falkenmark is a Professor of Applied and International Hydrology. Between 1976 and 1979, she led the planning and development of the Department for Water and Environment Studies at Linköping University; after her formal retirement, in 1991, she became part of Stockholm University’s Department of Systems Ecology.[5]
In 2018, she shared the Blue Planet Prize with ecologist Brian Walker.
The Falkenmark Water Stress IndicatorEdit
In an article published in 1989,[7] Falkenmark introduced an indicator for water stress that expresses the level of water scarcity in a certain region as the amount of renewable freshwater that is available for each person each year. It eventually became known as the Falkenmark Indicator,[8] and is not only one of the earliest, but also one of the most used indicators to measure and describe water availability for human use.
The level of water scarcity in a certain country was determined based on thresholds: If the amount of renewable water in a country is below 1,700 m3 per person per year, that country is said to be experiencing water stress; below 1,000 m3 it is said to be experiencing water scarcity; and below 500 m3, absolute water scarcity.[7]
The Blue and Green Water ParadigmEdit
The concepts of green and blue water were first introduced by Falkenmark in 1995, and defined green water as "the rainwater that infiltrates into the root zone and is used for biomass production", and blue water as "the water that either runs off from the soil surface or percolates beyond the root zone to form groundwater"[9][10]
In a more recent publication, green water has been defined as the soil water held in the unsaturated zone, formed by precipitation and available to plants, while blue water refers to liquid water in rivers, lakes, wetlands and aquifers, which can be withdrawn for irrigation and other human uses.[11] Both resources are important for food production; rainfed agriculture uses green water only, while irrigated agriculture uses both green and blue water.[12]
^Matlock, Marty D. (PDF). University of Arkansas - The Sustainability Consortium. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^Lautze, Jonathan (2014). Lautze, Jonathan (ed.). Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.4324/9781315884394. ISBN9781315884394.
^Falkenmark, Malin (November 1995). "Coping with water scarcity under rapid population growth". Paper Presented at Conference of SADC Ministers, Pretoria, South Africa: 23–24.
^Rockström, Johan; Falkenmark, Malin; Karlberg, Louise; Hoff, Holger; Rost, Stefanie; Gerten, Dieter (July 1, 2009). "Future water availability for global food production: The potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change". Water Resources Research. 45 (7): W00A12. Bibcode:2009WRR....45.0A12R. doi:10.1029/2007wr006767. ISSN 1944-7973. S2CID 58887417.
^Hoff, H.; Falkenmark, M.; Gerten, D.; Gordon, L.; Karlberg, L.; Rockström, J. (2010). "Greening the global water system". Journal of Hydrology. 384 (3–4): 177–186. Bibcode:2010JHyd..384..177H. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.026.
^"AWARDS – International Water Resources Association".
^"International Hydrology Prize Winners". International Association of Hydrological Sciences.
^"Crystal Drop Award Recipients". Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^"Falkenmark praised for work on water management". Stockholm Resilience Centre News & Events.
^"Blue Planet Prize : Blue Planet Prize Top Page - the Asahi Glass Foundation".
August 25, 2023
malin, falkenmark, malin, fredrika, sofia, sundberg, falkenmark, born, november, 1925, swedish, hydrologist, falkenmark, best, known, long, standing, work, expertise, sustainable, water, resources, meet, human, ecosystem, needs, work, characterized, integratio. Malin Fredrika Sofia Sundberg Falkenmark born 21 November 1925 is a Swedish hydrologist Falkenmark is best known for her long standing work and expertise on the sustainable use of water resources to meet human and ecosystem needs Her work is characterized by an integration of both natural and social science approaches She is particularly known for developing what is now known as the Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator an indicator used to measure and describe the water available for human use water scarcity She is the daughter of Halvar Sundberg 1 Malin FalkenmarkMalin Falkenmark in 2012BornMalin Fredrika Sofia Sundberg Falkenmark 1925 11 21 21 November 1925 age 97 Stockholm SwedenOccupationHydrologist Professor and authorSubjectWater resources sustainability Contents 1 Life and career 2 The Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator 3 The Blue and Green Water Paradigm 4 Selected awards and recognition 5 ReferencesLife and career EditFalkenmark graduated as a Fil Mag Swedish equivalent to a master s degree in mathematics physics chemistry and mechanics at Uppsala University in 1951 In 1964 she became the first Fil Lic Swedish equivalent of PhD at the time of hydrology in Sweden 2 where she studied the Bearing capacity of an ice sheet 3 Later in 1975 she was awarded the title of PhD Honoris causa at Linkoping University 4 Falkenmark s professional history includes holding positions as State Hydrologist at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute 1950s 60 s and later at the Swedish Natural Science Research Council 1965 95 where she became Executive Secretary and later Chair of the Swedish National Committees for UNESCO s International Hydrological Decade Programme 3 As the Chair of the Scientific Program Committee at the Stockholm International Water Institute SIWI 1991 2003 5 Falkenmark led the establishment of the annual Stockholm World Water Week initially named Stockholm Water Symposium which grew to be the annual focal point for the globe s water issues 6 Falkenmark has held numerous posts on international boards and committees including as General Rapporteur of the United Nations Water Conference Mar del Plata 1977 World Bank Consultant with special responsibility regarding the looming water scarcity 1988 92 member of the UN Committee on Energy and Natural Resources for Development and the UN Millennium Project Task Force for Environmental Sustainability member of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Global Water partnership and Scientific Advisor to the Global Environment Facility and the Comprehensive Freshwater Assessment of the World 3 Falkenmark is a Professor of Applied and International Hydrology Between 1976 and 1979 she led the planning and development of the Department for Water and Environment Studies at Linkoping University after her formal retirement in 1991 she became part of Stockholm University s Department of Systems Ecology 5 In 2007 she joined the Stockholm Resilience Center as a senior researcher She is also currently the senior scientific advisor at the Stockholm International Water Institute SIWI In 2018 she shared the Blue Planet Prize with ecologist Brian Walker The Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator EditIn an article published in 1989 7 Falkenmark introduced an indicator for water stress that expresses the level of water scarcity in a certain region as the amount of renewable freshwater that is available for each person each year It eventually became known as the Falkenmark Indicator 8 and is not only one of the earliest but also one of the most used indicators to measure and describe water availability for human use The level of water scarcity in a certain country was determined based on thresholds If the amount of renewable water in a country is below 1 700 m3 per person per year that country is said to be experiencing water stress below 1 000 m3 it is said to be experiencing water scarcity and below 500 m3 absolute water scarcity 7 The Blue and Green Water Paradigm EditThe concepts of green and blue water were first introduced by Falkenmark in 1995 and defined green water as the rainwater that infiltrates into the root zone and is used for biomass production and blue water as the water that either runs off from the soil surface or percolates beyond the root zone to form groundwater 9 10 In a more recent publication green water has been defined as the soil water held in the unsaturated zone formed by precipitation and available to plants while blue water refers to liquid water in rivers lakes wetlands and aquifers which can be withdrawn for irrigation and other human uses 11 Both resources are important for food production rainfed agriculture uses green water only while irrigated agriculture uses both green and blue water 12 Selected awards and recognition EditIWRA Ven Te Chow Memorial Award 1991 13 KTH Stora Pris 1995 Volvo Environment Prize 1998 14 International Hydrology Prize 1998 15 Rachel Carson Prize 2005 4 Crystal Drop Award 2005 16 Prince Albert II of Monaco Water and Desertification Award 2010 17 Blue Planet Prize 2018 18 References Edit Malin Falkenmark Vem ar det Retrieved February 6 2018 Schneider Kerry Falkenmark Trailblazer Waterfront Archived from the original on July 25 2018 Retrieved February 5 2018 Alt URL a b c Stockholm Resilience Centre Staff Profile Malin Falkenmark January 10 2008 a b Rachel Carson Prize Winners Profile Malin Falkenmark Retrieved February 5 2018 a b Staff profile Malin Falkenmark Stockholm International Water Institute Retrieved February 6 2018 About the Stockholm World Water Week World Water Week a b Falkenmark Malin Lundqvist Jan Widstrand Carl November 1 1989 Macro scale water scarcity requires micro scale approaches Natural Resources Forum 13 4 258 267 doi 10 1111 j 1477 8947 1989 tb00348 x ISSN 1477 8947 PMID 12317608 Matlock Marty D A Review of Water Scarcity Indices and Methodologies PDF University of Arkansas The Sustainability Consortium Archived from the original PDF on October 13 2017 Retrieved February 5 2018 Lautze Jonathan 2014 Lautze Jonathan ed Taylor amp Francis Group doi 10 4324 9781315884394 ISBN 9781315884394 Falkenmark Malin November 1995 Coping with water scarcity under rapid population growth Paper Presented at Conference of SADC Ministers Pretoria South Africa 23 24 Rockstrom Johan Falkenmark Malin Karlberg Louise Hoff Holger Rost Stefanie Gerten Dieter July 1 2009 Future water availability for global food production The potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change Water Resources Research 45 7 W00A12 Bibcode 2009WRR 45 0A12R doi 10 1029 2007wr006767 ISSN 1944 7973 S2CID 58887417 Hoff H Falkenmark M Gerten D Gordon L Karlberg L Rockstrom J 2010 Greening the global water system Journal of Hydrology 384 3 4 177 186 Bibcode 2010JHyd 384 177H doi 10 1016 j jhydrol 2009 06 026 AWARDS International Water Resources Association Volvo Environment Prize Laureates Volvo Environment Prize International Hydrology Prize Winners International Association of Hydrological Sciences Crystal Drop Award Recipients Retrieved February 5 2018 Falkenmark praised for work on water management Stockholm Resilience Centre News amp Events Blue Planet Prize Blue Planet Prize Top Page the Asahi Glass Foundation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malin Falkenmark amp oldid 1171879213, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
