One distinctive feature of the Malakula languages is the pervasive loss of unstressed syllables. However, according to Lynch (2014), the innovation occurred after Proto-Malakula broke up, and may have occurred on at least seven different independent occasions.[2]
Classificationedit
Lynch (2016) divides the Malakula languages into three primary subgroups, namely Northern, Eastern, and Western, all three of which are linkages. Lynch (2016) recognizes 32 languages.[1]
^ abLynch, John (December 2016). "Malakula Internal Subgrouping: Phonological Evidence". Oceanic Linguistics. University of Hawai'i Press. 55 (2): 399–431. doi:10.1353/ol.2016.0019. S2CID 152170547.
^Lynch, John (July 2014). "Unexpected Final Vowel Retention in Malakula". Open Linguistics 2014. De Gruyter Open. 1: 1–16. doi:10.2478/opli-2014-0001.
Further readingedit
Jean-Michel Charpentier [in French] (1982). Atlas linguistique du Sud-Malekula — Linguistic Atlas of South Malekula (Vanuatu). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche.
François, Alexandre; Franjieh, Michael; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Schnell, Stefan (2015), "The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu", in François, Alexandre; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Franjieh, Michael; Schnell, Stefan (eds.), The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity(PDF), Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access, pp. 1–21, ISBN9781922185235
Updated map of Malekula languages (MPI-SHH – Jena, 2018) – see presentation.
March 17, 2024
malakula, languages, group, central, vanuatu, languages, spoken, malakula, island, central, vanuatu, unlike, some, earlier, classifications, linguist, oceanic, languages, specialist, john, lynch, 2016, considered, form, coherent, group, malakulamalekulageograp. The Malakula languages are a group of Central Vanuatu languages spoken on Malakula Island in central Vanuatu Unlike some earlier classifications linguist and Oceanic languages specialist John Lynch 2016 considered the Malakula languages to form a coherent group 1 MalakulaMalekulaGeographicdistributionMalakula Island in central VanuatuLinguistic classificationAustronesianMalayo PolynesianOceanicSouthern OceanicNorth Central VanuatuCentral VanuatuMalakulaProto languageProto MalakulaGlottologmala1539 Contents 1 Features 2 Classification 3 Languages 4 Vocabulary Comparison 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksFeatures editOne distinctive feature of the Malakula languages is the pervasive loss of unstressed syllables However according to Lynch 2014 the innovation occurred after Proto Malakula broke up and may have occurred on at least seven different independent occasions 2 Classification editLynch 2016 divides the Malakula languages into three primary subgroups namely Northern Eastern and Western all three of which are linkages Lynch 2016 recognizes 32 languages 1 Malakula Northern Malua Bay North Coast Nese Botovro Vovo Vao Eastern Uripiv Unua Aulua Banam Bay Southeastern Bwenelang Nasvang Nisvai Port Sandwich Avok Axamb Maskelynes Western Central Western Neve ei Larevat Naman Peripheral Western Ninde Nati Northwestern V enen Taut Tape Tirax Southwestern Lendamboi Aveteian Navwien Avava Nasarian Naha ai Nahavaq The Central Western linkage is only very weakly defined while Ninde and Nati have similarities with both the Northwestern and Southwestern linkages The positions of the Sorsorian Rerep Vivti and Nitita languages were not addressed Languages editFrancois 2015 18 21 lists the following 42 Malakula languages No Language Other names Speakers ISO 639 365 Axamb Ahamb 750 ahb66 Lendamboi Small Nambas Letemboi 800 nms67 Nasvang 27568 Sorsorian 369 Avok 50070 Uliveo Maskelynes 1100 klv Maskelynes71 Port Sandwich Lamap 1200 psw72 Nisvai Vetbon 20073 Burmbar Banam Bay Vartavo 900 vrt74 Mbwenelang lt 1075 Aulua 750 aul76 Niolean Repanbitip 90 rpn77 Rerep Pangkumu Tisman 380 pgk78 Unua Onua 520 onu79 Vivti lt 580 Nitita lt 581 Avava Katbol Navava Bangsa 700 tmb82 Neverver Lingarak Nevwervwer 1250 lgk83 Litzlitz Naman 15 lzl84 Uripiv Uripiv Wala Rano Atchin Northeast Malakula 9000 upv Atchin Uripiv85 Rutan 86 Botovro Mpotovoro 430 mvt87 Vao 1900 vao Vao88 Alovas 89 Vovo 47590 Nese Matanvat 16091 Najit lt 592 Malua Bay Middle Nambas 500 mll93 Njav 1094 Tirax Mae Dirak 1000 mme95 V enen Taut Big Nambas 3350 nmb96 Tape Maragus 15 mrs97 Larevat Laravat Larevat 680 lrv98 Neve ei Vinmavis 500 vnm99 Nivat lt 10100 Nasarian 5 nvh101 Aveteian Dixon Reef 50 dix102 Ninde Labo 1100 mwi103 Nahavaq South West Bay Siesip 700 sns104 Nati 25105 Naha ai Malvaxal Malfaxal 600 mlx106 Navwien 5Vocabulary Comparison editEnglish Bislama Aulua Axamb Big Nambas Maskelynes Neverver Realis Ninde Tirax Uripiv Vaoone wan bokol ngajhay ngajkenene iset iamek esua iskham sei haxal ites xetetwo tu e nrua ngaru iru eru iru khuwo iru eru xeruthree tri e ntil ngarur itl itor itl tel itil itul xetolfour fo e mbis ngavaj iv a ivat ivas wes ivat ivij xevatfive faef elima ngarem ilem erim ilim selme ilin ilim xelimesix sikis ro bokol ngarem rahjkay ilemsei emelevtes ijos dumane sei ixɔwɛn owon xeyonseven seven roku rua ngarem rahru isaru emelevru ijoru dumane khuwo iwedit ebœt xebuteight eit rok til ngarem rahrur isatl emelevtor ijotl dumane tel ixewɛl owil xoalnine naen rokbis ngarem rahpaj isav et emelevpat ijovas dumane wes ixesiv esiw xehiveten ten sagabul ngasngavur senal inal saŋavur nangavul langal thangal ihŋavil esŋawœl hangavulReferences edit a b Lynch John December 2016 Malakula Internal Subgrouping Phonological Evidence Oceanic Linguistics University of Hawai i Press 55 2 399 431 doi 10 1353 ol 2016 0019 S2CID 152170547 Lynch John July 2014 Unexpected Final Vowel Retention in Malakula Open Linguistics 2014 De Gruyter Open 1 1 16 doi 10 2478 opli 2014 0001 Further reading editJean Michel Charpentier in French 1982 Atlas linguistique du Sud Malekula Linguistic Atlas of South Malekula Vanuatu Paris Centre National de la Recherche Francois Alexandre Franjieh Michael Lacrampe Sebastien Schnell Stefan 2015 The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu in Francois Alexandre Lacrampe Sebastien Franjieh Michael Schnell Stefan eds The Languages of Vanuatu Unity and Diversity PDF Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia Canberra Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access pp 1 21 ISBN 9781922185235External links editList and map of Malekula languages A N U 1995 Map of Vanuatu languages including Malekula Updated map of Malekula languages MPI SHH Jena 2018 see presentation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malakula languages amp oldid 1202974505, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
