Malaya and British Borneo dollar
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar (Malay: ringgit; Jawi: رڠڬيت) was the currency of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo, Brunei and the Riau archipelago from 1953 to 1967 and was the successor of the Malayan dollar and Sarawak dollar, replacing them at par. The currency was issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo. Prior to 1952, the board was known as the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya.
| Ringgit (Malay) رڠڬيت (Jawi) | |
|---|---|
Malaya & British Borneo $1 note issued in 1959 | |
| Unit | |
| Symbol | $ |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄100 | cent |
| Banknotes | 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1,000, 10,000 dollars |
| Coins | 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents |
| Demographics | |
| User(s) | Malaya, Singapore, Brunei, North Borneo and Sarawak |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo Bank Negara Malaysia |
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar was used in Malaya after independence in 1957, and in Malaysia after its formation in 1963, as well as in Singapore after its independence in 1965. After 1967, the two countries and Brunei ended the common currency arrangement and began issuing their own currencies. However, the Malaya and British Borneo dollar continued to be legal tender until 16 January 1969. The currency was also used in the Riau Archipelago in Indonesia prior to 1963, when it was replaced by the local rupiah.
History edit
Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo edit
The Currency Ordinance No. 44 of 1952 of the Crown Colony of Singapore, No. 33 of 1951 of the Federation of Malaya, No. 10 of 1951 of North Borneo and No. 1 of 1951 of Sarawak implemented an agreement between those governments and the State of Brunei for the establishment of a Board of Commissioners of Currency to be the sole issuing authority in British Malaya and British Borneo.
This agreement became effective on 1 January 1952. The Board consisted of five members:
- Financial Secretary of Singapore who was also the chairman of the Board
- Minister of Finance for the Federation of Malaya
- Governor of Sarawak
- Governor of North Borneo
- British Resident of Brunei
- and two further appointed by agreement of the participating governments.
End of common currency edit
On 12 June 1967, the currency union came to an end and Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each began issuing their own currencies: the Malaysian dollar, Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar. The currencies of the three countries were interchangeable at par value under the Interchangeability Agreement until 8 May 1973 when the Malaysian government decided to terminate it. Brunei and Singapore continue with the Agreement until the present day.[1]
The Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo was officially wound up on 30 November 1979.[2]
Coins edit
Coins were issued in bronze 1 cent square shaped coins issued between 1956 and 1961,[3] and circular coins of similar composition from 1962, and cupro-nickel 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents. These all shared a similar basic design depicting Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and denomination on the reverse. However, the Queen was replaced with two daggers on the smaller round cent of 1962. These coins carried the same design features and sizes from the coins of the previous Commissioner's Currency and Straits series, making them relatively unchanged in appearance except for the depictions of the British monarchs. The older coins also continued to circulate alongside these bearing the new title.
Banknotes edit
1953 series edit
All notes bear the date 21 March 1953, and signed by W.C. Taylor, the chairman of the Board of Commissioners of Currency. The 1, 5 and 10 dollar notes were printed by Waterlow and Sons, the 50 and 100 dollar notes were printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. Ltd. and the 1,000 and 10,000 dollar notes were printed by Thomas de la Rue & Co. Ltd. As a safeguard against forgery, a broken security thread and the watermark of a lion's head were incorporated in the paper before printing.
| 1953 Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Main Colour | Description | Date of issue | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
| $1 | Blue/pink | Elizabeth II | State emblems of the Federation of Malaya and its constituent components, Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei | 21 March 1953 | ||
| $5 | Green/yellow | |||||
| $10 | Red/green | |||||
| $50 | Blue/green | |||||
| $100 | Violet/pink | |||||
| $1000 | purple/yellow | |||||
| $10,000 | green/multicoloured | |||||
1959 series edit
| 1959 Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Main Colour | Description | Date of issue | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
| $1 | Blue/green | Sail boat | State emblem of the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei; scene of fishermen returning from sea | 1 March 1959 | ||
| $10 | Red/grey | Farmer ploughing padi field with buffalo | State emblem of the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei | 1 March 1961 | ||
See also edit
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ . Monetary Authority of Singapore. 9 April 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ . Bank Negara Malaysia. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces10712.html
Sources edit
- Pick, Albert (1996). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues to 1960. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (8th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-469-1.
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003). 2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
External links edit
| Preceded by: Sarawak dollar (post-WWII) Reason: Creation of a common currency board Ratio: at par, or 8.57 dollars = 1 British pound | Currency of Sarawak 1953 – 1963 | Currency of Malaysia 1963 – 1967 | Succeeded by: Malaysian dollar Location: Malaysia Reason: End of common currency board Ratio: at par, or 8.57 ringgit = 1 British pound | |
| Preceded by: British North Borneo dollar (post-WWII) Reason: Creation of a common currency board Ratio: at par, or 8.57 dollars = 1 British pound | Currency of British North Borneo 1953 – 1963 | |||
| Preceded by: Malayan dollar (post-WWII) Reason: Creation of a common currency board Ratio: at par, or 60 dollars = 7 British pounds, about 8.57 dollars = 1 British pound | Currency of Malaya 1953 – 1963 | |||
| Currency of Singapore 1953 – 1963 | Currency of Malaysia 1963 – 1965 | Currency of Singapore 1965 – 1967 | Succeeded by: Singapore dollar Location: Singapore Reason: End of common currency board Ratio: at par, or 8.57 dollars = 1 British pound | |
| Currency of Brunei 1953 – 1967 | Succeeded by: Brunei dollar Reason: End of common currency board Ratio: at par, or 8.57 dollars = 1 British pound | |||
| Currency of Riau Archipelago 1953 – 1963 | Succeeded by: Riau rupiah Location: Riau Archipelago Reason: To create a common currency in Indonesia Ratio: at par, or 8.57 Riau rupiah= 1 British pound | |||