M5 Tractor
The M5 13 ton High Speed Tractor was a World War II era artillery tractor that was used by the US Army from 1942 to tow medium field artillery pieces.
| M5 High-Speed Tractor | |
|---|---|
M5 tractor | |
| Type | Artillery tractor |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| Used by | US Army Belgian Army Japan Self-Defense Forces Austrian Armed Forces Yugoslav People's Army Lebanese Army Pakistan Army |
| Wars | World War II Korean War 1958 Lebanon crisis Lebanese Civil War |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1942 |
| Manufacturer | International Harvester |
| Produced | May 1943-September 1945 |
| No. built | 5,873 |
| Variants | 5 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 27,600 lb (12,500 kg) |
| Length | 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) |
| Width | 2.54 m (8 ft 4 in) |
| Height | 2.69 m (8 ft 10 in) |
| Crew | 1 + 10 |
| Armor | none |
Main armament | 1 x M2 Browning machine gun |
| Engine | Continental R6572 six-cylinder petrol engine 235 hp (175 kW) at 2,900 rpm |
| Power/weight | 15.0 hp/t |
| Suspension | VVSS |
Operational range | 125 mi (201 km) |
| Maximum speed | 35 mph (56 km/h) |
Design edit
The M5 High Speed Tractor was a fully tracked artillery tractor designed to tow artillery pieces that weighed up to 16,000 pounds (7,300 kg). It could tow the gun and carry the gun's ammunition, the crew and their equipment.[1]
The M5 was developed from the prototype T13 High-Speed Tractor, it shared the latter's Continental R6572 in-line six-cylinder petrol engine which developed 235 horsepower (175 kW) at 2,900 rpm and, like the T13 before it, derived its tracks and its vertical volute spring suspension from the Stuart tank. The M5 had a maximum road speed of 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) with a range of 125 miles (201 km).[1][2]
To assist in the movement and placement of its gun, the M5 High-Speed Tractor was equipped with a front mounted engine-driven winch that had a maximum pull of 17,000 pounds (7,700 kg) and was fitted with roller below the winch that permitted pulling of loads behind the tractor.[1][2]
Production edit
The design of the M5 High-Speed Tractor was standardized in October 1942, with production being undertaken by International Harvester, the design was to evolve into five marks. The M5 was accepted into US Army service as the standard gun tractor used to tow the 105 mm Howitzer M2, the 4.5 inch Gun M1 and the 155 mm Howitzer M1. Standard ammunition stowage was:[1][2][3]
- 105 mm Howitzer M2 – 56 rounds
- 4.5 inch Gun M1 – 38 rounds
- 155 mm Howitzer M1 – 24 rounds
M5 High-Speed Tractor edit
Production of the original M5 High-Speed Tractor began in May 1943, running for 24 months with a total of 5,290 tractors produced. They had a simple folding top with side curtains for the protection of the gun crew from the elements, the driver was located in the front centre and there were inwards facing seats for total crew of 9. After 1944 the vehicles were fitted with the M49C ring mount that allowed it to be armed with an M2 Browning machine gun for local and air defence.[1][2][3]
M5A1 High-Speed Tractor edit
Introduced in May 1945, the M5A1 High-Speed Tractor introduced a new steel cab with the driver moving to the front left and forwards facing seats for the crew for a total crew of 11. A total of 589 M5A1s were produced before production ceased in August 1945.[2][3]
M5A2 High-Speed Tractor & M5A3 High-Speed Tractor edit
Introduced after WWII, the M5A2 High-Speed Tractor and M5A3 High-Speed Tractor were updated M5s and M5A1s with a horizontal volute spring suspension system instead of the original vertical volute spring suspension and a new tracks that were 21 inches (53 cm) wide compared to the older tracks that were 11.625 inches (295.3 mm) 11 5/8 inches wide.[2][3]
M5A4 High-Speed Tractor edit
The M5A4 High-Speed Tractor reorganised the ammunition stowage boxes along the sides of the vehicle for easier access.[3]
Users edit
World War II edit
The M5 High-Speed Tractor entered service with the US Army in 1943 and was one of the primary medium artillery prime movers along with the GMC CCKW 2½-ton 6x6 truck and the Diamond T 4-ton 6x6 truck. In 1944, 200 M5s were provided to an appreciative Soviet Union for use by the Red Army who quickly rushed them into service.[4][5]
Post-war edit
The US Army continued to use the M5 during the Korean War, retiring them shortly afterwards. Post-war surplus M5s were supplied to Austria, Belgium, Japan, Lebanon, Pakistan and Yugoslavia.[4]
A number of M5 Tractors were used in British Columbia, Canada, as carriers for rock drills. The Chapman "Drilmobile", manufactured by Chapman Motor & Machine Shop of Delta, British Columbia was designed specifically for logging road construction.[4]
Surviving examples edit
Surviving examples of the M5 High-Speed Tractors of various marks can be seen at:[4]
- 2 pieces in the Robert Gill Collection militarymuseum.at, Vienna, Austria
- Marshall Museum, Lexington, Virginia.
- 45th Infantry Division Museum, Oklahoma City.
- Museum of the American G.I., College Station, Texas.
- Armourgeddon Tank Driving, Husbands Bosworth, Leicestershire, England.
- Kansas Museum of Military History, Augusta, Kansas.
- Arkansas National Guard Museum, Little Rock, Arkansas.
- Lewis Army Museum, Fort Lewis, Washington.
- A mostly intact but rusting M5 or M5A4 Tractor, complete with Continental engine, PTO winch, six 5-round side-mount ammunition lockers, and M2 Browning ring-mount can be found parked beside Route 96 in New York state, a few miles east of the town of Phelps. It has been recently removed from this location and its whereabouts are unknown.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Ian V. Hogg, The American arsenal: the World War II official standard ordnance catalogue of small arms, tanks, armoured cars, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, ammunition, grenades, mines, et cetera, Frontline Books, Barnsley, ISBN 978-1-84832-726-9.
- ^ a b c d e f Russian tanks of World War II, "High speed tractors (continued)", russian-tanks.com, retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Doyle, David, Standard catalogue of U.S. military vehicles, Krause Publications, Iola, 2014, ISBN 0-87349-508-X.
- ^ a b c d Ray Merriam, World War 2 in review: American fighting vehicles no. 1, Merriam Press, Bennington, 2017, ISBN 9781365876097.
- ^ Steven Zaloga, Armoured victory 1945: U.S. tank combat in the European theatre from the Battle of the Bulge to Germany’s surrender, Stackpole Books, Machanicsburg, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8117-0771-8.
External links edit
- Lebanese Army M5 High-Speed Tractor
- M5 High-Speed Tractors at a Lebanese Army parade in 1972