Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (German: Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden; 8 April 1655 – 4 January 1707) was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis ("Turkish Louis") for his numerous victories against Ottoman forces. After his death in 1707, his wife, Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg, acted as regent of Baden-Baden during the minority of his eldest son, who succeeded him as Margrave of Baden-Baden.
His mother's brother was the Count of Soissons, father of the renowned general Prince Eugene of Savoy, whose military career would start in the shadow of Louis, Eugene being Louis's junior; the cousins would serve together the Holy Roman Emperor against the French in several campaigns. His parents being estranged, he was kidnapped as a child from his mother's home in Paris and re-patriated to Germany, where he was raised by his paternal step-grandmother.
Military careeredit
Louis William, Margrave of Baden-BadenThe portrait of Türkenlouis in 1691, on a medallion by Georg Hautsch celebrating the victory against the Ottoman Empire at Slankamen, obverse.
Louis William served first under Raimondo Montecuccoli against Turenne, and then under the duke of Lorraine. At the siege of Vienna by the Turks, in 1683, he threw his forces into the city, and by a brilliant sally effected a junction with Jan III Sobieski and the Duke of Lorraine, who had come to its relief. In 1689 he defeated the Turks at Niš.[1]
Louis came to be called the Türkenlouis or shield of the empire. The Turks called him the red king, because his red uniform jacket made him very visible on the battlefield. He was known as a defender of Europe against the Turks, as was Eugene of Savoy.[citation needed] As a military commander in the service of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1689 he was made chief commander of the Imperial army in Hungary, where he scored a resounding victory against the Ottomans at Slankamen in 1691. Louis saw Osijek as a location of exceptional strategic importance in the war against the Ottomans.[2] He urged the repair of the city walls, and proposed construction of a new fort called Tvrđa, according to Vauban's principles of military engineering.[2][3] Shortly afterward he was sent to head the army of the Rhine in the War of the Grand Alliance.[citation needed]
Aris Kalaizis "The Last Hours of Louis William", Oil on canvas, 130 x190 cm, 2021Epitaph of Ludwig Wilhelm in Baden-Baden
.
At the Battle of Schellenberg in July 1704, Ludwig Wilhelm had suffered a wound that did not fully heal. He continued to command on the Upper Rhine without treating the injury and died as a result of this wound on January 4, 1707 at the age of 51 in his unfinished Schloss Rastatt. In his painting "The Last Hours of Louis William" the German-Greek painter Aris Kalaizis immortalized the end of the life of the commander. His wife took up a regency for their son, Louis George. The latter took over the government from his mother in October 1727.[citation needed]
Seventeen years after the margrave's death, the only one of his daughters to survive childhood, Princess Auguste, married Louis d'Orléans, son of the infamous French Regent and, at the time of the wedding, first in the line of succession to the throne of France.[citation needed]
After the death of Louis, his widow built Schloss Favorite castle as a summer residence in memory of her husband. He was buried at the Stiftskirche in Baden-Baden.[5]
^Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Baden-Baden, Ludwig Wilhelm I., margrave of" . The American Cyclopædia.
^ abMažuran, Ive (14 January 2010). "Tvrđa: ishodište Osijeka". Vijenac (in Croatian). 414. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska. ISSN 1330-2787. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
^Krajnik, Damir; Obad Šćitaroci, Mladen (December 2008). "Preobrazba bastionskih utvrđenja grada Osijeka" [Conversion of bastion fortifications in Osijek] (PDF). Prostor (in Croatian). 16 (2). University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture: 168–179. ISSN 1330-0652.
^Montjouvent, Philippe de (1998). Le comte de Paris et sa Descendance (in French). Charenton: Éditions du Chaney. p. 471. ISBN2-913211-00-3.
^. royaltyguide.nl. Archived from the original on 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
External linksedit
Francis Lieber; E. Wigglesworth; Thomas Gamaliel Bradford; Henry Vethake, eds. (1851). "Baden-Baden (Louis William I) margrave of". Encyclopædia Americana. pp. 519–520.
louis, william, margrave, baden, baden, german, ludwig, wilhelm, baden, baden, april, 1655, january, 1707, ruling, margrave, baden, baden, germany, chief, commander, imperial, army, also, known, türkenlouis, turkish, louis, numerous, victories, against, ottoma. Louis William Margrave of Baden Baden German Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden Baden 8 April 1655 4 January 1707 was the ruling Margrave of Baden Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army He was also known as Turkenlouis Turkish Louis for his numerous victories against Ottoman forces After his death in 1707 his wife Sibylle of Saxe Lauenburg acted as regent of Baden Baden during the minority of his eldest son who succeeded him as Margrave of Baden Baden Louis WilliamMargrave of Baden BadenPortrait in 1705Born 1655 04 08 8 April 1655Hotel de Soissons Paris FranceDied4 January 1707 1707 01 04 aged 51 Schloss Rastatt Rastatt Baden Holy Roman EmpireBuriedStiftskirche Baden BadenNoble familyHouse of ZahringenSpouse s Sibylle of Saxe LauenburgIssueDetailLouis George Margrave of Baden BadenAuguste Duchess of OrleansAugustus George Margrave of Baden BadenFatherFerdinand Maximilian of Baden BadenMotherLouise of Savoy Contents 1 Family 2 Military career 3 Marriage and children 4 Ancestry 5 References 6 External linksFamily editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Born in Paris Louis was a son of Hereditary Prince Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden Baden and his French wife Louise of Savoy His godfather was Louis XIV of France His father was the elder son of Wilhelm Margrave of Baden Baden whom he pre deceased leaving Louis to succeed as reigning Margrave of Baden Baden and head of the Catholic branch of the House of Zahringen His mother s brother was the Count of Soissons father of the renowned general Prince Eugene of Savoy whose military career would start in the shadow of Louis Eugene being Louis s junior the cousins would serve together the Holy Roman Emperor against the French in several campaigns His parents being estranged he was kidnapped as a child from his mother s home in Paris and re patriated to Germany where he was raised by his paternal step grandmother Military career edit nbsp Louis William Margrave of Baden Baden nbsp The portrait of Turkenlouis in 1691 on a medallion by Georg Hautsch celebrating the victory against the Ottoman Empire at Slankamen obverse Louis William served first under Raimondo Montecuccoli against Turenne and then under the duke of Lorraine At the siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683 he threw his forces into the city and by a brilliant sally effected a junction with Jan III Sobieski and the Duke of Lorraine who had come to its relief In 1689 he defeated the Turks at Nis 1 Louis came to be called the Turkenlouis or shield of the empire The Turks called him the red king because his red uniform jacket made him very visible on the battlefield He was known as a defender of Europe against the Turks as was Eugene of Savoy citation needed As a military commander in the service of the Holy Roman Empire in 1689 he was made chief commander of the Imperial army in Hungary where he scored a resounding victory against the Ottomans at Slankamen in 1691 Louis saw Osijek as a location of exceptional strategic importance in the war against the Ottomans 2 He urged the repair of the city walls and proposed construction of a new fort called Tvrđa according to Vauban s principles of military engineering 2 3 Shortly afterward he was sent to head the army of the Rhine in the War of the Grand Alliance citation needed In 1701 he built the Lines of Stollhofen a line of defensive earthworks designed to protect northern Baden from French attack He later led the imperial army in the War of the Spanish Succession where he successfully concluded the Siege of Landau in September 1702 but soon had to withdraw across the Rhine and was defeated by the French under the Duke of Villars at Friedlingen In 1704 however he participated in the successful German campaign of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy He distinguished himself in the Battle of Schellenberg and besieged and conquered Ingolstadt and Landau thus drawing Bavarian troops away from the decisive Battle of Blenheim citation needed nbsp Aris Kalaizis The Last Hours of Louis William Oil on canvas 130 x190 cm 2021 nbsp Epitaph of Ludwig Wilhelm in Baden Baden At the Battle of Schellenberg in July 1704 Ludwig Wilhelm had suffered a wound that did not fully heal He continued to command on the Upper Rhine without treating the injury and died as a result of this wound on January 4 1707 at the age of 51 in his unfinished Schloss Rastatt In his painting The Last Hours of Louis William the German Greek painter Aris Kalaizis immortalized the end of the life of the commander His wife took up a regency for their son Louis George The latter took over the government from his mother in October 1727 citation needed Marriage and children editThe Emperor gave him a young heiress to wed Sibylle of Saxe Lauenburg They had the following children citation needed Leopold William of Baden Baden 1694 1695 Hereditary Prince of Baden Baden died in infancy Charlotte of Baden Baden 1696 1700 died in infancy Charles Joseph of Baden Baden 1697 1703 Hereditary Prince of Baden Baden died young Wilhelmine of Baden Baden 1700 in Schlackenwerth 1702 in Schlackenwerth died in infancy Luise of Baden Baden 1701 in Nurnberg 1707 died young Louis George Simpert of Baden Baden 7 June 1702 22 October 1761 Margrave of Baden Baden married Maria Anna of Schwarzenberg had children married again to Maria Anna of Bavaria no children Wilhelm Georg Simpert of Baden Baden 1703 1709 died young Auguste of Baden Baden 10 November 1704 in Aschaffenburg 8 August 1726 in Paris married Louis d Orleans Duke of Orleans and had children Augustus George Simpert of Baden Baden 14 January 1706 21 October 1771 Margrave of Baden Baden married Marie Victoire d Arenberg no male children Seventeen years after the margrave s death the only one of his daughters to survive childhood Princess Auguste married Louis d Orleans son of the infamous French Regent and at the time of the wedding first in the line of succession to the throne of France citation needed His descendant through this marriage became King Louis Philippe of the French in 1830 4 After the death of Louis his widow built Schloss Favorite castle as a summer residence in memory of her husband He was buried at the Stiftskirche in Baden Baden 5 Ancestry editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ancestors of Louis William Margrave of Baden Baden8 Edward Fortunatus Margrave of Baden Baden4 William Margrave of Baden Baden9 Maria van Eicken2 Ferdinand Maximilian Hereditary Prince of Baden Baden10 Johann Georg Prince of Hohenzollern Hechingen5 Katharina Ursula of Hohenzollern Hechingen11 Franziska of Salm Neufville1 Louis William Margrave of Baden Baden12 Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy6 Thomas Francis Prince of Carignano13 Catalina Micaela of Austria3 Louise of Savoy14 Charles Count of Soissons7 Marie Countess of Soissons15 Anne de Montafie Countess of ClermontReferences edit Ripley George Dana Charles A eds 1879 Baden Baden Ludwig Wilhelm I margrave of The American Cyclopaedia a b Mazuran Ive 14 January 2010 Tvrđa ishodiste Osijeka Vijenac in Croatian 414 Zagreb Matica hrvatska ISSN 1330 2787 Retrieved 18 September 2010 Krajnik Damir Obad Scitaroci Mladen December 2008 Preobrazba bastionskih utvrđenja grada Osijeka Conversion of bastion fortifications in Osijek PDF Prostor in Croatian 16 2 University of Zagreb Faculty of Architecture 168 179 ISSN 1330 0652 Montjouvent Philippe de 1998 Le comte de Paris et sa Descendance in French Charenton Editions du Chaney p 471 ISBN 2 913211 00 3 Burial of the Margraves of Baden Baden royaltyguide nl Archived from the original on 2010 05 30 Retrieved 2010 07 02 External links editFrancis Lieber E Wigglesworth Thomas Gamaliel Bradford Henry Vethake eds 1851 Baden Baden Louis William I margrave of Encyclopaedia Americana pp 519 520 Baden Baden Ludwig Wilhelm I margrave of The American Cyclopaedia 1879 Louis William I New International Encyclopedia 1905 Louis William Margrave of Baden BadenHouse of ZahringenBorn 8 April 1655 Died 4 January 1707Preceded byWilliam Margrave of Baden Baden1677 1707 Succeeded byLouis George Simpert Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis William Margrave of Baden Baden amp oldid 1175024180, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
