fbpx
Wikipedia

Lubaczów

November 30, 2023

Lubaczów [luˈbat͡ʂuf] (Ukrainian: Любачів Liubachiv) is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 12,567 inhabitants[2] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the capital of Lubaczów County and is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) northeast of Przemyśl.

Lubaczów
Market square
Coat of arms
Lubaczów
Coordinates: 50°10′N 23°7′E / 50.167°N 23.117°E / 50.167; 23.117
Country Poland
Voivodeship Subcarpathian
CountyLubaczów
GminaLubaczów (urban gmina)
Government
 • MayorKrzysztof Szpyt
Area
 • Total26 km2 (10 sq mi)
Population
 (2013[1])
 • Total12,517
 • Density480/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
37–600
Car platesRLU
Websitehttp://www.lubaczow.pl

Other names edit

Lubaczów is also called (or misspelled as): Libatchov, Libechuyv, Liubachev, Lubachov, Lubatchov, Lubichuv, Lubachow, Lubatchow.

History edit

Lubaczow was first mentioned in 1214, when, following the Spis Treaty between Duke Leszek I the White and Andrew II of Hungary, the gord was placed under authority of Voivode of Sandomierz, Pakoslaw Lasocic. Until 1376, Lubaczow was spelled Lubacew or Ljubacew. Upon receiving town charter (1376), the spelling of the name was changed into Lubaczow. Until 1462, Lubaczow was governed by the Dukes of Mazovia, a Polish fief. In that year, it was directly annexed into the Kingdom of Poland, as part of the newly created Belz Voivodeship, in which it remained until 1772. During the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76), the Battle of Niemirow took place near Lubaczow (October 7–8, 1672).

From 1772 until 1918 Lubaczow belonged to Austrian Galicia, as the town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire after the first partition of Poland. In 1868, Austrian authorities moved the seat of the county to nearby Cieszanów, while in 1880, Lubaczow received rail connection with Jarosław. in 1896 a hospital was built, but three years later, most of the town burned in a large fire.

In 1918, Poland was declared an independent state: Lubaczów became part of Second Polish Republic’s Lwow Voivodeship. Lubaczow Company of the Polish Army took part in the Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919). In mid-September 1939, during the Invasion of Poland, heavy fighting between the advancing Wehrmacht and retreating Polish 21st Mountain Infantry Division commanded by General Jozef Kustron. On September 16, the Battle of Oleszyce took place near Lubaczow, in which General Kustron was killed.

On September 7, 1939: Lubaczów was bombed by German planes, and five days later, the town was occupied by the Germans. On September 26, however, the Red Army seized Lubaczow (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). The town remained under Soviet occupation until June 22, 1941, while German occupation lasted until July 1944, when Lubaczow was recaptured by the Soviets.

After World War II, Lubaczów was one of few locations of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lwów to remain within Poland, when the national boundaries were redrawn in 1945. As a result, former parish church in Lubaczow was named a cathedral, and the part of Lwow Archiodiocese, which remained in Poland, was named the Lubaczow Archdiocese, as Communist government banned all traces of Polish presence of the city of Lwow. In 1984, an inventory of the parish records from the archdiocese of the church archive established there was drawn up. In 1992, the position of the Lubaczów area within the Polish diocesan structure was regularized and it became part of the Diocese of Zamość-Lubaczów. There was still a church archive in Lubaczów. In 1999 Lubaczów became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

Following World War II and the change of borders, several relics from Eastern Borderlands were transported to Lubaczow. Among them was the miraculous picture of Our Lady of Belz, relics of Blessed Jakub Strzemie, and the urn with heart of Archbishop Jozef Bilczewski. Furthermore, from 1946 until 1980, the miraculous painting of Our Blessed Lady from Latin Cathedral, Lviv was kept at Lubaczow. It was brought here by Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak.

Jewish history edit

  • 1498: The Jews of Lubaczów are mentioned for the first time, when they were granted a lease to collect Lubaczów customs duties that year.
  • 1532: The Polish King forbade the Jews of Lubaczów to do any business with the population in the surrounding villages.
  • 1538: Tax records show that there were eighteen Jewish families living in Lubaczów who paid taxes to the King.
  • 1565: The lustration of this year mentions only three Jewish families living in the town.
  • 1621, 1633 & 1639: Lubaczów Jews were involved in trade and crafts, and also had the right to brew beer. They still held the lease for the collection of municipal fees, as well as the royal taxes from the entire starostwo (local administrative unit) in these years.
  • 1648–1649: The Cossacks and Ukrainian farmers led by Bohdan Chmielnicki opposed the Polish government. In their eyes the Jews were agents of the Polish rulers, and with barbaric methods they attacked the Jews. In Lubaczów the shops at the Rynek (town square) and in the surrounding streets were completely burnt down.
  • 1662: The lustration of that year does not mention any Jewish households, though by the early eighteenth century a relatively large community did exist there, as evidenced by the amount of taxes paid to the royal treasury.
  • 1670: There were only five Jewish families in Lubaczów.
  • 1765: According to the census of that year, there were 687 Jews obliged to pay taxes who were living in the town and surrounding villages.
  • 1787: Around thirty Jewish families in Lubaczów asked the Austrian government to give them land so that they could be farmers, but there was no response to their plea.
  • 19th century: The Jewish community in Lubaczów grew stronger and the Jews worked as traders in agricultural products, and peddling in the nearby villages.
  • 1880: The eastern and western railway lines in Poland were connected after a new railway was built from Jarosław, and Lubaczów became important after getting its own railway station. That year, the Jewish Community was about 1,300 people (approximately 30% of the total population).
  • 1891: A Business directory for Galicia[3] is published, containing about 25000 names of people in the professions. It includes several people from Lubaczów.
  • 1899: There was a big fire in Lubaczów in 1899 and the town was largely damaged. Among those who lost their homes were 220 Jewish families comprising almost 1000 people.
  • 1906: The Address Directory for Galicia was published. It had 550 pages.
  • 1914–1918: During World War I, around 500 Jews left Lubaczów and many did not come back till the middle of the twenties.
  • 1931: According to most sources, this year there were 6291 citizens in the city of Lubaczów, out of whom 1794 were Jews. However, according to a table from the "Population of the Eastern Galicia in 1931",[4] the locality of Lubaczów had a total population of 51,885, from where 23,686 (43.7%) were Polish, 24,470 (47.2%) were Ukrainian, 3,503 (6.8%) were Yiddish (probably referring to Jews) and 226 (0.4%) were of other descent.
  • 1933: The Jewish Cemetery in Lubaczów was closed by the Polish authorities, and was reopened only after a long public struggle.
  • 1939: According to "Where Once We Walked" there were 1,715 Jews in Lubaczów before the Holocaust. According to other sources, there were 2,300.
  • September 1 and September 17, 1939: Germany and Soviet Union invade Poland. Lubaczow is occupied by the Soviet Union, until June 1941,
  • April 1942: There were 2270 Jews in Lubaczów.
  • May 1942: 2000 Jews were brought by the Germans to Lubaczów from the surrounding villages.
  • October 1942: The Nazis gave the order that a Jewish Ghetto should be established in Lubaczów. Within 48 hours the Jews were overcrowded within the ghetto. Shortly after that the first transport of Jews was sent from Lubaczów to Belzec. Jews from Niemirów and Potilitz were brought to Lubaczów. At its peak, the Ghetto became home for 7000 Jews, who were kept in apartments located in the center of the town. About 5–6 families lived in each apartment.
  • November 1942: Most of the Jews from Oleszyce, about 2000, were brought to Lubaczów.
  • December 1942: The Germans promised there would be no further killing of Jews in Lubaczów because most of those who were still there were working for the Germans as slave laborers. The Nazis had already shipped 2500 Jews to the extermination camp at Belzec.
  • January 5, 1943: There was a great snowstorm that brought great cold. The Germans collected all finished and unfinished items from the Jewish tailors and shoemakers. A rumor spread that the Germans would kill all the Jews. Whoever had the possibility fled that night from the ghetto.
  • January 6, 1943: Around 8 a.m., the final mass execution of the Jews in Lubaczów started. The Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries murdered hundreds. The killings continued until January 14. Some were killed when found in their underground secret bunkers. Others were brought to the Jewish cemetery where an estimated 1200 Jews were killed and buried in a mass grave. Some were sent to Belzec extermination camp. The very few Jews who survived did so by fleeing into the forests and by joining the partisans. Only around 20 Lubaczow Jews survived the war.
  • July 21, 1944: The Germans finally withdrew and the Soviet Red Army re-occupied Lubaczów. Poland became a communist country aligned with the Soviet Union.

Sights edit

  • St. Nicolaus Orthodox church,
  • Historical town hall
  • Rail station (1880), with a water tower,
  • Jewish cemetery
  • Roman Catholic cemetery (19th century)
  • Castle hill with remains of a fortress, granary and park

Notable people edit

Gallery edit

  •  

    Market square

  •  

    St. Stanislaw Church

  •  

    District Court in Lubaczów

  •  

    Lubaczów Music School

  •  

    Greek Catholic Church of St. Nicholas

International relations edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns – Sister cities edit

Lubaczów is twinned with:

City Country Year
Tostedt   Germany 1993
Yavoriv   Ukraine 1997
Érd   Hungary 2003
Sobrance   Slovakia 2009
Reghin   Romania 2014

References edit

  1. ^ Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2014
  2. ^ "Population in Poland. Size and Structure by Territorial Division" (PDF). Central Statistical Office. 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
  3. ^ "The Galicia 1891 Business Directory Database". Jewishgen.org. 2003-05-30. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
  4. ^ [1] December 16, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

External links edit

  • List of Holocaust victims of Lubaczów published in 1954, by Israeli Lubaczower Landsmanschaft and its chairman, Uri Roth. Written by Samuel S. Lieberman
  • Pictures of Lubaczów Partisans

November 30, 2023
lubaczów, luˈbat, ʂuf, ukrainian, Любачів, liubachiv, town, southeastern, poland, close, border, with, ukraine, with, inhabitants, situated, subcarpathian, voivodeship, since, 1999, capital, county, located, kilometres, miles, northeast, przemyśl, market, squa. Lubaczow luˈbat ʂuf Ukrainian Lyubachiv Liubachiv is a town in southeastern Poland close to the border with Ukraine with 12 567 inhabitants 2 Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship since 1999 it is the capital of Lubaczow County and is located 50 kilometres 31 miles northeast of Przemysl LubaczowMarket squareCoat of armsLubaczowCoordinates 50 10 N 23 7 E 50 167 N 23 117 E 50 167 23 117Country PolandVoivodeship SubcarpathianCountyLubaczowGminaLubaczow urban gmina Government MayorKrzysztof SzpytArea Total26 km2 10 sq mi Population 2013 1 Total12 517 Density480 km2 1 200 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code37 600Car platesRLUWebsitehttp www lubaczow pl Contents 1 Other names 2 History 2 1 Jewish history 3 Sights 4 Notable people 5 Gallery 6 International relations 6 1 Twin towns Sister cities 7 References 8 External linksOther names editLubaczow is also called or misspelled as Libatchov Libechuyv Liubachev Lubachov Lubatchov Lubichuv Lubachow Lubatchow History editLubaczow was first mentioned in 1214 when following the Spis Treaty between Duke Leszek I the White and Andrew II of Hungary the gord was placed under authority of Voivode of Sandomierz Pakoslaw Lasocic Until 1376 Lubaczow was spelled Lubacew or Ljubacew Upon receiving town charter 1376 the spelling of the name was changed into Lubaczow Until 1462 Lubaczow was governed by the Dukes of Mazovia a Polish fief In that year it was directly annexed into the Kingdom of Poland as part of the newly created Belz Voivodeship in which it remained until 1772 During the Polish Ottoman War 1672 76 the Battle of Niemirow took place near Lubaczow October 7 8 1672 From 1772 until 1918 Lubaczow belonged to Austrian Galicia as the town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire after the first partition of Poland In 1868 Austrian authorities moved the seat of the county to nearby Cieszanow while in 1880 Lubaczow received rail connection with Jaroslaw in 1896 a hospital was built but three years later most of the town burned in a large fire In 1918 Poland was declared an independent state Lubaczow became part of Second Polish Republic s Lwow Voivodeship Lubaczow Company of the Polish Army took part in the Polish Ukrainian War 1918 1919 In mid September 1939 during the Invasion of Poland heavy fighting between the advancing Wehrmacht and retreating Polish 21st Mountain Infantry Division commanded by General Jozef Kustron On September 16 the Battle of Oleszyce took place near Lubaczow in which General Kustron was killed On September 7 1939 Lubaczow was bombed by German planes and five days later the town was occupied by the Germans On September 26 however the Red Army seized Lubaczow see Molotov Ribbentrop Pact The town remained under Soviet occupation until June 22 1941 while German occupation lasted until July 1944 when Lubaczow was recaptured by the Soviets After World War II Lubaczow was one of few locations of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lwow to remain within Poland when the national boundaries were redrawn in 1945 As a result former parish church in Lubaczow was named a cathedral and the part of Lwow Archiodiocese which remained in Poland was named the Lubaczow Archdiocese as Communist government banned all traces of Polish presence of the city of Lwow In 1984 an inventory of the parish records from the archdiocese of the church archive established there was drawn up In 1992 the position of the Lubaczow area within the Polish diocesan structure was regularized and it became part of the Diocese of Zamosc Lubaczow There was still a church archive in Lubaczow In 1999 Lubaczow became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship Following World War II and the change of borders several relics from Eastern Borderlands were transported to Lubaczow Among them was the miraculous picture of Our Lady of Belz relics of Blessed Jakub Strzemie and the urn with heart of Archbishop Jozef Bilczewski Furthermore from 1946 until 1980 the miraculous painting of Our Blessed Lady from Latin Cathedral Lviv was kept at Lubaczow It was brought here by Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak Jewish history edit This section is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this section if appropriate Editing help is available May 2013 1498 The Jews of Lubaczow are mentioned for the first time when they were granted a lease to collect Lubaczow customs duties that year 1532 The Polish King forbade the Jews of Lubaczow to do any business with the population in the surrounding villages 1538 Tax records show that there were eighteen Jewish families living in Lubaczow who paid taxes to the King 1565 The lustration of this year mentions only three Jewish families living in the town 1621 1633 amp 1639 Lubaczow Jews were involved in trade and crafts and also had the right to brew beer They still held the lease for the collection of municipal fees as well as the royal taxes from the entire starostwo local administrative unit in these years 1648 1649 The Cossacks and Ukrainian farmers led by Bohdan Chmielnicki opposed the Polish government In their eyes the Jews were agents of the Polish rulers and with barbaric methods they attacked the Jews In Lubaczow the shops at the Rynek town square and in the surrounding streets were completely burnt down 1662 The lustration of that year does not mention any Jewish households though by the early eighteenth century a relatively large community did exist there as evidenced by the amount of taxes paid to the royal treasury 1670 There were only five Jewish families in Lubaczow 1765 According to the census of that year there were 687 Jews obliged to pay taxes who were living in the town and surrounding villages 1787 Around thirty Jewish families in Lubaczow asked the Austrian government to give them land so that they could be farmers but there was no response to their plea 19th century The Jewish community in Lubaczow grew stronger and the Jews worked as traders in agricultural products and peddling in the nearby villages 1880 The eastern and western railway lines in Poland were connected after a new railway was built from Jaroslaw and Lubaczow became important after getting its own railway station That year the Jewish Community was about 1 300 people approximately 30 of the total population 1891 A Business directory for Galicia 3 is published containing about 25000 names of people in the professions It includes several people from Lubaczow 1899 There was a big fire in Lubaczow in 1899 and the town was largely damaged Among those who lost their homes were 220 Jewish families comprising almost 1000 people 1906 The Address Directory for Galicia was published It had 550 pages 1914 1918 During World War I around 500 Jews left Lubaczow and many did not come back till the middle of the twenties 1931 According to most sources this year there were 6291 citizens in the city of Lubaczow out of whom 1794 were Jews However according to a table from the Population of the Eastern Galicia in 1931 4 the locality of Lubaczow had a total population of 51 885 from where 23 686 43 7 were Polish 24 470 47 2 were Ukrainian 3 503 6 8 were Yiddish probably referring to Jews and 226 0 4 were of other descent 1933 The Jewish Cemetery in Lubaczow was closed by the Polish authorities and was reopened only after a long public struggle 1939 According to Where Once We Walked there were 1 715 Jews in Lubaczow before the Holocaust According to other sources there were 2 300 September 1 and September 17 1939 Germany and Soviet Union invade Poland Lubaczow is occupied by the Soviet Union until June 1941 April 1942 There were 2270 Jews in Lubaczow May 1942 2000 Jews were brought by the Germans to Lubaczow from the surrounding villages October 1942 The Nazis gave the order that a Jewish Ghetto should be established in Lubaczow Within 48 hours the Jews were overcrowded within the ghetto Shortly after that the first transport of Jews was sent from Lubaczow to Belzec Jews from Niemirow and Potilitz were brought to Lubaczow At its peak the Ghetto became home for 7000 Jews who were kept in apartments located in the center of the town About 5 6 families lived in each apartment November 1942 Most of the Jews from Oleszyce about 2000 were brought to Lubaczow December 1942 The Germans promised there would be no further killing of Jews in Lubaczow because most of those who were still there were working for the Germans as slave laborers The Nazis had already shipped 2500 Jews to the extermination camp at Belzec January 5 1943 There was a great snowstorm that brought great cold The Germans collected all finished and unfinished items from the Jewish tailors and shoemakers A rumor spread that the Germans would kill all the Jews Whoever had the possibility fled that night from the ghetto January 6 1943 Around 8 a m the final mass execution of the Jews in Lubaczow started The Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries murdered hundreds The killings continued until January 14 Some were killed when found in their underground secret bunkers Others were brought to the Jewish cemetery where an estimated 1200 Jews were killed and buried in a mass grave Some were sent to Belzec extermination camp The very few Jews who survived did so by fleeing into the forests and by joining the partisans Only around 20 Lubaczow Jews survived the war July 21 1944 The Germans finally withdrew and the Soviet Red Army re occupied Lubaczow Poland became a communist country aligned with the Soviet Union Sights editSt Nicolaus Orthodox church Historical town hall Rail station 1880 with a water tower Jewish cemetery Roman Catholic cemetery 19th century Castle hill with remains of a fortress granary and parkNotable people editAleksander Bandrowski 1860 1913 singer Stanislaw Dabek 1892 1939 Colonel of the Polish Army who in September 1939 commanded defence of the Polish Coast Stanislaw Debicki 1866 1924 painter Robert Korzeniowski b 1968 racewalker Olympic golden medallist Franciszek Misztal 1901 1981 engineer co creator of such planes as PZL 23 Karas and PZL 38 Wilk Jozefina Szalanska b 1951 actress Wladyslaw Witwicki 1878 1948 psychologist philosopher translator and artistGallery edit nbsp Market square nbsp St Stanislaw Church nbsp District Court in Lubaczow nbsp Lubaczow Music School nbsp Greek Catholic Church of St NicholasInternational relations editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland Twin towns Sister cities edit Lubaczow is twinned with City Country YearTostedt nbsp Germany 1993Yavoriv nbsp Ukraine 1997Erd nbsp Hungary 2003Sobrance nbsp Slovakia 2009Reghin nbsp Romania 2014References edit Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2014 Population in Poland Size and Structure by Territorial Division PDF Central Statistical Office 2012 06 30 Retrieved 2013 05 26 The Galicia 1891 Business Directory Database Jewishgen org 2003 05 30 Retrieved 2009 05 05 1 Archived December 16 2005 at the Wayback MachineExternal links editList of Holocaust victims of Lubaczow published in 1954 by Israeli Lubaczower Landsmanschaft and its chairman Uri Roth Written by Samuel S Lieberman Pictures of Lubaczow Partisans Lubaczow business directory 1929 Telephone list from Lubaczow 1932 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lubaczow amp oldid 1186925687, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.