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Louis Le Vau

January 01, 1970

Louis Le Vau (French pronunciation: [lwi lə vo]; 1612 – 11 October 1670) was a French Baroque architect, who worked for Louis XIV of France.[1] He was an architect that helped develop the French Classical style in the 17th century.[2]

Louis Le Vau
Louis Le Vau, c. 1650
Born
Louis Le Veau

c. 1612
likely Paris, France
Died11 October 1670 (aged 57 or 58)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
OccupationArchitect
Buildings
DesignOval salon at Vaux-le-Vicomte

Early life and career edit

Born Louis Le Veau, he was the son of Louis Le Veau (died February 1661), a stonemason, who was active in Paris.[3] His younger brother François Le Vau (born in 1624[4]) also became an architect. The father and his two sons worked together in the 1630s and 1640s. The two brothers later changed the spelling of their surname from "Le Veau" to "Le Vau" to avoid its association with the French word veau (calf).[3]

Le Vau started his career by designing the Hotel de Bautru in 1634.[5] By 1639, he was developing town houses (hôtels particuliers) for rich citizens such as Sainctot, Hesselin, Gillier, Gruyn des Bordes, and Jean Baptiste Lambert in the île Saint-Louis, which was being developed as a residential area.[2] His most notable work during this period is the Hôtel Lambert (c. 1638–1653).[6]

  • Hôtel Lambert
  •  
    Plan of the premier étage with the Seine to the right
  •  
    Garden façades viewed from the riverbank

Le Vau also designed country houses, including the Château de Livry (c. 1640–1645), later known as the Château du Raincy.[2][7]

Royal architect edit

In 1654, his career was advanced through his appointment as the first architect to the king,[2] succeeding Jacques Lemercier.[8] He was commissioned by Jules Cardinal Mazarin to help rebuild part of the medieval Château de Vincennes.[9]

  • Le Vau's additions at the Château de Vincennes
  •  
    Pavilion of the King (east façade)
  •  
    Pavilion of the Queen (west façade)

Shortly after, in 1656 he was given the important commission to build the chateau of Nicolas Fouquet, Vaux-le-Vicomte with the help of André Le Nôtre and Charles Le Brun.[2][10] Le Vau's most notable work in the Vaux-le-Vicomte is the oval salon facing the garden. This design, an example of a salon à l'italienne (vaulted, two-storied room),[11] develops the idea that a simple form governs the shape of the main section of the building.[2]

  • Château Vau-le-Vicomte
  •  
    Rhythmic massing of the entrance front
  •  
    View of the garden front with the oval salon

In the 1660s Le Vau helped on royal projects, such as the hospital of La Salpêtrière and the facade of the Tuileries Palace. From 1661 to 1664 Le Vau worked on rebuilding the Galerie d'Apollon in the Louvre after it burned in a fire.[2] Claude Perrault and Charles Le Brun were also involved in creating the famous façade for the east front of the Louvre from 1665 to 1674, which acted as a prelude for Classical Architecture in the 18th century.[10]

The most notable work of Le Vau's career was at the Palace of Versailles with which he was involved for the remainder of his life.[10] He added service wings to the forecourts and, after 1668, had rebuilt the garden façade to be totally classical.[2] Le Vau was assisted by François d'Orbay, who completed the work after Le Vau's death. Le Vau and d'Orbay's work at Versailles was later modified and extended by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.[10]

Le Vau's designs for the Collège des Quatre-Nations (now housing the Institut de France) were completed after his death by his assistant François d' Orbay and showed unlikely rapport with Italian baroque techniques.[2][10]

  • Versailles and the Collège des Quatre-Nations
  •  
    Le Vau's garden front at the Château de Versailles, c. 1675
  •  
    Collège des Quatre-Nations in 2014

Louis Le Vau died in Paris.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Louis Levau" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Encyclopedia of World Biography, "Louis Le Vau", vol. 9, pp. 360-361.
  3. ^ a b Feldmann 1996, p. 262.
  4. ^ Cojannot 2012, p. 341.
  5. ^ "Louis Le Vau: Biography of Baroque Architect". www.visual-arts-cork.com. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  6. ^ Feldmann 1996, pp. 262–264.
  7. ^ Berger 1982, p. 697.
  8. ^ Feldmann 1996, p. 264.
  9. ^ "France", Encyclopedia Britannica online. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Vau, Louis Le" in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (3 ed.). ISBN 9780199674985.
  11. ^ Berger 1982, p. 695.

Bibliography edit

  • Bajou, Thierry (1998). La peinture à Versailles : XVIIe siècle. [English edition: Paintings at Versailles: XVIIth Century, translated by Elizabeth Wiles-Portier, p. 76.] Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux. ISBN 9782283017647. ISBN 9782283017654 (English edition).
  • Ballon, Hilary (1999). Louis Le Vau: Mazarin's Collège, Colbert's Revenge. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691048956.
  • Berger, Robert W. (1982). "Le Vau, Louis", vol. 2, pp. 695–697, in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects, edited by Adolf K. Placzek. London: Collier Macmillan. ISBN 9780029250006.
  • Cojannot, Alexandre (2012). Louis Le Vau et les nouvelles ambitions de l'architecture française 1612–1654. Paris: Picard. ISBN 9782708409361.
  • Curl, James Stevens (2006). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191726484.
  • Encyclopædia Britannica. "France".
  • Encyclopedia of World Biography (2004, 2nd ed.). Gale Ebooks. ISBN 9780787677596.
  • Feldmann, Dietrich (1996). "Le Vau (1) Louis Le Vau", vol. 19, pp. 262–267, in The Dictionary of Art (34 vols.), edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. ISBN 9781884446009. Also at Oxford Art Online, subscription required.
  • Hardouin, Christophe (1994). "La Collection de portraits de l'Académie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture: Peintures entrées sous le règne de Louis XIV (1648–1715", Mémoire de D.E.A., Université de Paris IV, 1994, pp. 164–166.
  • Laprade, Albert (1955). "Portraits des premiers architectes de Versailles", Revue des Arts, March 1955, pp. 21–24. ISSN 0482-7872
  • Laprade, Albert (1960). François d'Orbay: Architecte de Louis XIV. Paris: Éditions Vincent, Fréal. OCLC 562063179, 780531730, 1096782.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Louis Le Vau at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
louis, french, pronunciation, 1612, october, 1670, french, baroque, architect, worked, louis, france, architect, that, helped, develop, french, classical, style, 17th, century, 1650bornlouis, veauc, 1612likely, paris, francedied11, october, 1670, aged, paris, . Louis Le Vau French pronunciation lwi le vo 1612 11 October 1670 was a French Baroque architect who worked for Louis XIV of France 1 He was an architect that helped develop the French Classical style in the 17th century 2 Louis Le VauLouis Le Vau c 1650BornLouis Le Veauc 1612likely Paris FranceDied11 October 1670 aged 57 or 58 Paris FranceNationalityFrenchOccupationArchitectBuildingsHotel Lambert Chateau de Versailles Chateau de Vincennes Vaux le Vicomte Louvre Palace College des Quatre NationsDesignOval salon at Vaux le Vicomte Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Royal architect 3 Notes 4 Bibliography 5 External linksEarly life and career editBorn Louis Le Veau he was the son of Louis Le Veau died February 1661 a stonemason who was active in Paris 3 His younger brother Francois Le Vau born in 1624 4 also became an architect The father and his two sons worked together in the 1630s and 1640s The two brothers later changed the spelling of their surname from Le Veau to Le Vau to avoid its association with the French word veau calf 3 Le Vau started his career by designing the Hotel de Bautru in 1634 5 By 1639 he was developing town houses hotels particuliers for rich citizens such as Sainctot Hesselin Gillier Gruyn des Bordes and Jean Baptiste Lambert in the ile Saint Louis which was being developed as a residential area 2 His most notable work during this period is the Hotel Lambert c 1638 1653 6 Hotel Lambert nbsp Plan of the premier etage with the Seine to the right nbsp Garden facades viewed from the riverbank Le Vau also designed country houses including the Chateau de Livry c 1640 1645 later known as the Chateau du Raincy 2 7 Royal architect editIn 1654 his career was advanced through his appointment as the first architect to the king 2 succeeding Jacques Lemercier 8 He was commissioned by Jules Cardinal Mazarin to help rebuild part of the medieval Chateau de Vincennes 9 Le Vau s additions at the Chateau de Vincennes nbsp Pavilion of the King east facade nbsp Pavilion of the Queen west facade Shortly after in 1656 he was given the important commission to build the chateau of Nicolas Fouquet Vaux le Vicomte with the help of Andre Le Notre and Charles Le Brun 2 10 Le Vau s most notable work in the Vaux le Vicomte is the oval salon facing the garden This design an example of a salon a l italienne vaulted two storied room 11 develops the idea that a simple form governs the shape of the main section of the building 2 Chateau Vau le Vicomte nbsp Rhythmic massing of the entrance front nbsp View of the garden front with the oval salon In the 1660s Le Vau helped on royal projects such as the hospital of La Salpetriere and the facade of the Tuileries Palace From 1661 to 1664 Le Vau worked on rebuilding the Galerie d Apollon in the Louvre after it burned in a fire 2 Claude Perrault and Charles Le Brun were also involved in creating the famous facade for the east front of the Louvre from 1665 to 1674 which acted as a prelude for Classical Architecture in the 18th century 10 The most notable work of Le Vau s career was at the Palace of Versailles with which he was involved for the remainder of his life 10 He added service wings to the forecourts and after 1668 had rebuilt the garden facade to be totally classical 2 Le Vau was assisted by Francois d Orbay who completed the work after Le Vau s death Le Vau and d Orbay s work at Versailles was later modified and extended by Jules Hardouin Mansart 10 Le Vau s designs for the College des Quatre Nations now housing the Institut de France were completed after his death by his assistant Francois d Orbay and showed unlikely rapport with Italian baroque techniques 2 10 Versailles and the College des Quatre Nations nbsp Le Vau s garden front at the Chateau de Versailles c 1675 nbsp College des Quatre Nations in 2014 Louis Le Vau died in Paris Notes edit Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Louis Levau Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company a b c d e f g h i Encyclopedia of World Biography Louis Le Vau vol 9 pp 360 361 a b Feldmann 1996 p 262 Cojannot 2012 p 341 Louis Le Vau Biography of Baroque Architect www visual arts cork com Retrieved 2020 07 29 Feldmann 1996 pp 262 264 Berger 1982 p 697 Feldmann 1996 p 264 France Encyclopedia Britannica online Retrieved November 20 2019 a b c d e Vau Louis Le in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 3 ed ISBN 9780199674985 Berger 1982 p 695 Bibliography editBajou Thierry 1998 La peinture a Versailles XVIIe siecle English edition Paintings at Versailles XVIIth Century translated by Elizabeth Wiles Portier p 76 Paris Reunion des musees nationaux ISBN 9782283017647 ISBN 9782283017654 English edition Ballon Hilary 1999 Louis Le Vau Mazarin s College Colbert s Revenge Princeton University Press ISBN 9780691048956 Berger Robert W 1982 Le Vau Louis vol 2 pp 695 697 in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects edited by Adolf K Placzek London Collier Macmillan ISBN 9780029250006 Cojannot Alexandre 2012 Louis Le Vau et les nouvelles ambitions de l architecture francaise 1612 1654 Paris Picard ISBN 9782708409361 Curl James Stevens 2006 A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture second edition Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780191726484 Encyclopaedia Britannica France Encyclopedia of World Biography 2004 2nd ed Gale Ebooks ISBN 9780787677596 Feldmann Dietrich 1996 Le Vau 1 Louis Le Vau vol 19 pp 262 267 in The Dictionary of Art 34 vols edited by Jane Turner New York Grove ISBN 9781884446009 Also at Oxford Art Online subscription required Hardouin Christophe 1994 La Collection de portraits de l Academie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture Peintures entrees sous le regne de Louis XIV 1648 1715 Memoire de D E A Universite de Paris IV 1994 pp 164 166 Laprade Albert 1955 Portraits des premiers architectes de Versailles Revue des Arts March 1955 pp 21 24 ISSN 0482 7872 Laprade Albert 1960 Francois d Orbay Architecte de Louis XIV Paris Editions Vincent Freal OCLC 562063179 780531730 1096782 External links edit nbsp architecture portal nbsp Media related to Louis Le Vau at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis Le Vau amp oldid 1167438202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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