fbpx
Wikipedia

Louis H. Bean

April 15, 2023

Louis Hyman Bean (April 15, 1896 – August 5, 1994) was an American economic and political analyst who is best known for predicting Harry S. Truman's victory in the 1948 presidential election.

Louis H. Bean
Bean in 1943
Born(1896-04-15)April 15, 1896
Lithuania, Russian Empire
DiedAugust 5, 1994(1994-08-05) (aged 98)
Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Occupation(s)Economic and political analyst
Notable work
  • Ballot Behavior (1940)
  • How to Predict Elections (1948)

Bean was born in Lithuania, Russian Empire, and migrated to the United States with his family and settled in Laconia, New Hampshire. After receiving his preliminary education and graduating from college with a Bachelor of Arts degree, he entered Harvard Business School in Massachusetts, and, in 1922, he received his Master of Business Administration degree. In 1923, Bean became a member of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics at the United States Department of Agriculture; he worked on estimates of farm income and price indices. Bean's charts were used in Congress in discussions about the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill. Bean was closely associated with Henry A. Wallace; he served as his economic advisor and also worked on several of Wallace's books. He wrote articles for the journal, The Review of Economics and Statistics.

During the late 1930s, Bean began developing an interest in political analysis and predicted the results of many elections. After his successful projection in the 1948 presidential election, Life magazine referred to him as the "Lone Prophet" of Truman's victory.[1] Bean wrote many books, notably Ballot Behavior and How to Predict Elections. He continued making electoral analyses and projections in the 1950s and 1960s, most of which were accurate. He died in 1994 at his home in Arlington, Virginia.

Early life

Louis Hyman Bean was born on April 15, 1896, in Lithuania, Russian Empire. In 1906, Bean and his family migrated to the United States and settled in Laconia, New Hampshire, where his parents established a dry-fruit business. After receiving preliminary education at several schools in Laconia, he enrolled at the University of Rochester in New York state. During World War I, Bean joined the United States Army in 1918 and served as a lieutenant until 1919. That same year, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree a year ahead of his class. After graduating, Bean worked as an assistant labor manager in the clothing industry. He then enrolled at the Harvard Business School in Massachusetts and received his Master of Business Administration degree in 1922.[2][3][4] Bean married Dorothy May Wile in 1923, and they had a daughter Elizabeth and a son David.[5][6]

Economic analyst

In 1923, Bean joined the newly formed Bureau of Agricultural Economics at the United States Department of Agriculture.[2] Bean's work in the Department of Agriculture was based on the use of statistical analysis as a basis for formulating policy.[7] As an economic analyst, Bean worked on estimates of farm income and price indices, and he served as the secretary of the committee responsible for preparing the department's monthly price reports. During his tenure, he made many successful forecasts about crops, business, and commodity prices.[2][8] He was closely associated with Henry A. Wallace, the son of Secretary of Agriculture Henry Cantwell Wallace, to whom Bean was also an advisor.[2][9][10] Charts prepared by Bean were used when the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill was being discussed in Congress. In 1933, Henry A. Wallace, the Secretary of Agriculture, appointed Bean as the economic advisor of the Agricultural Adjustment Act; Bean advised Wallace on economic issues and also worked on several of Wallace's books. During World War II, Bean served on the Board of Economic Warfare as the Budget Bureau's chief fiscal analyst. From 1941 to 1945, Wallace served as the vice president under President Franklin D. Roosevelt; he later served as the secretary of commerce until 1946. Bean continued to work for Wallace during his vice-presidency and later during his tenure as the secretary of commerce.[2][9][11][5]

In 1947, Bean returned to the office of the secretary of agriculture as the economic advisor to the farm secretary, and retired when his position was abolished in 1953.[12][13] He also wrote many books, pamphlets, and magazine articles.[14] In addition, Bean's work appeared in The Review of Economics and Statistics, a journal, on such topics as disposable income and industrial stock prices.[15][16][17]

Political analyst

According to author Theodore Rosenof, Bean began developing an interest in political analysis during the late 1930s; Rosenof wrote:

Bean explained that he was captivated by a World Almanac compilation of state-by-state presidential election statistics since 1896 and discerned in them patterns that provoked further study. Secretary [Henry A.] Wallace encouraged this initial spark. Bean practiced what he termed the 'art' of political analysis and forecasting, insisting that it was indeed an art and not a science.[7]

In the 1936 presidential election, Bean projected Roosevelt to win in a landslide, carrying all of the states except Maine, Vermont, and Pennsylvania. This prediction ran contrary to most of the polls, which believed it to be a close race, but results broadly confirmed Bean's projection; Roosevelt won the 1936 presidential election with 523 electoral votes to Alf Landon's 8 electoral votes, carrying all the states except Maine and Vermont.[5][18] Bean did not believe that the Republican Party's strong showing in the 1938 or 1942 congressional elections would help them win the 1940 or 1944 presidential elections.[19] In 1940, Bean wrote a book titled Ballot Behavior. Claude E. Robinson of the Opinion Research Corporation wrote that the book provided a rough check for the political analyst and should be a part of the working kit of students.[20]

 
Democratic nominee Harry S. Truman (left) with the Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey (right) at the dedication of Idlewild Airport. Bean was nearly alone among major pollsters in predicting Truman's victory in the 1948 presidential election.

During the 1948 presidential election, most of the polls—including the Gallup poll—projected that Republican Thomas E. Dewey would defeat incumbent President Harry S. Truman by a decisive margin.[21] According to Bean, third-party candidate Henry A. Wallace likely drew northern votes from Democrats, which reduced their electorate. He noticed, however, a rise in Truman's poll rating among farmers and workers during late 1947, and called it "quite striking".[22] The same year, he wrote How To Predict Elections, which Spencer Albright of the University of Richmond called "even more valuable than the excellent Ballot Behavior".[23] Howard Penniman of Yale University called Bean an imaginative and thoughtful election forecaster.[24]

In his book, Bean, unlike almost all other observers, cited the likelihood of a high voter turnout combined with the unpopularity of the Republican Congress's policies and asserted that Truman's victory was possible.[25] On election day, Truman defeated Dewey, a victory Newsweek called startling, astonishing, and "a major miracle".[26] Life magazine referred to Bean as the "Lone Prophet" of Truman's victory.[1][27] The Alfred A. Knopf publishing company, which publicized Bean's book, began advertising: "Oh Mr. Gallup! Oh Mr. Roper! Obviously you don't know Bean's How to Predict Elections."[a] Bean earned a reputation for successfully predicting Truman's victory.[30] Rosenof, however, argues that "the truth ... was somewhat more complicated"[25] as Bean's personal correspondence suggested that "in the end, however hesitantly", he "accepted the polls that consistently showed Dewey solidly ahead nationally".[1]

According to Rosenof, Bean's main analytical method emphasized the idea of "political tides"; it was similar to Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.'s cyclical theory. Bean's method for predicting political trends was based on analyzing the economic condition of the nation. He also focused on the various third party movements affecting the two-party vote share.[31]

Rosenof wrote: "After 1948, the nation's political climate changed in such a way as to render Bean's analytic methodology less useful".[3] In the 1952 presidential election, Bean refused to make a public projection, saying his method could not account for new factors.[32] He favored Democrat Adlai Stevenson against Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower but Eisenhower defeated Stevenson in a landslide. Bean was one of the few pollsters to accurately predict the victory of the incumbent governor Pat Brown over former vice president Richard Nixon in the 1962 California gubernatorial election.[5] In the 1950s and 1960s, Bean continued making electoral analyses and projections, most of which were accurate.[6]

Later life and legacy

In 1970 he wrote another book, The Art of Forecasting.[33] Rosenof wrote; "while the 1948 election signaled Bean's rise to prominence, it also marked the height of his influence".[34] Bean's wife Dorothy died in 1991 and Bean died on August 5, 1994, due to congestive heart failure at his home in Arlington, Virginia.[5][6]

Economist Karl A. Fox mentioned Bean as one of the eight main agricultural economists in the first half of the twentieth century.[35] Bean is best known for his successful prediction in the 1948 presidential election.[6] Pollster Elmo Roper later argued that, in the book How to Predict Elections, Bean made no clear prediction.[27]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Referring to the Gallup poll and Elmo Roper. After his victory, Truman became the first candidate to lose in a Gallup poll but win the election.[28] Roper had previously announced his organization would discontinue polling since it had already predicted Dewey's victory by a large majority of electoral votes.[29]

References

  1. ^ a b c Rosenof 1999, p. 72.
  2. ^ a b c d e FDR Library, p. ii.
  3. ^ a b Rosenof 1999, p. 63.
  4. ^ Hess 1970, pp. 1–2.
  5. ^ a b c d e Pearson 1994.
  6. ^ a b c d Pace 1994, p. 7.
  7. ^ a b Rosenof 1999, p. 65.
  8. ^ Businessweek 1951, pp. 64, 66.
  9. ^ a b Rosenof 1999, pp. 63–65.
  10. ^ Schapsmeier & Schapsmeier 1968, p. 59.
  11. ^ Hess 1970, pp. 3–8.
  12. ^ FDR Library, pp. ii–iii.
  13. ^ Kennedy 1953, p. 16.
  14. ^ Businessweek 1951, pp. 64–66.
  15. ^ Bean 1946, pp. 199–202.
  16. ^ Bean 1947, pp. 199–200.
  17. ^ Bean 1952, pp. 260–261.
  18. ^ Bennett 2004, p. 216.
  19. ^ Rosenof 1999, p. 68.
  20. ^ Robinson 1941, p. 240.
  21. ^ Visser 1994, p. 48.
  22. ^ Rosenof 1999, pp. 69–70.
  23. ^ Albright 1949, p. 316.
  24. ^ Penniman 1949, p. 265.
  25. ^ a b Rosenof 2003, p. 23.
  26. ^ McCullough 1992, p. 710.
  27. ^ a b Campbell 2020, p. 69.
  28. ^ Sitkoff 1971, p. 613.
  29. ^ Lemelin 2001, p. 42.
  30. ^ Rosenof 1999, p. 69.
  31. ^ Rosenof 1999, pp. 66–67.
  32. ^ Rosenof 1999, p. 76.
  33. ^ FDR Library, p. iii.
  34. ^ Rosenof 1999, p. 78.
  35. ^ Herberich, Levitt & List 2009, pp. 1260, 1264.

Works cited

  • Albright, Spencer (1949). "How To Predict Elections by Louis H. Bean (Review)". The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly. Wiley. 29 (4). ISSN 0038-4941. JSTOR 42865202.
  • Bean, Louis H. (1946). "Relation of Disposable Income and the Business Cycle to Expenditures". The Review of Economics and Statistics. MIT Press. 28 (4): 199–207. doi:10.2307/1925416. ISSN 0034-6535. JSTOR 1925416.
  • Bean, Louis H. (1947). "Wholesale Prices and Industrial Stock Prices During and Immediately After the Two World Wars". The Review of Economics and Statistics. MIT Press. 29 (3): 199–200. doi:10.2307/1928631. ISSN 0034-6535. JSTOR 1928631.
  • Bean, Louis H. (1952). "Are Farmers Getting Too Much?". The Review of Economics and Statistics. MIT Press. 34 (3). ISSN 0034-6535. JSTOR 1925633.
  • Bennett, G. Harry, ed. (2004). Roosevelt's Peacetime Administrations, 1933–41: A Documentary History. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6565-1.
  • "Louis Bean is 'The Best-Known Prophet Since Daniel'". Businessweek. No. 1146. August 18, 1951. ISSN 0007-7135.
  • Campbell, W. Joseph (2020). Lost in a Gallup: Polling Failure in U.S. Presidential Elections. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-97213-1.
  • "Papers of Louis H. Bean, 1896–1994". Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  • Herberich, David H.; Levitt, Steven D.; List, John A. (2009). "Can Field Experiments Return Agricultural Economics to the Glory Days?" (PDF). American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Oxford University Press. 91 (2): 1259–1265. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01294.x. ISSN 0002-9092. JSTOR 20616292.
  • Hess, Jerry N. (1970). "Louis H. Bean Oral History Interview". Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  • Kennedy, Paul P. (February 4, 1953). "Election Prophet Loses Federal Job". The New York Times. ProQuest 112615908.
  • Lemelin, Bernard (2001). "The U.S. Presidential Election of 1948 – The Causes of Truman's 'Astonishing' Victory". Revue française d'études américaines. Belin éditeur [Fr]. 87: 38. doi:10.3917/rfea.087.0038. ISSN 0397-7870.
  • McCullough, David (1992). Truman. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-86920-5. LCCN 92005245. OL 1704072M.
  • Pace, Eric (August 8, 1994). . The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  • Pearson, Richard (August 6, 1994). "Louis H. Bean Dies at 98". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  • Penniman, Howard (1949). "How to Predict Elections by Louis H. Bean (Review)". The Journal of Politics. University of Chicago Press. 11 (1). doi:10.2307/2126512. ISSN 0022-3816. JSTOR 2126512.
  • Robinson, Claude (1941). "Ballot Behavior by Louis H. Bean (Review)". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. SAGE Publications. 214. ISSN 0002-7162. JSTOR 1024200.
  • Rosenof, Theodore (1999). "The Legend of Louis Bean: Political Prophecy and the 1948 Election". The Historian. Taylor & Francis. 62 (1): 63–78. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1999.tb01434.x. ISSN 0018-2370. JSTOR 24450539.
  • Rosenof, Theodore (2003). Realignment: The Theory That Changed the Way we Think About American Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3105-5. LCCN 2002153094. OL 7925159M.
  • Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. (1968). Henry A. Wallace of Iowa: The Agrarian Years, 1910–1940. University of Iowa Press. ISBN 978-0-8138-1741-5. LCCN 68009690. OL 5602903M.
  • Sitkoff, Harvard (1971). "Harry Truman and the Election of 1948: The Coming of Age of Civil Rights in American Politics". The Journal of Southern History. Southern Historical Association. 37 (4): 597–616. doi:10.2307/2206548. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 2206548.
  • Visser, Max (1994). "The Psychology of Voting Action: On the Psychological Origins of Electoral Research, 1939-1964". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. Wiley. 30: 43–52. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(199401)30:1<43::AID-JHBS2300300105>3.0.CO;2-D. ISSN 0022-5061.

Further reading

  • Bean, Louis H. (1940). Ballot Behavior. American Council on Public Affairs. OCLC 1316115.
  • Bean, Louis H. (1948). How to Predict Elections. Alfred A. Knopf. LCCN 48003171. OCLC 873447. OL 6028111M.

April 15, 2023
louis, bean, louis, hyman, bean, april, 1896, august, 1994, american, economic, political, analyst, best, known, predicting, harry, truman, victory, 1948, presidential, election, bean, 1943born, 1896, april, 1896lithuania, russian, empirediedaugust, 1994, 1994. Louis Hyman Bean April 15 1896 August 5 1994 was an American economic and political analyst who is best known for predicting Harry S Truman s victory in the 1948 presidential election Louis H BeanBean in 1943Born 1896 04 15 April 15 1896Lithuania Russian EmpireDiedAugust 5 1994 1994 08 05 aged 98 Arlington County Virginia U S Occupation s Economic and political analystNotable workBallot Behavior 1940 How to Predict Elections 1948 Bean was born in Lithuania Russian Empire and migrated to the United States with his family and settled in Laconia New Hampshire After receiving his preliminary education and graduating from college with a Bachelor of Arts degree he entered Harvard Business School in Massachusetts and in 1922 he received his Master of Business Administration degree In 1923 Bean became a member of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics at the United States Department of Agriculture he worked on estimates of farm income and price indices Bean s charts were used in Congress in discussions about the McNary Haugen Farm Relief Bill Bean was closely associated with Henry A Wallace he served as his economic advisor and also worked on several of Wallace s books He wrote articles for the journal The Review of Economics and Statistics During the late 1930s Bean began developing an interest in political analysis and predicted the results of many elections After his successful projection in the 1948 presidential election Life magazine referred to him as the Lone Prophet of Truman s victory 1 Bean wrote many books notably Ballot Behavior and How to Predict Elections He continued making electoral analyses and projections in the 1950s and 1960s most of which were accurate He died in 1994 at his home in Arlington Virginia Contents 1 Early life 2 Economic analyst 3 Political analyst 4 Later life and legacy 5 See also 6 Notes and references 6 1 Notes 6 2 References 6 3 Works cited 7 Further readingEarly life EditLouis Hyman Bean was born on April 15 1896 in Lithuania Russian Empire In 1906 Bean and his family migrated to the United States and settled in Laconia New Hampshire where his parents established a dry fruit business After receiving preliminary education at several schools in Laconia he enrolled at the University of Rochester in New York state During World War I Bean joined the United States Army in 1918 and served as a lieutenant until 1919 That same year he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree a year ahead of his class After graduating Bean worked as an assistant labor manager in the clothing industry He then enrolled at the Harvard Business School in Massachusetts and received his Master of Business Administration degree in 1922 2 3 4 Bean married Dorothy May Wile in 1923 and they had a daughter Elizabeth and a son David 5 6 Economic analyst EditIn 1923 Bean joined the newly formed Bureau of Agricultural Economics at the United States Department of Agriculture 2 Bean s work in the Department of Agriculture was based on the use of statistical analysis as a basis for formulating policy 7 As an economic analyst Bean worked on estimates of farm income and price indices and he served as the secretary of the committee responsible for preparing the department s monthly price reports During his tenure he made many successful forecasts about crops business and commodity prices 2 8 He was closely associated with Henry A Wallace the son of Secretary of Agriculture Henry Cantwell Wallace to whom Bean was also an advisor 2 9 10 Charts prepared by Bean were used when the McNary Haugen Farm Relief Bill was being discussed in Congress In 1933 Henry A Wallace the Secretary of Agriculture appointed Bean as the economic advisor of the Agricultural Adjustment Act Bean advised Wallace on economic issues and also worked on several of Wallace s books During World War II Bean served on the Board of Economic Warfare as the Budget Bureau s chief fiscal analyst From 1941 to 1945 Wallace served as the vice president under President Franklin D Roosevelt he later served as the secretary of commerce until 1946 Bean continued to work for Wallace during his vice presidency and later during his tenure as the secretary of commerce 2 9 11 5 In 1947 Bean returned to the office of the secretary of agriculture as the economic advisor to the farm secretary and retired when his position was abolished in 1953 12 13 He also wrote many books pamphlets and magazine articles 14 In addition Bean s work appeared in The Review of Economics and Statistics a journal on such topics as disposable income and industrial stock prices 15 16 17 Political analyst EditAccording to author Theodore Rosenof Bean began developing an interest in political analysis during the late 1930s Rosenof wrote Bean explained that he was captivated by a World Almanac compilation of state by state presidential election statistics since 1896 and discerned in them patterns that provoked further study Secretary Henry A Wallace encouraged this initial spark Bean practiced what he termed the art of political analysis and forecasting insisting that it was indeed an art and not a science 7 In the 1936 presidential election Bean projected Roosevelt to win in a landslide carrying all of the states except Maine Vermont and Pennsylvania This prediction ran contrary to most of the polls which believed it to be a close race but results broadly confirmed Bean s projection Roosevelt won the 1936 presidential election with 523 electoral votes to Alf Landon s 8 electoral votes carrying all the states except Maine and Vermont 5 18 Bean did not believe that the Republican Party s strong showing in the 1938 or 1942 congressional elections would help them win the 1940 or 1944 presidential elections 19 In 1940 Bean wrote a book titled Ballot Behavior Claude E Robinson of the Opinion Research Corporation wrote that the book provided a rough check for the political analyst and should be a part of the working kit of students 20 Democratic nominee Harry S Truman left with the Republican nominee Thomas E Dewey right at the dedication of Idlewild Airport Bean was nearly alone among major pollsters in predicting Truman s victory in the 1948 presidential election During the 1948 presidential election most of the polls including the Gallup poll projected that Republican Thomas E Dewey would defeat incumbent President Harry S Truman by a decisive margin 21 According to Bean third party candidate Henry A Wallace likely drew northern votes from Democrats which reduced their electorate He noticed however a rise in Truman s poll rating among farmers and workers during late 1947 and called it quite striking 22 The same year he wrote How To Predict Elections which Spencer Albright of the University of Richmond called even more valuable than the excellent Ballot Behavior 23 Howard Penniman of Yale University called Bean an imaginative and thoughtful election forecaster 24 In his book Bean unlike almost all other observers cited the likelihood of a high voter turnout combined with the unpopularity of the Republican Congress s policies and asserted that Truman s victory was possible 25 On election day Truman defeated Dewey a victory Newsweek called startling astonishing and a major miracle 26 Life magazine referred to Bean as the Lone Prophet of Truman s victory 1 27 The Alfred A Knopf publishing company which publicized Bean s book began advertising Oh Mr Gallup Oh Mr Roper Obviously you don t know Bean s How to Predict Elections a Bean earned a reputation for successfully predicting Truman s victory 30 Rosenof however argues that the truth was somewhat more complicated 25 as Bean s personal correspondence suggested that in the end however hesitantly he accepted the polls that consistently showed Dewey solidly ahead nationally 1 According to Rosenof Bean s main analytical method emphasized the idea of political tides it was similar to Arthur M Schlesinger Sr s cyclical theory Bean s method for predicting political trends was based on analyzing the economic condition of the nation He also focused on the various third party movements affecting the two party vote share 31 Rosenof wrote After 1948 the nation s political climate changed in such a way as to render Bean s analytic methodology less useful 3 In the 1952 presidential election Bean refused to make a public projection saying his method could not account for new factors 32 He favored Democrat Adlai Stevenson against Republican Dwight D Eisenhower but Eisenhower defeated Stevenson in a landslide Bean was one of the few pollsters to accurately predict the victory of the incumbent governor Pat Brown over former vice president Richard Nixon in the 1962 California gubernatorial election 5 In the 1950s and 1960s Bean continued making electoral analyses and projections most of which were accurate 6 Later life and legacy EditIn 1970 he wrote another book The Art of Forecasting 33 Rosenof wrote while the 1948 election signaled Bean s rise to prominence it also marked the height of his influence 34 Bean s wife Dorothy died in 1991 and Bean died on August 5 1994 due to congestive heart failure at his home in Arlington Virginia 5 6 Economist Karl A Fox mentioned Bean as one of the eight main agricultural economists in the first half of the twentieth century 35 Bean is best known for his successful prediction in the 1948 presidential election 6 Pollster Elmo Roper later argued that in the book How to Predict Elections Bean made no clear prediction 27 See also EditHarry S Truman 1948 presidential campaignNotes and references EditNotes Edit Referring to the Gallup poll and Elmo Roper After his victory Truman became the first candidate to lose in a Gallup poll but win the election 28 Roper had previously announced his organization would discontinue polling since it had already predicted Dewey s victory by a large majority of electoral votes 29 References Edit a b c Rosenof 1999 p 72 a b c d e FDR Library p ii a b Rosenof 1999 p 63 Hess 1970 pp 1 2 a b c d e Pearson 1994 a b c d Pace 1994 p 7 a b Rosenof 1999 p 65 Businessweek 1951 pp 64 66 a b Rosenof 1999 pp 63 65 Schapsmeier amp Schapsmeier 1968 p 59 Hess 1970 pp 3 8 FDR Library pp ii iii Kennedy 1953 p 16 Businessweek 1951 pp 64 66 Bean 1946 pp 199 202 Bean 1947 pp 199 200 Bean 1952 pp 260 261 Bennett 2004 p 216 Rosenof 1999 p 68 Robinson 1941 p 240 Visser 1994 p 48 Rosenof 1999 pp 69 70 Albright 1949 p 316 Penniman 1949 p 265 a b Rosenof 2003 p 23 McCullough 1992 p 710 a b Campbell 2020 p 69 Sitkoff 1971 p 613 Lemelin 2001 p 42 Rosenof 1999 p 69 Rosenof 1999 pp 66 67 Rosenof 1999 p 76 FDR Library p iii Rosenof 1999 p 78 Herberich Levitt amp List 2009 pp 1260 1264 Works cited Edit Albright Spencer 1949 How To Predict Elections by Louis H Bean Review The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly Wiley 29 4 ISSN 0038 4941 JSTOR 42865202 Bean Louis H 1946 Relation of Disposable Income and the Business Cycle to Expenditures The Review of Economics and Statistics MIT Press 28 4 199 207 doi 10 2307 1925416 ISSN 0034 6535 JSTOR 1925416 Bean Louis H 1947 Wholesale Prices and Industrial Stock Prices During and Immediately After the Two World Wars The Review of Economics and Statistics MIT Press 29 3 199 200 doi 10 2307 1928631 ISSN 0034 6535 JSTOR 1928631 Bean Louis H 1952 Are Farmers Getting Too Much The Review of Economics and Statistics MIT Press 34 3 ISSN 0034 6535 JSTOR 1925633 Bennett G Harry ed 2004 Roosevelt s Peacetime Administrations 1933 41 A Documentary History Manchester University Press ISBN 978 0 7190 6565 1 Louis Bean is The Best Known Prophet Since Daniel Businessweek No 1146 August 18 1951 ISSN 0007 7135 Campbell W Joseph 2020 Lost in a Gallup Polling Failure in U S Presidential Elections University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 97213 1 Papers of Louis H Bean 1896 1994 Franklin D Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum Retrieved November 21 2021 Herberich David H Levitt Steven D List John A 2009 Can Field Experiments Return Agricultural Economics to the Glory Days PDF American Journal of Agricultural Economics Oxford University Press 91 2 1259 1265 doi 10 1111 j 1467 8276 2009 01294 x ISSN 0002 9092 JSTOR 20616292 Hess Jerry N 1970 Louis H Bean Oral History Interview Harry S Truman Presidential Library amp Museum Retrieved November 21 2021 Kennedy Paul P February 4 1953 Election Prophet Loses Federal Job The New York Times ProQuest 112615908 Lemelin Bernard 2001 The U S Presidential Election of 1948 The Causes of Truman s Astonishing Victory Revue francaise d etudes americaines Belin editeur Fr 87 38 doi 10 3917 rfea 087 0038 ISSN 0397 7870 McCullough David 1992 Truman Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 671 86920 5 LCCN 92005245 OL 1704072M Pace Eric August 8 1994 Louis H Bean 98 Analyst Best Known For 1948 Prediction The New York Times Archived from the original on November 21 2021 Retrieved November 21 2021 Pearson Richard August 6 1994 Louis H Bean Dies at 98 The Washington Post Retrieved November 21 2021 Penniman Howard 1949 How to Predict Elections by Louis H Bean Review The Journal of Politics University of Chicago Press 11 1 doi 10 2307 2126512 ISSN 0022 3816 JSTOR 2126512 Robinson Claude 1941 Ballot Behavior by Louis H Bean Review The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science SAGE Publications 214 ISSN 0002 7162 JSTOR 1024200 Rosenof Theodore 1999 The Legend of Louis Bean Political Prophecy and the 1948 Election The Historian Taylor amp Francis 62 1 63 78 doi 10 1111 j 1540 6563 1999 tb01434 x ISSN 0018 2370 JSTOR 24450539 Rosenof Theodore 2003 Realignment The Theory That Changed the Way we Think About American Politics Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 7425 3105 5 LCCN 2002153094 OL 7925159M Schapsmeier Edward L Schapsmeier Frederick H 1968 Henry A Wallace of Iowa The Agrarian Years 1910 1940 University of Iowa Press ISBN 978 0 8138 1741 5 LCCN 68009690 OL 5602903M Sitkoff Harvard 1971 Harry Truman and the Election of 1948 The Coming of Age of Civil Rights in American Politics The Journal of Southern History Southern Historical Association 37 4 597 616 doi 10 2307 2206548 ISSN 0022 4642 JSTOR 2206548 Visser Max 1994 The Psychology of Voting Action On the Psychological Origins of Electoral Research 1939 1964 Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences Wiley 30 43 52 doi 10 1002 1520 6696 199401 30 1 lt 43 AID JHBS2300300105 gt 3 0 CO 2 D ISSN 0022 5061 Further reading EditBean Louis H 1940 Ballot Behavior American Council on Public Affairs OCLC 1316115 Bean Louis H 1948 How to Predict Elections Alfred A Knopf LCCN 48003171 OCLC 873447 OL 6028111M Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis H Bean amp oldid 1149921379, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.