Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard (2 August 1802 – 28 April 1872) was a French inventor, photographer and photo publisher. Being a cloth merchant by trade, in the 1840s he developed interest in photography and focused on technical and economical issues of mass production of photo prints.
He was born and raised in Lille[1] where he studied chemistry with Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann and miniature painting on porcelain.[2] After Louis Daguerre solved the problem of long exposure time and introduced daguerreotypy, a practical photographic process, to the general public in 1839, Blanquart-Evrard developed interest in photography. He studied the calotype, salt-print negative process, and in 1847 became the first person to publish on negative/positive paper photo process in France. He developed a method of bathing the paper in solutions of potassium iodide and silver nitrate rather than brushing these chemical baths on the surface.[3][4] In January 1847, he presented his research on stabilizing the photo prints by floating them in the silver solution to the French Academy of Sciences.[2]
Imprimerie Photographiqueedit
Three-color carbon print of botanical specimens by Blanquart-Evrard, 1871.
In 1850, he developed and introduced the albumen paper printing technique, which became the staple process of the soon to be popular carte de visite type of photo prints.[5] In September 1851 in Lille, France, with Hippolyte Fockedey, he started the Imprimerie Photographique de Lille, which was the first large scale printing company to employ a large number of employees.[6] Blanquart-Évrard introduced to public the work of many pioneering European photographers, such as Édouard Loydreau (1820–1905), Charles Marville (1813–1879), Ernest Benecke (1817–1894), Thomas Sutton (1819–1875), and Maxime Du Camp (1822–1894). In the 1850s he became known for publishing John Stewart's views of the Pyrenees and Auguste Saltzmann's views of Jerusalem. However, the calotype process that he adopted and improved had the disadvantage of leaving a blank white sky and dark foreground, which led to artist manipulating and using multiple negatives to add clouds to the sky and make the foreground more distinct. The problem with these manipulations was that often the clouds were taken in the morning and the foreground was taken in the afternoon. Also, due to technology deficiency, photo prints were fading with time and Blanquart-Evrard's business venture had to close in 1855, losing in competition with lithographs.[2]
Towards the end of his life, Blanquart-Evrard collaborated in color printing with Louis Ducos Du Hauron. A three-color carbon print of botanical specimens produced by Blanquart-Evrard in 1871 has survived.[7]
Recognitionedit
In 1860s, Blanquart-Evrard published several influential essays and books, including, On the intervention of art in photography[8] and La photographie: ses origines, ses progrès, ses transformations[9] where he described the first three decades of the progress of photography and formulated important for the future development of photography as a fine art theoretical and aesthetic ideas. He is now considered as a major figure of the 1850s, a golden decade in the development of photography.[2]
Referencesedit
^Lance Day & Ian McNeil, (eds.). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology, 1995.
^ abcdEncyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, Volume 1, edited by John Hannavy. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007, pp. 167–168.
^Photomechanical plates in La photographie, ses origines, ses progrès, ses transformations, David A. Hanson Collection of the History of Photomechanical Reproduction
^Louis-desire Blanquart-evrard (1802–1872) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews Archived 29 May 2012 at archive.today
^Solbert, Oscar N.; Newhall, Beaumont; Card, James G., eds. (March 1952). (PDF). Image. 1 (3). Rochester, N.Y.: International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House Inc.: 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
^Hanson, David (2013). Edward Bierstadt: color photography and color printing. The American Printing History Association. p. 4.
^Blanquart-Evrard. On the Intervention of Art in Photography: With an Introduction by Thomas Sutton, Translated from the French by Alfred Harral. London: Sampson Low, Son & Co, 1864.
^Blanquart-Evrard. La photographie: ses origines, ses progrès, ses transformations. Lille: Imprimerie L. Danel, 1870.
Further readingedit
Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, Traité de photographie sur papier, Librairie encyclopédique Roret, 1851
Louis-Désiré Blanquart Evrard, Intervention de l'art dans la photographie, Leiber, 1864
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard.
Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, The J. Paul Getty Museum
January 01, 1970
louis, désiré, blanquart, evrard, august, 1802, april, 1872, french, inventor, photographer, photo, publisher, being, cloth, merchant, trade, 1840s, developed, interest, photography, focused, technical, economical, issues, mass, production, photo, prints, blan. Louis Desire Blanquart Evrard 2 August 1802 28 April 1872 was a French inventor photographer and photo publisher Being a cloth merchant by trade in the 1840s he developed interest in photography and focused on technical and economical issues of mass production of photo prints Louis Desire Blanquart EvrardBlanquart Evrard in 1869Born 1802 08 02 2 August 1802Lille FranceDied28 April 1872 1872 04 28 aged 69 Lille FranceKnown forAlbumen printing Contents 1 Biography 2 Imprimerie Photographique 3 Recognition 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBiography editHe was born and raised in Lille 1 where he studied chemistry with Charles Frederic Kuhlmann and miniature painting on porcelain 2 After Louis Daguerre solved the problem of long exposure time and introduced daguerreotypy a practical photographic process to the general public in 1839 Blanquart Evrard developed interest in photography He studied the calotype salt print negative process and in 1847 became the first person to publish on negative positive paper photo process in France He developed a method of bathing the paper in solutions of potassium iodide and silver nitrate rather than brushing these chemical baths on the surface 3 4 In January 1847 he presented his research on stabilizing the photo prints by floating them in the silver solution to the French Academy of Sciences 2 Imprimerie Photographique edit nbsp Three color carbon print of botanical specimens by Blanquart Evrard 1871 In 1850 he developed and introduced the albumen paper printing technique which became the staple process of the soon to be popular carte de visite type of photo prints 5 In September 1851 in Lille France with Hippolyte Fockedey he started the Imprimerie Photographique de Lille which was the first large scale printing company to employ a large number of employees 6 Blanquart Evrard introduced to public the work of many pioneering European photographers such as Edouard Loydreau 1820 1905 Charles Marville 1813 1879 Ernest Benecke 1817 1894 Thomas Sutton 1819 1875 and Maxime Du Camp 1822 1894 In the 1850s he became known for publishing John Stewart s views of the Pyrenees and Auguste Saltzmann s views of Jerusalem However the calotype process that he adopted and improved had the disadvantage of leaving a blank white sky and dark foreground which led to artist manipulating and using multiple negatives to add clouds to the sky and make the foreground more distinct The problem with these manipulations was that often the clouds were taken in the morning and the foreground was taken in the afternoon Also due to technology deficiency photo prints were fading with time and Blanquart Evrard s business venture had to close in 1855 losing in competition with lithographs 2 Towards the end of his life Blanquart Evrard collaborated in color printing with Louis Ducos Du Hauron A three color carbon print of botanical specimens produced by Blanquart Evrard in 1871 has survived 7 Recognition editIn 1860s Blanquart Evrard published several influential essays and books including On the intervention of art in photography 8 and La photographie ses origines ses progres ses transformations 9 where he described the first three decades of the progress of photography and formulated important for the future development of photography as a fine art theoretical and aesthetic ideas He is now considered as a major figure of the 1850s a golden decade in the development of photography 2 References edit Lance Day amp Ian McNeil eds Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology 1995 a b c d Encyclopedia of nineteenth century photography A I Volume 1 edited by John Hannavy New York Taylor amp Francis 2007 pp 167 168 Salted Paper Blanquart Evrard process Photomechanical plates in La photographie ses origines ses progres ses transformations David A Hanson Collection of the History of Photomechanical Reproduction Louis desire Blanquart evrard 1802 1872 Artwork Images Exhibitions Reviews Archived 29 May 2012 at archive today Solbert Oscar N Newhall Beaumont Card James G eds March 1952 Blanquart Evrard PDF Image 1 3 Rochester N Y International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House Inc 3 Archived from the original PDF on 12 March 2013 Retrieved 19 June 2014 Hanson David 2013 Edward Bierstadt color photography and color printing The American Printing History Association p 4 Blanquart Evrard On the Intervention of Art in Photography With an Introduction by Thomas Sutton Translated from the French by Alfred Harral London Sampson Low Son amp Co 1864 Blanquart Evrard La photographie ses origines ses progres ses transformations Lille Imprimerie L Danel 1870 Further reading editLouis Desire Blanquart Evrard Traite de photographie sur papier Librairie encyclopedique Roret 1851 Louis Desire Blanquart Evrard Intervention de l art dans la photographie Leiber 1864External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis Desire Blanquart Evrard Louis Desire Blanquart Evrard The J Paul Getty Museum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis Desire Blanquart Evrard amp oldid 1208970056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
