Louis Bouët (6 April 1880 - 9 July 1969) was a French teacher and anarcho-syndicalist. He played a leading role in the National Federation of Teachers' Unions and in the socialist party. He was briefly a member of the steering committee of the French Communist Party. For many years he edited the pedagogical review L'Ecole Emancipée (The Emancipated School), which he had founded.
Louis Bouët was born on 6 April 1880 in Montfaucon-sur-Moine, Maine-et-Loire, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Cholet. His father was a shoemaker and café operator, with little money and less faith. A great uncle in the church offered to pay his fees if he entered the minor seminary to become a priest, but Bouët was not a believer and wanted to become a teacher. He managed to gain admission in 1897 to the École normale in Angers. He was influenced by the headmaster who was a socialist and supporter of Dreyfus.[1]
After leaving school Bouët was assigned to Trélazé and then Saumur, where he stayed for two years before being called up for military service. While at Saumur he spent time with Émile Masson who told him about libertarian doctrines. He met Gabrielle Dechezelles, an accountant in a wholesale grocery, and helped her prepare for her Brevet élémentaire examination. With a small inheritance he was able to return to college and earn his Brevet supérieur. He married Gabrielle and they were to have three children.[1]
Union activistedit
In 1905 the Louis Bouët signed the manifesto of the teacher's union. Bouët joined the socialist party, the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) in 1906.[2] His revolutionary syndicalist views did not prevent Bouet from joining the socialist party, where he often defended "Hervéiste" concepts.[3] In 1908 the Maine-et-Loire teacher's syndicate, led by Louis Bouët, advocated the organization of joint conferences of civil servants and workers. This had been explicitly forbidden, and charges were laid against the leaders. Bouët revived the revolutionary spirit of the Federation of Teacher's Unions when he launched the pedagogical review L'Ecole Emancipée (The Emancipated School) in 1910.[4]
After the congress of Chambéry in 1912 Bouët drew up the manifesto of unionized teachers. In 1913 the existence of the syndicate was threatened by the government. World War I (July 1914 - November 1918) caused many socialists to abandon their internationalist principles and accept the patriotic cause. Bouët stood firm to his principles.[1] On 15 August 1915 a pacifist resolution was presented at the CGT's national congress at the initiative of Alphonse Merrheim and Albert Bourderon, signed by several militants of the federation of teacher's unions including Bouet, Fernand Loriot, Louis Lafosse, Marie Guillot, Marie Mayoux, Marthe Bigot and Hélène Brion. The resolution said "this war is not our war" and laid responsibility on the leaders of the belligerent states. The resolution denounced the union sacrée and called for the restoration of liberty.[5]
In the period immediately after the war Bouët played a decisive role in the teacher's federation.[6] At the congress of the National Federation of Teachers' Unions in August 1919 the organization took the name Fédération des Membres de l'Enseignement Laïque (FMEL: Federation of Lay Teachers)', since it was in favor of a single union for all types of teachers. Bouet was designated secretary general.[7] He laid the foundations for an International of Education. Due to his union activities, Louis Bouët and his wife were dismissed from their teaching jobs from 8 August 1920 to 1925. Bouët represented Maine-et-Loire at the 3rd International's congress at Tours in December 1920. He confirmed his syndicalist views, and would not accept that one organization should be subject to another. Leon Trotsky, whom he had met in August 1916, encouraged him to accept a leadership position in the communist party. At the December 1921 congress in Marseille he was appointed to the steering committee, but he resigned on 8 February 1922.[1]
Journalistedit
From April 1922 to 1936 Bouët was in charge of the l'École Émancipée.[8] The Politburo decided to offer Bouët a position as general secretary of l'Humanité in April 1924 after Alfred Rosmer had resigned, but it seems that he turned the position down.[1] Bouet privately expressed doubts about the legitimacy of the Communist party given the evolution of Russia under Stalin, and devoted himself to editing l'École Émancipée.[9]
Louis Bouët left the Communist party around 1927. In 1930 he joined the Cercle Communiste Démocratique (Democratic Communist Circle) of Boris Souvarine. During World War II (1939 - 1945), in June 1940 Louis Bouët was arrested and interned in the Dordogne for eight months. After the Liberation of France in 1944 he helped to relaunch l'École Émancipée, and remained involved with the journal for the rest of his life. He died on 9 July 1969 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, aged 89.[1]
Bibliographyedit
Bouët, Louis (1924). Le Syndicalisme dans l'enseignement. libr. le 'l'École émancipée', 15, rue Fardeau. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Salducci, Servet; Bouët, Louis; Dommanget, Maurice (1934). La Fédération de l'enseignement dans les assises syndicales. Interventions de Serret, L. Bouet, Salducci au Congrès confédéral unitaire (23-29 septembre 1933), et de Dommanget au Congrès de la Fédération autonome (19 novembre 1933). Impr.-libr. du Travail. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Bouët, Louis (1941). Les pionniers du syndicalisme universitaires. Ed. de l'École émancipée. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Bouët, Louis (1973). Trente ans de combat: syndicaliste et pacifiste. L'Amitiâe par le livre. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Girault, Jacques (2002). Des communistes en France: années 1920-années 1960. Publications de la Sorbonne. ISBN978-2-85944-446-4. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Maitron, Jean; Pennetier, Claude (2011). "Bouët (1880-1969)". La Bataille Socialiste. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Siwek-Pouydesseau, Jeanne (1989). Le syndicalisme des fonctionnaires jusqu'à la guerre froide: 1848-1948. Presses Univ. Septentrion. p. 86. ISBN978-2-85939-342-7. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
March 06, 2024
louis, bouët, french, admiral, louis, Édouard, bouët, willaumez, april, 1880, july, 1969, french, teacher, anarcho, syndicalist, played, leading, role, national, federation, teachers, unions, socialist, party, briefly, member, steering, committee, french, comm. For the French Admiral see Louis Edouard Bouet Willaumez Louis Bouet 6 April 1880 9 July 1969 was a French teacher and anarcho syndicalist He played a leading role in the National Federation of Teachers Unions and in the socialist party He was briefly a member of the steering committee of the French Communist Party For many years he edited the pedagogical review L Ecole Emancipee The Emancipated School which he had founded Louis BouetBorn 1880 04 06 6 April 1880Montfaucon sur Moine Maine et Loire FranceDied9 July 1969 1969 07 09 aged 89 Saumur Maine et Loire FranceNationalityFrenchOccupationTeacherKnown forMilitant syndicalism Contents 1 Early years 2 Union activist 3 Journalist 4 Bibliography 5 ReferencesEarly years editLouis Bouet was born on 6 April 1880 in Montfaucon sur Moine Maine et Loire 20 kilometres 12 mi from Cholet His father was a shoemaker and cafe operator with little money and less faith A great uncle in the church offered to pay his fees if he entered the minor seminary to become a priest but Bouet was not a believer and wanted to become a teacher He managed to gain admission in 1897 to the Ecole normale in Angers He was influenced by the headmaster who was a socialist and supporter of Dreyfus 1 After leaving school Bouet was assigned to Trelaze and then Saumur where he stayed for two years before being called up for military service While at Saumur he spent time with Emile Masson who told him about libertarian doctrines He met Gabrielle Dechezelles an accountant in a wholesale grocery and helped her prepare for her Brevet elementaire examination With a small inheritance he was able to return to college and earn his Brevet superieur He married Gabrielle and they were to have three children 1 Union activist editIn 1905 the Louis Bouet signed the manifesto of the teacher s union Bouet joined the socialist party the Section Francaise de l Internationale Ouvriere SFIO in 1906 2 His revolutionary syndicalist views did not prevent Bouet from joining the socialist party where he often defended Herveiste concepts 3 In 1908 the Maine et Loire teacher s syndicate led by Louis Bouet advocated the organization of joint conferences of civil servants and workers This had been explicitly forbidden and charges were laid against the leaders Bouet revived the revolutionary spirit of the Federation of Teacher s Unions when he launched the pedagogical review L Ecole Emancipee The Emancipated School in 1910 4 After the congress of Chambery in 1912 Bouet drew up the manifesto of unionized teachers In 1913 the existence of the syndicate was threatened by the government World War I July 1914 November 1918 caused many socialists to abandon their internationalist principles and accept the patriotic cause Bouet stood firm to his principles 1 On 15 August 1915 a pacifist resolution was presented at the CGT s national congress at the initiative of Alphonse Merrheim and Albert Bourderon signed by several militants of the federation of teacher s unions including Bouet Fernand Loriot Louis Lafosse Marie Guillot Marie Mayoux Marthe Bigot and Helene Brion The resolution said this war is not our war and laid responsibility on the leaders of the belligerent states The resolution denounced the union sacree and called for the restoration of liberty 5 In the period immediately after the war Bouet played a decisive role in the teacher s federation 6 At the congress of the National Federation of Teachers Unions in August 1919 the organization took the name Federation des Membres de l Enseignement Laique FMEL Federation of Lay Teachers since it was in favor of a single union for all types of teachers Bouet was designated secretary general 7 He laid the foundations for an International of Education Due to his union activities Louis Bouet and his wife were dismissed from their teaching jobs from 8 August 1920 to 1925 Bouet represented Maine et Loire at the 3rd International s congress at Tours in December 1920 He confirmed his syndicalist views and would not accept that one organization should be subject to another Leon Trotsky whom he had met in August 1916 encouraged him to accept a leadership position in the communist party At the December 1921 congress in Marseille he was appointed to the steering committee but he resigned on 8 February 1922 1 Journalist editFrom April 1922 to 1936 Bouet was in charge of the l Ecole Emancipee 8 The Politburo decided to offer Bouet a position as general secretary of l Humanite in April 1924 after Alfred Rosmer had resigned but it seems that he turned the position down 1 Bouet privately expressed doubts about the legitimacy of the Communist party given the evolution of Russia under Stalin and devoted himself to editing l Ecole Emancipee 9 Louis Bouet left the Communist party around 1927 In 1930 he joined the Cercle Communiste Democratique Democratic Communist Circle of Boris Souvarine During World War II 1939 1945 in June 1940 Louis Bouet was arrested and interned in the Dordogne for eight months After the Liberation of France in 1944 he helped to relaunch l Ecole Emancipee and remained involved with the journal for the rest of his life He died on 9 July 1969 in Saumur Maine et Loire aged 89 1 Bibliography editBouet Louis 1924 Le Syndicalisme dans l enseignement libr le l Ecole emancipee 15 rue Fardeau Retrieved 2013 09 16 Salducci Servet Bouet Louis Dommanget Maurice 1934 La Federation de l enseignement dans les assises syndicales Interventions de Serret L Bouet Salducci au Congres confederal unitaire 23 29 septembre 1933 et de Dommanget au Congres de la Federation autonome 19 novembre 1933 Impr libr du Travail Retrieved 2013 09 16 Bouet Louis 1941 Les pionniers du syndicalisme universitaires Ed de l Ecole emancipee Retrieved 2013 09 16 Bouet Louis 1973 Trente ans de combat syndicaliste et pacifiste L Amitiae par le livre Retrieved 2013 09 16 References editCitations a b c d e f Maitron amp Pennetier 2011 Cuenot 2011 p 228 Girault 2002 p 222 Siwek Pouydesseau 1989 p 86 Chuzeville 2012 p 21 Girault 2002 p 221 Siwek Pouydesseau 1989 p 169 Siwek Pouydesseau 1989 p 172 Girault 2002 p 227 Sources Chuzeville Julien 2012 Fernand Loriot le fondateur oublie du Parti communiste Harmattan p 21 ISBN 978 2 336 00119 7 Retrieved 2013 09 16 Cuenot Alain 2011 Clarte Harmattan ISBN 978 2 296 55496 2 Retrieved 2013 09 16 Girault Jacques 2002 Des communistes en France annees 1920 annees 1960 Publications de la Sorbonne ISBN 978 2 85944 446 4 Retrieved 2013 09 16 Maitron Jean Pennetier Claude 2011 Bouet 1880 1969 La Bataille Socialiste Retrieved 2013 09 16 Siwek Pouydesseau Jeanne 1989 Le syndicalisme des fonctionnaires jusqu a la guerre froide 1848 1948 Presses Univ Septentrion p 86 ISBN 978 2 85939 342 7 Retrieved 2013 09 16 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis Bouet amp oldid 1203357949, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
