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L'Humanité

December 08, 2023

For the 1999 French film, see Humanité.

L'Humanité (French pronunciation: [lymanite]; lit. 'Humanity') is a French daily newspaper. It was previously an organ of the SFIO, de facto, and thereafter of the French Communist Party (PCF), and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, L'Humanité would not exist."[1]

L'Humanité
Front page of L'Humanité on 25 February 2010. Commenting on the Greek government-debt crisis, the headline reads "Greece does not want to pay the rich people's bills".
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBerliner
Owner(s)L'Humanité
EditorPatrick Le Hyaric
Founded1904; 119 years ago (1904)
Political alignmentLeft-wing
HeadquartersParis
CountryFrance
Websitewww.humanite.fr

History and profile edit

Pre-World War II edit

L'Humanité was founded in 1904[2][3] by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).[1][4] Jaurès also edited the paper until his assassination on 31 July 1914.[5]

When the Socialists split at the 1920 Tours Congress, the Communists took control of L'Humanité. Therefore, it became a communist paper despite its socialist origin.[6] The PCF has published it ever since. The PCF owns 40 per cent of the paper with the remaining shares held by staff, readers and "friends" of the paper. The paper is also sustained by the annual Fête de l'Humanité, held in the working class suburbs of Paris, at Le Bourget, near Aubervilliers, and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the country.

The fortunes of L'Humanité have fluctuated with those of the PCF. During the 1920s, when the PCF was politically isolated, it was kept in existence only by donations from Party members.

Louis Aragon started to write for L'Humanité in 1933, in the "news in brief" section. He later led Les Lettres françaises, the paper's weekly literary supplement. With the formation of the Popular Front in 1936, L'Humanité's circulation and status increased, and many leading French intellectuals wrote for it. L'Humanité was banned during World War II but published clandestinely until liberation of Paris from German occupation.

After World War II edit

The paper's status was highest in the years after World War II, when the PCF was the dominant party of the French left and L'Humanité enjoyed a large circulation. Since the 1980s, however, the PCF has been in decline, mostly due to the rise of the Socialist Party, which took over large sections of PCF support, and circulation and economic viability of L'Humanité have declined as well.

Until 1990 the PCF and L'Humanité received regular subsidies from the Soviet Union. According to the French authors Victor Loupan and Pierre Lorrain (fr), L'Humanité received free newsprint from Soviet sources.

Post-Soviet Union edit

The fall of the Soviet Union and the continued decline of the PCF's electoral base produced a crisis for L'Humanité. Its circulation, more than 500,000 after the war, slumped to under 70,000. In 2001, after a decade of financial decline, the PCF sold 20 per cent of the paper to a group of private investors led by the TV channel TF1 (part of the Bouygues group) and including Hachette (Lagardère Group). TF1 said its motive was "maintenance of media diversity." Despite the irony of a communist newspaper being rescued by private capital, some of which supported right-wing politics, L'Humanité director Patrick Le Hyaric described the sale as "a matter of life or death."

Since 2001, there has been speculation that L'Humanité would cease as a daily newspaper. However, in contrast to most French newspapers, its publication has actually since increased to about 75,000.

After 2001 edit

In 2006, the paper created a weekly edition, L'Humanité Dimanche. The same year L'Humanité had a circulation of 52,800 copies.[1] In 2008, it sold its headquarters due to financial problems and called for donations. More than €2 million had been donated by the end of 2008. In 2020, L'Humanité had a circulation of 39,522 copies.[7]

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Circulation 103,738 106,151 107,022 105,599 105,069 102,372 100,632 100,831 100,012 97,009 100,259 96,789

Fête de l'Humanité edit

The newspaper organizes the annual Fête de l'Humanité festival as a fundraising event.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "The press in France". BBC. 11 November 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  2. ^ John Tebbel (2003). . Encyclopedia Americana. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  3. ^ (PDF). McGraw-Hill Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  4. ^ Cathie Burton; Alun Drake (2004). Hitting the Headlines in Europe: A Country-by-country Guide to Effective Media Relations. Kogan Page Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7494-4226-2. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  5. ^ Raphael Levy (January 1929). "The Daily Press in France". The Modern Language Journal. 13 (4): 294–303. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1929.tb01247.x. JSTOR 315897.
  6. ^ Alex Hughes; Keith Reader (1998). . London: Routledge. p. 287. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  7. ^ "L'Humanité - ACPM". www.acpm.fr. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to L'Humanité.
  • (in English) Fête de l'Humanité: A weekend of politics and Rock'n'Roll – Radio France Internationale
  • (in French) L'Humanité (official website)
  • (in Russian)
  • (in Spanish) Cinco Noticias - Actual L'Humanité en Español
  • (in English) Regular French Press Review 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine – Radio France International
  • (in English) L'Humanité's digital archives from 1904 to 1944 – Gallica, the digital library of the BnF (archived issues themselves are in French)
  • (in French)Underground edition of L'Humanité (zone nord)[permanent dead link] from 1939 to 1944 online in Gallica.
  • (in French)Underground edition of L'Huma (Bobigny) online in Gallica.
  • (in French) Underground edition of L'Humanité. Organe central du Parti communiste S.F.I.C. Ed. spéciale féminine. [Zone nord.] online in Gallica.
  • (in English) "Our Goal", translation of Jean Jaurès' editorial of the first issue

Further reading edit

  • Victor Loupan and Pierre Lorrain: L'Argent de Moscou. L'histoire la plus secrete du PCF, Paris, 1994

December 08, 2023
humanité, 1999, french, film, humanité, french, pronunciation, lymanite, humanity, french, daily, newspaper, previously, organ, sfio, facto, thereafter, french, communist, party, maintains, links, party, slogan, ideal, world, would, exist, front, page, februar. For the 1999 French film see Humanite L Humanite French pronunciation lymanite lit Humanity is a French daily newspaper It was previously an organ of the SFIO de facto and thereafter of the French Communist Party PCF and maintains links to the party Its slogan is In an ideal world L Humanite would not exist 1 L HumaniteFront page of L Humanite on 25 February 2010 Commenting on the Greek government debt crisis the headline reads Greece does not want to pay the rich people s bills TypeDaily newspaperFormatBerlinerOwner s L HumaniteEditorPatrick Le HyaricFounded1904 119 years ago 1904 Political alignmentLeft wingHeadquartersParisCountryFranceWebsitewww humanite frMedia of FranceList of newspapers Contents 1 History and profile 1 1 Pre World War II 1 2 After World War II 1 3 Post Soviet Union 1 4 After 2001 2 Fete de l Humanite 3 See also 4 References 5 External links 6 Further readingHistory and profile editPre World War II edit L Humanite was founded in 1904 2 3 by Jean Jaures a leader of the French Section of the Workers International SFIO 1 4 Jaures also edited the paper until his assassination on 31 July 1914 5 When the Socialists split at the 1920 Tours Congress the Communists took control of L Humanite Therefore it became a communist paper despite its socialist origin 6 The PCF has published it ever since The PCF owns 40 per cent of the paper with the remaining shares held by staff readers and friends of the paper The paper is also sustained by the annual Fete de l Humanite held in the working class suburbs of Paris at Le Bourget near Aubervilliers and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the country The fortunes of L Humanite have fluctuated with those of the PCF During the 1920s when the PCF was politically isolated it was kept in existence only by donations from Party members Louis Aragon started to write for L Humanite in 1933 in the news in brief section He later led Les Lettres francaises the paper s weekly literary supplement With the formation of the Popular Front in 1936 L Humanite s circulation and status increased and many leading French intellectuals wrote for it L Humanite was banned during World War II but published clandestinely until liberation of Paris from German occupation After World War II edit The paper s status was highest in the years after World War II when the PCF was the dominant party of the French left and L Humanite enjoyed a large circulation Since the 1980s however the PCF has been in decline mostly due to the rise of the Socialist Party which took over large sections of PCF support and circulation and economic viability of L Humanite have declined as well Until 1990 the PCF and L Humanite received regular subsidies from the Soviet Union According to the French authors Victor Loupan and Pierre Lorrain fr L Humanite received free newsprint from Soviet sources Post Soviet Union edit The fall of the Soviet Union and the continued decline of the PCF s electoral base produced a crisis for L Humanite Its circulation more than 500 000 after the war slumped to under 70 000 In 2001 after a decade of financial decline the PCF sold 20 per cent of the paper to a group of private investors led by the TV channel TF1 part of the Bouygues group and including Hachette Lagardere Group TF1 said its motive was maintenance of media diversity Despite the irony of a communist newspaper being rescued by private capital some of which supported right wing politics L Humanite director Patrick Le Hyaric described the sale as a matter of life or death Since 2001 there has been speculation that L Humanite would cease as a daily newspaper However in contrast to most French newspapers its publication has actually since increased to about 75 000 After 2001 edit In 2006 the paper created a weekly edition L Humanite Dimanche The same year L Humanite had a circulation of 52 800 copies 1 In 2008 it sold its headquarters due to financial problems and called for donations More than 2 million had been donated by the end of 2008 In 2020 L Humanite had a circulation of 39 522 copies 7 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Circulation 103 738 106 151 107 022 105 599 105 069 102 372 100 632 100 831 100 012 97 009 100 259 96 789Fete de l Humanite editThe newspaper organizes the annual Fete de l Humanite festival as a fundraising event See also edit nbsp France portalHistory of French journalismReferences edit a b c The press in France BBC 11 November 2006 Retrieved 22 November 2014 John Tebbel 2003 Print Media France Encyclopedia Americana Archived from the original on 9 May 2019 Retrieved 1 November 2014 Historical development of the media in France PDF McGraw Hill Education Archived from the original PDF on 25 February 2015 Retrieved 24 February 2015 Cathie Burton Alun Drake 2004 Hitting the Headlines in Europe A Country by country Guide to Effective Media Relations Kogan Page Publishers p 118 ISBN 978 0 7494 4226 2 Retrieved 25 November 2014 Raphael Levy January 1929 The Daily Press in France The Modern Language Journal 13 4 294 303 doi 10 1111 j 1540 4781 1929 tb01247 x JSTOR 315897 Alex Hughes Keith Reader 1998 Encyclopedia of Contemporary French Culture London Routledge p 287 Archived from the original on 29 November 2014 L Humanite ACPM www acpm fr Retrieved 6 May 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to L Humanite in English Fete de l Humanite A weekend of politics and Rock n Roll Radio France Internationale in French L Humanite official website in Russian L Humanite na russkom yazyke in Spanish Cinco Noticias Actual L Humanite en Espanol in English Regular French Press Review Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Radio France International in English L Humanite s digital archives from 1904 to 1944 Gallica the digital library of the BnF archived issues themselves are in French in French Underground edition of L Humanite zone nord permanent dead link from 1939 to 1944 online in Gallica in French Underground edition of L Huma Bobigny online in Gallica in French Underground edition of L Humanite Organe central du Parti communiste S F I C Ed speciale feminine Zone nord online in Gallica in English Our Goal translation of Jean Jaures editorial of the first issueFurther reading editVictor Loupan and Pierre Lorrain L Argent de Moscou L histoire la plus secrete du PCF Paris 1994 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title L 27Humanite amp oldid 1178327152, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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