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Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino

December 15, 2023

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso di ˈpjɛːro de ˈmɛːditʃi]; 12 September 1492 – 4 May 1519) was the ruler of Florence from 1516 until his death in 1519. He was also Duke of Urbino during the same period. His daughter Catherine de' Medici became Queen Consort of France, while his illegitimate son, Alessandro de' Medici, became the first Duke of Florence.

Lorenzo II de' Medici
Portrait by Raphael, 1518[1]
Ruler of Florence
Reign17 March 1516 – 4 May 1519
PredecessorGiuliano de' Medici
SuccessorGiulio de' Medici
Born12 September 1492
Florence, Republic of Florence
Died4 May 1519(1519-05-04) (aged 26)
Careggi, Republic of Florence
Noble familyMedici
Spouse(s)Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne
IssueCatherine, Queen of France
Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (illegitimate)
FatherPiero the Unfortunate
MotherAlfonsina Orsini
Not to be confused with Lorenzo de' Medici, his grandfather.

Early life edit

Lorenzo was born in Florence on 12 September 1492, a son of Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici and Alfonsina Orsini.[2] His paternal grandparents were Lorenzo the Magnificent and Clarice Orsini.[2] His maternal grandparents were Roberto Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo and his wife, Catherine of San Severino.

Career edit

Lorenzo II became lord of Florence in August 1513, after his uncle, Giuliano de' Medici, handed over control of its government. Ambitious by nature, Lorenzo II, despite being appointed Captain of the Florentine militia, lacked patience with Florence's republican system of government and thus, in 1516, convinced his uncle, Pope Leo X to make him Duke of Urbino at the age of 24.[3] So began a conflict with the city's previous duke, Francesco Maria I della Rovere. During the protracted War of Urbino, Delle Rovere recaptured the city, only to have Medici — commanding a 10,000-man Papal army — in turn, retake the city. During battle, Lorenzo was wounded, which prompted him to retire to Tuscany. In September 1517, he regained Urbino via treaty; however, it remained under the Medici family's rule for only two years. In 1521 the duchy reverted to the Della Rovere family.[3]

On 13 June 1518, Lorenzo married Madeleine de la Tour, daughter of the Count of Auvergne.[4] The marriage produced a daughter, Catherine, in 1519. Catherine de' Medici went on to become Queen of France, via a marriage to the future King Henry II of France, arranged by the second Medici Pope, Pope Clement VII.[5]

Only 21 days after Catherine de' Medici's birth, Lorenzo II died, "worn out by disease and excess."[6] Thus his daughter Catherine was raised primarily by the Medici Popes, Leo X and Clement VII, and their surrogates.

Lorenzo II's tomb is in the Medici Chapel of Florence's Church of San Lorenzo. There is disagreement over which of the two tombs is Lorenzo II's. The received view is that Lorenzo'ss tomb that is adorned by Michelangelo's sculpture Pensieroso, which offers an idealized portrait of Lorenzo II, and that its companion piece, also sculpted by Michelangelo, represents Lorenzo II's uncle Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici. But historian Richard Trexler has argued that Lorenzo II, having been Captain of the Florentine militia, must be the figure holding the baton, symbol of military authority conferred by the Republic. Trexler also notes that the "Pensieroso" is holding a mappa, the symbol of military authority in ancient Rome, which would be an appropriate symbol for Giuliano di Lorenzo, who was appointed Captain of Roman forces. In sharing the same name with his illustrious ancestor, Lorenzo the Magnificent, the Duke's tomb is often mistaken for that of his grandfather.[7][8]

Famously, Niccolò Machiavelli dedicated his political treatise The Prince to Lorenzo to advise him of tactics to use to maintain his authority.[9]

Ancestry edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In private collection, on view at the Metropolitan Museum of Art from June 26–October 11, 2021
  2. ^ a b Stapleford 2013, p. 12.
  3. ^ a b Cavallo & Evangelisti 2016, p. 74.
  4. ^ Fletcher 2016, p. viii.
  5. ^ "BBC - History - Catherine de Medici".
  6. ^ "Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, duca di Urbino | Italian ruler".
  7. ^ Peter Barenboim, Sergey Shiyan, Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel, SLOVO, Moscow, 2006. ISBN 5-85050-825-2
  8. ^ Barenboim P. D. / Peter Barenboim. (2017). "The Mouse that Michelangelo Did Carve in the Medici Chapel: An Oriental Comment to the Famous Article of Erwin Panofsky". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "Lorenzo de' Medici, Lord of Florence and Duke of Urbino — the Medici Family".

Sources edit

  • Cavallo, Sandra; Evangelisti, Silvia, eds. (2016). Domestic Institutional Interiors in Early Modern Europe. Routledge.
  • Fletcher, Catherine (2016). The Black Prince of Florence: The Spectacular Life and Treacherous World of Alessandro de' Medici. Oxford University Press.
  • Rothfield, Lawrence (2021). The Measure of Man: Liberty, Virtue, and Beauty in the Florentine Renaissance. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Stapleford, Richard, ed. (2013). Lorenzo De' Medici at Home: The Inventory of the Palazzo Medici in 1492. The Pennsylvania State University Press.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons
 
Wikisource has original works by or about:
Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
    Lorenzo II de' Medici
    Born: 12 September 1492 Died: 4 May 1519
    Italian nobility
    Preceded by Duke of Urbino
    1516–1519     		Succeeded by

    December 15, 2023
    lorenzo, medici, duke, urbino, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jst. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lorenzo de Medici Duke of Urbino news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Lorenzo di Piero de Medici Italian pronunciation loˈrɛntso di ˈpjɛːro de ˈmɛːditʃi 12 September 1492 4 May 1519 was the ruler of Florence from 1516 until his death in 1519 He was also Duke of Urbino during the same period His daughter Catherine de Medici became Queen Consort of France while his illegitimate son Alessandro de Medici became the first Duke of Florence Lorenzo II de MediciPortrait by Raphael 1518 1 Ruler of FlorenceReign17 March 1516 4 May 1519PredecessorGiuliano de MediciSuccessorGiulio de MediciBorn12 September 1492Florence Republic of FlorenceDied4 May 1519 1519 05 04 aged 26 Careggi Republic of FlorenceNoble familyMediciSpouse s Madeleine de La Tour d AuvergneIssueCatherine Queen of FranceAlessandro de Medici Duke of Florence illegitimate FatherPiero the UnfortunateMotherAlfonsina OrsiniNot to be confused with Lorenzo de Medici his grandfather Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Ancestry 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Sources 7 External linksEarly life editLorenzo was born in Florence on 12 September 1492 a son of Piero di Lorenzo de Medici and Alfonsina Orsini 2 His paternal grandparents were Lorenzo the Magnificent and Clarice Orsini 2 His maternal grandparents were Roberto Orsini Count of Tagliacozzo and his wife Catherine of San Severino Career editLorenzo II became lord of Florence in August 1513 after his uncle Giuliano de Medici handed over control of its government Ambitious by nature Lorenzo II despite being appointed Captain of the Florentine militia lacked patience with Florence s republican system of government and thus in 1516 convinced his uncle Pope Leo X to make him Duke of Urbino at the age of 24 3 So began a conflict with the city s previous duke Francesco Maria I della Rovere During the protracted War of Urbino Delle Rovere recaptured the city only to have Medici commanding a 10 000 man Papal army in turn retake the city During battle Lorenzo was wounded which prompted him to retire to Tuscany In September 1517 he regained Urbino via treaty however it remained under the Medici family s rule for only two years In 1521 the duchy reverted to the Della Rovere family 3 On 13 June 1518 Lorenzo married Madeleine de la Tour daughter of the Count of Auvergne 4 The marriage produced a daughter Catherine in 1519 Catherine de Medici went on to become Queen of France via a marriage to the future King Henry II of France arranged by the second Medici Pope Pope Clement VII 5 Only 21 days after Catherine de Medici s birth Lorenzo II died worn out by disease and excess 6 Thus his daughter Catherine was raised primarily by the Medici Popes Leo X and Clement VII and their surrogates Lorenzo II s tomb is in the Medici Chapel of Florence s Church of San Lorenzo There is disagreement over which of the two tombs is Lorenzo II s The received view is that Lorenzo ss tomb that is adorned by Michelangelo s sculpture Pensieroso which offers an idealized portrait of Lorenzo II and that its companion piece also sculpted by Michelangelo represents Lorenzo II s uncle Giuliano di Lorenzo de Medici But historian Richard Trexler has argued that Lorenzo II having been Captain of the Florentine militia must be the figure holding the baton symbol of military authority conferred by the Republic Trexler also notes that the Pensieroso is holding a mappa the symbol of military authority in ancient Rome which would be an appropriate symbol for Giuliano di Lorenzo who was appointed Captain of Roman forces In sharing the same name with his illustrious ancestor Lorenzo the Magnificent the Duke s tomb is often mistaken for that of his grandfather 7 8 Famously Niccolo Machiavelli dedicated his political treatise The Prince to Lorenzo to advise him of tactics to use to maintain his authority 9 Ancestry editAncestors of Lorenzo de Medici Duke of Urbino16 Cosimo de Medici8 Piero de Medici17 Contessina de Bardi4 Lorenzo de Medici18 Francesco Tornabuoni9 Lucrezia Tornabuoni19 Nanna Guicciardini2 Piero de Medici20 Orso Orsini Lord of Monterotondo10 Jacopo Orsini Lord of Monterotondo21 Lucrezia Conti5 Clarissa Orsini22 Carlo Orsini Lord of Bracciano 12 11 Maddalena Orsini23 Paola Orsini 13 1 Lorenzo de Medici Duke of Urbino24 Giovanni Orsini Lord of Bracciano12 Carlo Orsini Lord of Bracciano25 Bartolomea Spinelli6 Roberto Orsini Count of Tagliacozzo26 Giacomo Orsini Count of Tagliacozzo13 Paola Orsini27 Isabella Marzano3 Alfonsina Orsini28 Filippo Sanseverino Count of Matera14 Amerigo Sanseverino Count of Capaccio29 Elisabetta d Aquino7 Caterina Sanseverino30 Antonio Sanseverino Duke of San Marco15 Margherita Sanseverino31 Giovanna OrsiniSee also editHouse of Medici Medici ChapelNotes edit In private collection on view at the Metropolitan Museum of Art from June 26 October 11 2021 a b Stapleford 2013 p 12 a b Cavallo amp Evangelisti 2016 p 74 Fletcher 2016 p viii BBC History Catherine de Medici Lorenzo di Piero de Medici duca di Urbino Italian ruler Peter Barenboim Sergey Shiyan Michelangelo Mysteries of Medici Chapel SLOVO Moscow 2006 ISBN 5 85050 825 2 Barenboim P D Peter Barenboim 2017 The Mouse that Michelangelo Did Carve in the Medici Chapel An Oriental Comment to the Famous Article of Erwin Panofsky a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Lorenzo de Medici Lord of Florence and Duke of Urbino the Medici Family Sources editCavallo Sandra Evangelisti Silvia eds 2016 Domestic Institutional Interiors in Early Modern Europe Routledge Fletcher Catherine 2016 The Black Prince of Florence The Spectacular Life and Treacherous World of Alessandro de Medici Oxford University Press Rothfield Lawrence 2021 The Measure of Man Liberty Virtue and Beauty in the Florentine Renaissance Rowman amp Littlefield Stapleford Richard ed 2013 Lorenzo De Medici at Home The Inventory of the Palazzo Medici in 1492 The Pennsylvania State University Press External links edit nbsp Media related to Lorenzo di Piero de Medici at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Lorenzo de Medici Duke of Urbino The Medici The Senior or Cafaggiolo Family Line The Glorious 1400sLorenzo II de MediciHouse of MediciBorn 12 September 1492 Died 4 May 1519Italian nobilityPreceded byFrancesco Maria I della Rovere Duke of Urbino1516 1519 Succeeded byFrancesco Maria I della Rovere Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lorenzo de 27 Medici Duke of Urbino amp oldid 1178269901, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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