Loggerhead sea turtle policies of the Barack Obama administration (2009–2017)
January 15, 2023
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The loggerhead sea turtle, is protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. It was originally listed as a threatened species on July 28, 1978.[1] The turtle's status was updated to Vulnerable (VU) on August 23, 2018.[2] The loggerhead turtle is the most prolific species of sea turtle in U.S. coastal waters.[3]
Endangered populations of loggerhead sea turtles are:[5]
Mediterranean Sea DPS
North Indian Ocean DPS
North Pacific Ocean DPS
Northeast Atlantic Ocean DPS
South Pacific Ocean DPS
The two of these distinct population segments of loggerhead sea turtles that fall within United States Territory are the North Pacific Ocean DPS (range defined as north of the equator and south of 60°N lat.) and the Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS (range defined as north of the equator, south of 60°N lat., and west of 40°W. long.).[1]
North Pacific Ocean DPS
Fish and Wildlife service checking gillnet
Off the coast of southern California NMFS, NOAA, and Department of Commerce prohibited fishing with large drift gillnet (DGN) gear in the loggerhead conservation area during the presence of El Niño conditions in order to protect the endangered North Pacific Ocean loggerhead DPS.[6] This ruling effective July 23, 2014 was intended to prevent bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles.[6] A team including sea turtle biologists and oceanographers determined the presence of El Niño conditions based on the “El Niño watch” issued by the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), anomalies found in sea surface temperature (SST) charts published by NOAA's Coast Watch Program, the presence of loggerhead sea turtles in the Pacific loggerhead conservation area, and reports of loggerhead strandings.[6] The SST data showed higher than average temperatures during summer months off the coast of southern California.[6] This same fisheries closure ruling due to El Niño conditions was again implemented May 29, 2015, and then again June 1, 2016.[7][8]
Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS
Beach notice - loggerhead critical habitat is protected by law
Critical habitat designation for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS of loggerhead sea turtles specified 38 marine areas that include nearshore reproductive habitat, breeding areas, winter area, constricted migratory corridors, and Sargassum habitat.[9] This ruling was made the NMFS, NOAA, and Department of Commerce effective August 11, 2014.[9] Nesting beaches were identified as critical terrestrial habitat by Fish and Wildlife Services and the Department of the Interior within the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, effective August 11, 2014.[10] The 2012 BiOp is an integral component to managing the shallow-set fishery, because the one-year incidental take statement (ITS, including reasonable and prudent management measures, and terms and conditions) forms the basis for regulations that specify the annual limits on leatherback and North Pacific loggerhead sea turtle interactions with the fishery that are necessary to manage the impacts of the fishery on sea turtles.[11]
Effective January 11, 2010 the NMFS, NOAA, and Department of Commerce removed the limit on the number of fishing gear deployments for the Hawaii-based pelagic shallow-set longline fisheries and simultaneously increased the number of incidental interactions allowed with loggerhead sea turtles.[12] This ruling stated that longline fisheries may not interact with over 46 loggerhead sea turtles a year, a number thought to not interfere with survival and recovery of loggerhead sea turtles.[12] This ruling was revised March 10, 2011 to reduce the number of allowed interactions from 46 a year to 17, a revision aimed to protect the loggerheads and maintain fishery yield.[11] November 18, 2011 the pelagic shallow-set longline fisheries in Hawaii reached the annual limit on physical interactions with turtles and was closed by NMFS.[13] Incidental interaction limit for loggerhead turtles was increased from 17 to 34 interactions a year starting November 5, 2012.[14]
References
^ ab"Endangered and Threatened Species: Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Loggerhead Sea Turtle Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and Determination Regarding Critical Habitat for the North Pacific Ocean Loggerhead DPS". Federal Register. 2014-07-10. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
^Paolo Casale (IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group / Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin, ” University of Rome “La Sapienza; Anton Tucker (Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium, Sarasota (2015-08-23). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Caretta caretta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
^ ab"Endangered and Threatened Species; Determination of Nine Distinct Population Segments of Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Endangered or Threatened". Federal Register. 2011-09-22. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^ ab"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; Final Rule To Revise the Code of Federal Regulations for Species Under the Jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service". Federal Register. 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^ abcd"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure". Federal Register. 2014-07-25. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure". Federal Register. 2015-06-03. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure". Federal Register. 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^ ab"Endangered and Threatened Species: Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Loggerhead Sea Turtle Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and Determination Regarding Critical Habitat for the North Pacific Ocean Loggerhead DPS". Federal Register. 2014-07-10. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Distinct Population Segment of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle". Federal Register. 2014-07-10. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^ ab"International Fisheries Regulations; Fisheries in the Western Pacific; Pelagic Fisheries; Hawaii-based Shallow-set Longline Fishery". Federal Register. 2009-12-10. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
^"Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Closure of the Hawaii Shallow-Set Pelagic Longline Fishery Due To Reaching the Annual Limit on Sea Turtle Interactions". Federal Register. 2011-11-25. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
^"Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Revised Limits on Sea Turtle Interactions in the Hawaii Shallow-Set Longline Fishery". Federal Register. 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
January 15, 2023
loggerhead, turtle, policies, barack, obama, administration, 2009, 2017, topic, this, article, meet, wikipedia, general, notability, guideline, please, help, demonstrate, notability, topic, citing, reliable, secondary, sources, that, independent, topic, provid. The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia s general notability guideline Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention If notability cannot be shown the article is likely to be merged redirected or deleted Find sources Loggerhead sea turtle policies of the Barack Obama administration 2009 2017 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The loggerhead sea turtle is protected under the Endangered Species Act ESA of 1973 It was originally listed as a threatened species on July 28 1978 1 The turtle s status was updated to Vulnerable VU on August 23 2018 2 The loggerhead turtle is the most prolific species of sea turtle in U S coastal waters 3 Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta Contents 1 Background Distinct population segments DPS 2 North Pacific Ocean DPS 3 Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS 4 Hawaii based pelagic shallow set longline fisheries 5 ReferencesBackground Distinct population segments DPS EditThe loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta is geographically distributed into nine distinct population segments DPS 4 The National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA the U S Fish and Wildlife Services USFWS and the Department of the Interior ruled four DPSs as threatened and five DPSs as endangered effective on October 24 2011 4 Loggerhead DPSs listed as threatened under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Commerce are 5 Northwestern Atlantic Ocean DPS South Atlantic Ocean DPS Southeast Indo Pacific Ocean DPS Southwest Indian Ocean DPS Endangered populations of loggerhead sea turtles are 5 Mediterranean Sea DPS North Indian Ocean DPS North Pacific Ocean DPS Northeast Atlantic Ocean DPS South Pacific Ocean DPSThe two of these distinct population segments of loggerhead sea turtles that fall within United States Territory are the North Pacific Ocean DPS range defined as north of the equator and south of 60 N lat and the Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS range defined as north of the equator south of 60 N lat and west of 40 W long 1 North Pacific Ocean DPS Edit Fish and Wildlife service checking gillnet Off the coast of southern California NMFS NOAA and Department of Commerce prohibited fishing with large drift gillnet DGN gear in the loggerhead conservation area during the presence of El Nino conditions in order to protect the endangered North Pacific Ocean loggerhead DPS 6 This ruling effective July 23 2014 was intended to prevent bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles 6 A team including sea turtle biologists and oceanographers determined the presence of El Nino conditions based on the El Nino watch issued by the Climate Prediction Center CPC anomalies found in sea surface temperature SST charts published by NOAA s Coast Watch Program the presence of loggerhead sea turtles in the Pacific loggerhead conservation area and reports of loggerhead strandings 6 The SST data showed higher than average temperatures during summer months off the coast of southern California 6 This same fisheries closure ruling due to El Nino conditions was again implemented May 29 2015 and then again June 1 2016 7 8 Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS Edit Beach notice loggerhead critical habitat is protected by law Critical habitat designation for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS of loggerhead sea turtles specified 38 marine areas that include nearshore reproductive habitat breeding areas winter area constricted migratory corridors and Sargassum habitat 9 This ruling was made the NMFS NOAA and Department of Commerce effective August 11 2014 9 Nesting beaches were identified as critical terrestrial habitat by Fish and Wildlife Services and the Department of the Interior within the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico effective August 11 2014 10 The 2012 BiOp is an integral component to managing the shallow set fishery because the one year incidental take statement ITS including reasonable and prudent management measures and terms and conditions forms the basis for regulations that specify the annual limits on leatherback and North Pacific loggerhead sea turtle interactions with the fishery that are necessary to manage the impacts of the fishery on sea turtles 11 Hawaii based pelagic shallow set longline fisheries Edit Illustration of longline fishing technique Effective January 11 2010 the NMFS NOAA and Department of Commerce removed the limit on the number of fishing gear deployments for the Hawaii based pelagic shallow set longline fisheries and simultaneously increased the number of incidental interactions allowed with loggerhead sea turtles 12 This ruling stated that longline fisheries may not interact with over 46 loggerhead sea turtles a year a number thought to not interfere with survival and recovery of loggerhead sea turtles 12 This ruling was revised March 10 2011 to reduce the number of allowed interactions from 46 a year to 17 a revision aimed to protect the loggerheads and maintain fishery yield 11 November 18 2011 the pelagic shallow set longline fisheries in Hawaii reached the annual limit on physical interactions with turtles and was closed by NMFS 13 Incidental interaction limit for loggerhead turtles was increased from 17 to 34 interactions a year starting November 5 2012 14 References Edit a b Endangered and Threatened Species Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Loggerhead Sea Turtle Distinct Population Segment DPS and Determination Regarding Critical Habitat for the North Pacific Ocean Loggerhead DPS Federal Register 2014 07 10 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Paolo Casale IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin University of Rome La Sapienza Anton Tucker Mote Marine Laboratory amp Aquarium Sarasota 2015 08 23 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Caretta caretta IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Retrieved 2021 02 07 Fisheries NOAA Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta NOAA Fisheries www nmfs noaa gov Retrieved 2017 04 14 a b Endangered and Threatened Species Determination of Nine Distinct Population Segments of Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Endangered or Threatened Federal Register 2011 09 22 Retrieved 2017 03 16 a b Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Final Rule To Revise the Code of Federal Regulations for Species Under the Jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service Federal Register 2014 04 14 Retrieved 2017 03 16 a b c d Fisheries Off West Coast States the Highly Migratory Species Fishery Closure Federal Register 2014 07 25 Retrieved 2017 03 16 Fisheries Off West Coast States the Highly Migratory Species Fishery Closure Federal Register 2015 06 03 Retrieved 2017 03 16 Fisheries Off West Coast States the Highly Migratory Species Fishery Closure Federal Register 2016 06 03 Retrieved 2017 03 16 a b Endangered and Threatened Species Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Loggerhead Sea Turtle Distinct Population Segment DPS and Determination Regarding Critical Habitat for the North Pacific Ocean Loggerhead DPS Federal Register 2014 07 10 Retrieved 2017 03 16 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Distinct Population Segment of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle Federal Register 2014 07 10 Retrieved 2017 03 16 a b Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries Hawaii Based Shallow set Longline Fishery Court Order Federal Register 2011 03 11 Retrieved 2017 03 16 a b International Fisheries Regulations Fisheries in the Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries Hawaii based Shallow set Longline Fishery Federal Register 2009 12 10 Retrieved 2017 03 16 Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries Closure of the Hawaii Shallow Set Pelagic Longline Fishery Due To Reaching the Annual Limit on Sea Turtle Interactions Federal Register 2011 11 25 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries Revised Limits on Sea Turtle Interactions in the Hawaii Shallow Set Longline Fishery Federal Register 2012 10 04 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Loggerhead sea turtle policies of the Barack Obama administration 2009 2017 amp oldid 1037795713, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
