The Loening S-1 Flying Yacht, also called the Loening Model 23, was an early light monoplaneflying boat designed in the United States by Grover Loening in the early 1920s.[1] The aircraft won the 1921 Collier Trophy.
The S-1 Flying Yacht was a high-wing, strut-braced monoplane with the engine mounted pusher-fashion in a nacelle atop the wing. The cabin was semi-enclosed, featuring side windows but no roof, and was located immediately ahead of the wing.
Twin tails were fitted, carrying a common stabiliser in a high position. The construction was unusual, in that rather than the flying boat hull being integral with the fuselage, the Model 23's hull was a large, separate pontoon mounted directly underneath a fuselage that was a separate structure.[2] This was intended to combine the safety of a floatplane design with the low parasitic drag of a conventional flying boat[2]Grover Loening was awarded the 1921 Aero Club of America Trophy for the design.[3]
The fuel tank was located under the rear passenger seat.[4] The prototype was tested with a new roll-control mechanism to replace ailerons using a small leading edge that extended and retracted outboard of the wing tips.[5]
Operational historyedit
The S-1 was the second seaplane in monoplane configuration ever to go into production.[6] It was one of the fastest seaplanes in production in 1921.[7] The S-1 set a world seaplane record of 141 mph (227 km/h) in 1921 winning the Collier trophy for the year.[8] An S-1 set a world record for altitude with four passengers flying to a height of 19,500 ft (5,944 m) over Long Island, New York in August 1921.[9]
Three of the Air Yachts were purchased by the New York-Newport Air Service,[10][11] and nine by the United States Army Air Service which operated them under the designation S-1.[10]
On a test-flight on 16 August 1921, an Air Yacht piloted by David McCulloch reached an altitude of 19,500 ft (5,900 m) carrying three passengers (Grover Loening, Leroy Grumman, and Ladislas d'Orcy) in what was believed to be a record at the time.[2] On 7 November 1924, Victor E. Bertrandias set a world airspeed record for a seaplane over a 1000-km course, with a speed of 103 mph (164 km/h) in an Army S-1.[12]
Variantsedit
S-1
Nine delivered to the United States Army
Model 23
Three delivered to New York-Newport Air Service and flown until 1923.[6][13]
Type 23
One custom Type 23 was ordered by Vincent Astor, and a second 400 hp (298 kW) Curtiss powered variant was also ordered.[14]
Custom 300 hp
Wright Aeronautical ordered a 300 hp (224 kW) Wright powered variant for a corporate aircraft named "Wilbur Wright".[15]
Johnson, E.R. American Flying Boats and Amphibious Aircraft: An Illustrated History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2009. ISBN978-0-7864-3974-4.
Nicolaou, Stéphane. Flying Boats & Seaplanes: A History from 1905. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI, 1998. ISBN978-0-7603-0621-5.
Stoff, Joshua. Long Island Aircraft Manufacturers (Images of Aviation). Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2010. ISBN978-0-7385-7336-6.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Loening Model 23.
S-1 in flight
May 02, 2024
loening, model, loening, flying, yacht, also, called, early, light, monoplane, flying, boat, designed, united, states, grover, loening, early, 1920s, aircraft, 1921, collier, trophy, model, yacht, usaas, role, flying, boat, airliner, national, origin, united, . The Loening S 1 Flying Yacht also called the Loening Model 23 was an early light monoplane flying boat designed in the United States by Grover Loening in the early 1920s 1 The aircraft won the 1921 Collier Trophy Model 23 Air Yacht S 1 S 1 of the USAAS Role Flying boat airliner National origin United States Manufacturer Loening First flight 1921 Number built 16 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications S 1 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDesign and development editThe S 1 Flying Yacht was a high wing strut braced monoplane with the engine mounted pusher fashion in a nacelle atop the wing The cabin was semi enclosed featuring side windows but no roof and was located immediately ahead of the wing Twin tails were fitted carrying a common stabiliser in a high position The construction was unusual in that rather than the flying boat hull being integral with the fuselage the Model 23 s hull was a large separate pontoon mounted directly underneath a fuselage that was a separate structure 2 This was intended to combine the safety of a floatplane design with the low parasitic drag of a conventional flying boat 2 Grover Loening was awarded the 1921 Aero Club of America Trophy for the design 3 The fuel tank was located under the rear passenger seat 4 The prototype was tested with a new roll control mechanism to replace ailerons using a small leading edge that extended and retracted outboard of the wing tips 5 Operational history editThe S 1 was the second seaplane in monoplane configuration ever to go into production 6 It was one of the fastest seaplanes in production in 1921 7 The S 1 set a world seaplane record of 141 mph 227 km h in 1921 winning the Collier trophy for the year 8 An S 1 set a world record for altitude with four passengers flying to a height of 19 500 ft 5 944 m over Long Island New York in August 1921 9 Three of the Air Yachts were purchased by the New York Newport Air Service 10 11 and nine by the United States Army Air Service which operated them under the designation S 1 10 On a test flight on 16 August 1921 an Air Yacht piloted by David McCulloch reached an altitude of 19 500 ft 5 900 m carrying three passengers Grover Loening Leroy Grumman and Ladislas d Orcy in what was believed to be a record at the time 2 On 7 November 1924 Victor E Bertrandias set a world airspeed record for a seaplane over a 1000 km course with a speed of 103 mph 164 km h in an Army S 1 12 Variants editS 1 Nine delivered to the United States Army Model 23 Three delivered to New York Newport Air Service and flown until 1923 6 13 Type 23 One custom Type 23 was ordered by Vincent Astor and a second 400 hp 298 kW Curtiss powered variant was also ordered 14 Custom 300 hp Wright Aeronautical ordered a 300 hp 224 kW Wright powered variant for a corporate aircraft named Wilbur Wright 15 Operators edit nbsp United States New York Newport Air Service United States Army Air Service Nine with the military designation S 1 Specifications S 1 edit nbsp A civilian Air Yacht Data from American Flying Boats and Amphibious Aircraft An Illustrated History 16 General characteristicsCrew 1 Capacity 4 Length 30 ft 9 1 m Wingspan 45 ft 14 m Height 8 ft 2 4 m Wing area 330 sq ft 31 m2 Empty weight 2 200 lb 998 kg Gross weight 3 550 lb 1 610 kg Powerplant 1 Liberty L 12 400 hp 300 kW Propellers 4 bladed Hartzell Performance Maximum speed 123 kn 141 mph 227 km h Cruise speed 96 kn 110 mph 180 km h Service ceiling 19 500 ft 5 900 m Rate of climb 950 ft min 4 8 m s Time to altitude 10 mins to 9 500ft Wing loading 10 7 lb sq ft 52 kg m2 Power mass 8 9lbs hpSee also editAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Spencer Air Car Republic Seabee Kirkham Air YachtReferences editNotes Taylor 1989 609 a b c The Loening Model 23 Flying Boat Collier 1920 1929 winners The Loening Claim for the Collier Trophy Aviation January 30 1922 Loening tests new type of flight control for airplanes Automotive Industries December 14 1922 a b Johnson 2009 page needed Aviation February 20 1922 p 234 The Founding Father Flying Magazine August 1976 p 76 Aviation January 2 1922 p 8 a b Taylor 1989 610 Newport New York Air Service Ready FAI Record File Stoff 2010 p 26 Flight 3 April 1922 p 392 Nicolaou 1998 page needed Flight October 27 1921 p 699 et seq Bibliography The Loening Model 23 Flying Boat Flight 699 701 27 October 1921 Retrieved 2008 10 15 Taylor Michael J H 1989 Jane s Encyclopedia of Aviation London Studio Editions Collier 1920 1929 Winners National Aeronautic Association website Archived from the original on 2011 05 31 Retrieved 2008 10 15 New York Newport Air Service Ready New York Times 26 March 1923 p 30 Retrieved 2008 10 15 Record File Federation Aeronautique Internationale website Retrieved 2008 10 15 permanent dead link Johnson E R American Flying Boats and Amphibious Aircraft An Illustrated History Jefferson North Carolina McFarland 2009 ISBN 978 0 7864 3974 4 Nicolaou Stephane Flying Boats amp Seaplanes A History from 1905 St Paul Minnesota MBI 1998 ISBN 978 0 7603 0621 5 Stoff Joshua Long Island Aircraft Manufacturers Images of Aviation Mount Pleasant South Carolina Arcadia Publishing 2010 ISBN 978 0 7385 7336 6 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Loening Model 23 S 1 in flight Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Loening Model 23 amp oldid 1072045812, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
