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Llyn Fawr

January 01, 1970

Llyn Fawr ('large lake' in Welsh) is a reservoir that occupies one of a series glacial cirques that form the northern escarpment of the South Wales Coalfield uplands, overlooking the heads of the Vale of Neath and the Cynon Valley, South Wales. It is known as the site of an important hoard of weapons and tools from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age.

Llyn Fawr
Llyn Fawr
LocationRhigos, South Wales Valleys, Wales
Coordinates51°43′11″N 3°34′6″W / 51.71972°N 3.56833°W / 51.71972; -3.56833
Lake typenatural lake, reservoir
Basin countriesUnited Kingdom
Surface area9.8 ha (24 acres)
Surface elevation368 m (1,207 ft)

It lies on the northern flanks of Craig-y-Llyn, a mountain that is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[1] The western cirque contains Llyn Fach ('small lake'). While in government terms, it falls in the unitary authority of Rhondda Cynon Taf, in geographic terms it is actually in the Vale of Neath and its excess waters (all its water before conversion) flow into Nant Gwrelych, which flows into the River Neath at Pont Walby near Glynneath. Less than 1 km to the southeast and south lie the headwaters of the Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach rivers, while 1.5 km to the southwest lie the headwaters of River Corrwg.

Drinking water reservoir edit

Owing to its rapid and massive industrialisation during its coalfield boom (population increasing from 951 in 1851 to 113,735 in 1901), the Rhondda Valley, which lies on the south side of the escarpment, surpassed the supply of water it could source from its own river, so in 1909 the Water Works division of Rhondda Urban District Council contracted builders to convert Llyn Fawr into a reservoir. Originally having an area of 11.927 acres (0.048 km2),[2] the lake was expanded, by the construction of a 25-foot high embankment dam and deepening of lake bed, to give a total storage volume of 200,000,000 gallons (909 megalitres).[3] With work completed in 1913 giving the new lake a surface area of 21.616 acres (0.087 km2),[4] which then was increased again to 24.75 acres (0.100 km2) sometime before 1970s.[5] The raw water supply then being pumped through a 1.25-mile long tunnel under Craig-y-Llyn to Ty'n-y-waun water treatment works, in Tynewydd, Rhondda. This tunnel is still a critical part of Welsh Water's infrastructure, supplying the majority of the water supply for the Rhondda valley.[6] Although it is subsiding due to collapsing coal working below, with water now pooling in the middle,[7] investigation is being made into either ways to stabilise it or replace it.[6]

Bronze age hoard edit

It was during the deepening of the lake that the Llyn Fawr Hoard was discovered between 1909 and 1912. It contains many objects from the late Bronze Age, but also a number of iron objects, notably an iron sword of the Hallstatt type. Two other iron implements were found – a spear and a socketed sickle. Bronze items included two cauldrons and axeheads. The items appear to have been placed in the lake as votive offerings. The date of these items is uncertain because of the context of the finds, but the sword is thought to date from about 650 BC. It is the earliest iron object to have been discovered in Wales. The hoard gave its name to the Llyn Fawr Phase, which is the last phase of the Bronze Age in Britain. The hoard is now in the possession of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.

References edit

  1. ^ . ccw.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  2. ^ Ordnance Survey County Series, Glamorganshire. 1899.
  3. ^ "Lyn Fawr Hoard – Hirwaun Historical Society". Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  4. ^ Ordnance Survey County Series, Glamorganshire. 1918–2019.
  5. ^ Ordnance Survey (1962–1972). OS Plan (map series).
  6. ^ a b Welsh Water (September 2018). "PR19: Raw Water Distribution Maintenance". Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Llyn Fawr Tunnel". Derelict Places. 15 June 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  • Leslie Alcock (1972) The Irish Sea Zone in the Pre-Roman Iron Age CBE Research Report 9 3 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography edit

  • Frances Lynch, Stephen Aldhouse-Green & Jeffrey L. Davies (2000) Prehistoric Wales (Sutton Publishing) ISBN 0-7509-2165-X

External links edit

  • www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Llyn Fawr and surrounding area

January 01, 1970
llyn, fawr, large, lake, welsh, reservoir, that, occupies, series, glacial, cirques, that, form, northern, escarpment, south, wales, coalfield, uplands, overlooking, heads, vale, neath, cynon, valley, south, wales, known, site, important, hoard, weapons, tools. Llyn Fawr large lake in Welsh is a reservoir that occupies one of a series glacial cirques that form the northern escarpment of the South Wales Coalfield uplands overlooking the heads of the Vale of Neath and the Cynon Valley South Wales It is known as the site of an important hoard of weapons and tools from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age Llyn FawrLlyn FawrLocationRhigos South Wales Valleys WalesCoordinates51 43 11 N 3 34 6 W 51 71972 N 3 56833 W 51 71972 3 56833Lake typenatural lake reservoirBasin countriesUnited KingdomSurface area9 8 ha 24 acres Surface elevation368 m 1 207 ft It lies on the northern flanks of Craig y Llyn a mountain that is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest 1 The western cirque contains Llyn Fach small lake While in government terms it falls in the unitary authority of Rhondda Cynon Taf in geographic terms it is actually in the Vale of Neath and its excess waters all its water before conversion flow into Nant Gwrelych which flows into the River Neath at Pont Walby near Glynneath Less than 1 km to the southeast and south lie the headwaters of the Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach rivers while 1 5 km to the southwest lie the headwaters of River Corrwg Contents 1 Drinking water reservoir 2 Bronze age hoard 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksDrinking water reservoir editOwing to its rapid and massive industrialisation during its coalfield boom population increasing from 951 in 1851 to 113 735 in 1901 the Rhondda Valley which lies on the south side of the escarpment surpassed the supply of water it could source from its own river so in 1909 the Water Works division of Rhondda Urban District Council contracted builders to convert Llyn Fawr into a reservoir Originally having an area of 11 927 acres 0 048 km2 2 the lake was expanded by the construction of a 25 foot high embankment dam and deepening of lake bed to give a total storage volume of 200 000 000 gallons 909 megalitres 3 With work completed in 1913 giving the new lake a surface area of 21 616 acres 0 087 km2 4 which then was increased again to 24 75 acres 0 100 km2 sometime before 1970s 5 The raw water supply then being pumped through a 1 25 mile long tunnel under Craig y Llyn to Ty n y waun water treatment works in Tynewydd Rhondda This tunnel is still a critical part of Welsh Water s infrastructure supplying the majority of the water supply for the Rhondda valley 6 Although it is subsiding due to collapsing coal working below with water now pooling in the middle 7 investigation is being made into either ways to stabilise it or replace it 6 Bronze age hoard editIt was during the deepening of the lake that the Llyn Fawr Hoard was discovered between 1909 and 1912 It contains many objects from the late Bronze Age but also a number of iron objects notably an iron sword of the Hallstatt type Two other iron implements were found a spear and a socketed sickle Bronze items included two cauldrons and axeheads The items appear to have been placed in the lake as votive offerings The date of these items is uncertain because of the context of the finds but the sword is thought to date from about 650 BC It is the earliest iron object to have been discovered in Wales The hoard gave its name to the Llyn Fawr Phase which is the last phase of the Bronze Age in Britain The hoard is now in the possession of Amgueddfa Cymru Museum Wales References edit Craig y Llyn ccw gov uk Archived from the original on 14 December 2014 Retrieved 30 October 2011 Ordnance Survey County Series Glamorganshire 1899 Lyn Fawr Hoard Hirwaun Historical Society Retrieved 13 April 2021 Ordnance Survey County Series Glamorganshire 1918 2019 Ordnance Survey 1962 1972 OS Plan map series a b Welsh Water September 2018 PR19 Raw Water Distribution Maintenance Retrieved 13 April 2021 Llyn Fawr Tunnel Derelict Places 15 June 2008 Retrieved 13 April 2021 Leslie Alcock 1972 The Irish Sea Zone in the Pre Roman Iron Age CBE Research Report 9 Archived 3 December 2006 at the Wayback MachineBibliography editFrances Lynch Stephen Aldhouse Green amp Jeffrey L Davies 2000 Prehistoric Wales Sutton Publishing ISBN 0 7509 2165 XExternal links editEntry for bronze cauldron at National Museum Wales Bronze cauldron found at Llyn Fawr Reconstruction of an offering at Llyn Fawr www geograph co uk photos of Llyn Fawr and surrounding area Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Llyn Fawr amp oldid 1185333475, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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