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Lithuanian Scientific Society (United States)

January 01, 1970

For the society active in Lithuania in 1907–1940, see Lithuanian Scientific Society.

The Lithuanian Scientific Society (Lithuanian: Lietuvių mokslo draugystė or LMD) was a Lithuanian American society established by Jonas Šliūpas on 22 December 1889 in Baltimore, Maryland.[1] It was one of the first non-religious organizations among Lithuanian Americans and promoted Lithuanian language and culture as well as the Lithuanian national consciousness. The society published books and two magazines – monthly Apšvieta (Enlightenment, 1892–1893) and weekly Nauja gadynė (The New Era, 1894–1896). It was chaired by Jonas Šliūpas (1889–1891) and Ignas Bubelis (1892–1896) and was active until 1896.[2] It was replaced by the Association of Lithuanian Patriots (Tėvynės mylėtojų draugija) established by Tamošius Astramskas and active until at least 1970s.[3]

Activities edit

The society was established on 22 December 1889 in Baltimore, Maryland. Ten people signed as co-founders of the society. Its first board members were chairman Jonas Šliūpas, vice-chairman Ignas Bubelis, secretary Simas Vencius, treasurer Jonas Stočkus, and librarian Marcijonas Radavičius.[4] The society was initially supported by the Catholic priests and activists, as well as by the Lithuanian weekly Vienybė lietuvninkų.[4]

In 1891–1892, the society had about 100–120 members who paid membership fees of $1 (equivalent to $34 in 2023) per month. Due to complains that it was too high, the fee was later cut in half.[1] LMD also had local chapters. The first chapter was organized by priest Aleksandras Burba [lt] in Plymouth, PA in February 1891. Other chapters were located in Shenandoah, PA, Pittston, PA, Mahanoy Plane, PA, and Philadelphia – the coal mining towns were home of large populations of Lithuanian immigrants.[1] In 1892, chapters were established in Marinette, WI, Mount Carmel, PA, Chicago.[5]

LMD organized various events – monthly meetings, lectures (for example, about historian Simonas Daukantas, bishop Motiejus Valančius, linguist Georg Sauerwein, philosopher Voltaire;[2] Šliūpas held 31 two-hour lectures on earth and universe, geography, biology, evolution in 1889–1890),[6] protests against Russian Tsarist repressions in Lithuania in 1891 (three events held in May in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Pittston)[5] and 1894 (in response to the Kražiai massacre).[2] LMD chapters also organized small local libraries of Lithuanians publications.[1] The society held three congresses.[2] One of the congresses was held on 24 November 1891 in Plymouth.[5]

However, as the society spread anti-religious and freethinking ideas, it drew strong opposition from Catholic priests and activists. Thus the society began splintering and closed in April 1896.[7]

Publications edit

LMD published several Lithuanian books, two periodicals as well as two annual reports in 1891 and 1892.[2] It also published and distributed postcards with the image of Grand Duke Vytautas.[5] Since printing was cheaper in Germany, many publications were printed by Martynas Jankus in East Prussia.[1] Its first two books were Lietuviškieji raštai ir raštininkai (Lithuanian Writings and Writers) by Jonas Šliūpas and Apie senovės Lietuvos pilis (About Ancient Castles of Lithuania) by Jonas Basanavičius.[2] Bestiality of the Russian Czardom toward Lithuania (1891) by Šliūpas and Burba was the second English-language booklet about Lithuania written by the immigrant community. Out of 5,000 copies, about 1,000 were sold immediately.[8]

The society published magazines Apšvieta (Enlightenment, 1892–1893) and Nauja gadynė (The New Era, 1894–1896).[2] Apšvieta was the first Lithuanian magazine devoted solely to culture and education.[1] It was published monthly (in total, 15 issues) by Otto von Mauderode in Tilsit and Martynas Jankus in Bitėnai.[4] Its content was varied – Lithuanian topics, biographies, popular science, free thinking, criticism of religion, book reviews.[4] However, it was not very popular due to Šliūpas' anti-religious and pro-socialist views.[1] Nauja gadynė was published weekly (in total, 89 issues) and it was clearly a socialist publication that promoted proletarian internationalism instead of Lithuanian nationalism. The magazine published original and translated (e.g. by French Marxist Paul Lafargue) articles. Its official editor until August 1895 was Antanas Bacevičius, Šliūpas' brother-in-law, but if fact it was edited by Šliūpas.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Jakštas, Juozas (1979). Dr. Jonas Šliūpas (in Lithuanian). Chicago: Akademinės skautijos leidykla. pp. 111, 134–140, 159–161. OCLC 5223546.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Lietuvių mokslo draugystė". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. 30 June 2008.
  3. ^ Puzinas, Jonas (April 1974). "Dr. Jonas Basanavičius — Lietuvių mokslo draugijos steigėjas ir ugdytojas". Aidai (in Lithuanian). 4 (309–324).
  4. ^ a b c d Kučas, Antanas, ed. (1971). Amerikos lietuvių istorija (in Lithuanian). Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 115–116, 148. LCCN 77-146255.
  5. ^ a b c d Šimkus, Morkus (March 1959). "Į praeitį pažvelgus" (PDF). Karys (in Lithuanian). 3 (1350): 66–67. ISSN 0022-9199.
  6. ^ Misiūnas, Remigijus (2017). "JAV lietuvių švietimo, savišvietos ir skaitymo klausimai išeivijos periodikoje (iki 1904 m.)". Knygotyra (in Lithuanian). 69 (69): 56. doi:10.15388/Knygotyra.2017.69.10941. ISSN 2345-0053.
  7. ^ Skirius, Juozas (Fall 2022). "Homeland Lovers Association in 1896−1904: Formation of the Organization and Issuance of Lithuanian Books (1)". Lituanus. 3 (68): 9. ISSN 0024-5089.
  8. ^ Misiūnas, Remigijus (2016). "Lietuvių išeivių leidyba Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. viduryje: adresato problema". Knygotyra (in Lithuanian). 67 (67): 40. doi:10.15388/Knygotyra.2016.67.10175. ISSN 2345-0053.

External links edit

  • Full-text archive of Apšvieta (in Lithuanian)
  • Full-text archive of Nauja gadynė (in Lithuanian)

January 01, 1970
lithuanian, scientific, society, united, states, society, active, lithuania, 1907, 1940, lithuanian, scientific, society, lithuanian, scientific, society, lithuanian, lietuvių, mokslo, draugystė, lithuanian, american, society, established, jonas, Šliūpas, dece. For the society active in Lithuania in 1907 1940 see Lithuanian Scientific Society The Lithuanian Scientific Society Lithuanian Lietuviu mokslo draugyste or LMD was a Lithuanian American society established by Jonas Sliupas on 22 December 1889 in Baltimore Maryland 1 It was one of the first non religious organizations among Lithuanian Americans and promoted Lithuanian language and culture as well as the Lithuanian national consciousness The society published books and two magazines monthly Apsvieta Enlightenment 1892 1893 and weekly Nauja gadyne The New Era 1894 1896 It was chaired by Jonas Sliupas 1889 1891 and Ignas Bubelis 1892 1896 and was active until 1896 2 It was replaced by the Association of Lithuanian Patriots Tevynes myletoju draugija established by Tamosius Astramskas and active until at least 1970s 3 Contents 1 Activities 2 Publications 3 References 4 External linksActivities editThe society was established on 22 December 1889 in Baltimore Maryland Ten people signed as co founders of the society Its first board members were chairman Jonas Sliupas vice chairman Ignas Bubelis secretary Simas Vencius treasurer Jonas Stockus and librarian Marcijonas Radavicius 4 The society was initially supported by the Catholic priests and activists as well as by the Lithuanian weekly Vienybe lietuvninku 4 In 1891 1892 the society had about 100 120 members who paid membership fees of 1 equivalent to 34 in 2023 per month Due to complains that it was too high the fee was later cut in half 1 LMD also had local chapters The first chapter was organized by priest Aleksandras Burba lt in Plymouth PA in February 1891 Other chapters were located in Shenandoah PA Pittston PA Mahanoy Plane PA and Philadelphia the coal mining towns were home of large populations of Lithuanian immigrants 1 In 1892 chapters were established in Marinette WI Mount Carmel PA Chicago 5 LMD organized various events monthly meetings lectures for example about historian Simonas Daukantas bishop Motiejus Valancius linguist Georg Sauerwein philosopher Voltaire 2 Sliupas held 31 two hour lectures on earth and universe geography biology evolution in 1889 1890 6 protests against Russian Tsarist repressions in Lithuania in 1891 three events held in May in Baltimore Philadelphia and Pittston 5 and 1894 in response to the Kraziai massacre 2 LMD chapters also organized small local libraries of Lithuanians publications 1 The society held three congresses 2 One of the congresses was held on 24 November 1891 in Plymouth 5 However as the society spread anti religious and freethinking ideas it drew strong opposition from Catholic priests and activists Thus the society began splintering and closed in April 1896 7 Publications editLMD published several Lithuanian books two periodicals as well as two annual reports in 1891 and 1892 2 It also published and distributed postcards with the image of Grand Duke Vytautas 5 Since printing was cheaper in Germany many publications were printed by Martynas Jankus in East Prussia 1 Its first two books were Lietuviskieji rastai ir rastininkai Lithuanian Writings and Writers by Jonas Sliupas and Apie senoves Lietuvos pilis About Ancient Castles of Lithuania by Jonas Basanavicius 2 Bestiality of the Russian Czardom toward Lithuania 1891 by Sliupas and Burba was the second English language booklet about Lithuania written by the immigrant community Out of 5 000 copies about 1 000 were sold immediately 8 The society published magazines Apsvieta Enlightenment 1892 1893 and Nauja gadyne The New Era 1894 1896 2 Apsvieta was the first Lithuanian magazine devoted solely to culture and education 1 It was published monthly in total 15 issues by Otto von Mauderode in Tilsit and Martynas Jankus in Bitenai 4 Its content was varied Lithuanian topics biographies popular science free thinking criticism of religion book reviews 4 However it was not very popular due to Sliupas anti religious and pro socialist views 1 Nauja gadyne was published weekly in total 89 issues and it was clearly a socialist publication that promoted proletarian internationalism instead of Lithuanian nationalism The magazine published original and translated e g by French Marxist Paul Lafargue articles Its official editor until August 1895 was Antanas Bacevicius Sliupas brother in law but if fact it was edited by Sliupas 1 References edit a b c d e f g h Jakstas Juozas 1979 Dr Jonas Sliupas in Lithuanian Chicago Akademines skautijos leidykla pp 111 134 140 159 161 OCLC 5223546 a b c d e f g Lietuviu mokslo draugyste Visuotine lietuviu enciklopedija in Lithuanian Mokslo ir enciklopediju leidybos centras 30 June 2008 Puzinas Jonas April 1974 Dr Jonas Basanavicius Lietuviu mokslo draugijos steigejas ir ugdytojas Aidai in Lithuanian 4 309 324 a b c d Kucas Antanas ed 1971 Amerikos lietuviu istorija in Lithuanian Boston Lietuviu enciklopedijos leidykla pp 115 116 148 LCCN 77 146255 a b c d Simkus Morkus March 1959 Į praeitį pazvelgus PDF Karys in Lithuanian 3 1350 66 67 ISSN 0022 9199 Misiunas Remigijus 2017 JAV lietuviu svietimo savisvietos ir skaitymo klausimai iseivijos periodikoje iki 1904 m Knygotyra in Lithuanian 69 69 56 doi 10 15388 Knygotyra 2017 69 10941 ISSN 2345 0053 Skirius Juozas Fall 2022 Homeland Lovers Association in 1896 1904 Formation of the Organization and Issuance of Lithuanian Books 1 Lituanus 3 68 9 ISSN 0024 5089 Misiunas Remigijus 2016 Lietuviu iseiviu leidyba Jungtinese Amerikos Valstijose XIX a pabaigoje XX a viduryje adresato problema Knygotyra in Lithuanian 67 67 40 doi 10 15388 Knygotyra 2016 67 10175 ISSN 2345 0053 External links editFull text archive of Apsvieta in Lithuanian Full text archive of Nauja gadyne in Lithuanian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lithuanian Scientific Society United States amp oldid 1150235492, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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