Wikipedia
List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones
An off-season Australian tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that existed in the Australian Region, between 90°E and 160°E, outside of the official season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between 1 November and 30 April, of the following year, which is when the majority of all tropical cyclones exist. During the off-season, systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2022, there have been 94 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season.
Off-season cyclones are most likely to occur in the Coral Sea, with most affecting land in some way. Cumulatively, at least 4 deaths occurred due to the storms, the most recent off-season storm was a Tropical Cyclone 01U in July 2022.
Systems edit
The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Météo-France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.
| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Unnamed | 4 – 8 May 1898 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Unnamed | 7 – 10 July 1904 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | New South Wales | None | None | [1] |
| Unnamed | 25 April – 2 May 1908 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Western Australia, Tasmania | None | None | [2] |
| Unnamed | 27 April – 2 May 1908 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Indonesia | None | None | [3] |
| Unnamed | 11–16 July 1912 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland, New Zealand | None | None | [4] |
| Unnamed | 14–20 May 1919 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | New Zealand | None | None | [5] |
| Unnamed | 1–2 July 1921 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [6] |
| Unnamed | 20–28 July 1921 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland, New Zealand | None | None | [7] |
| Unnamed | 1–6 October 1921 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland, New Zealand | None | None | [8] |
| Unnamed | 1–7 June 1925 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [9] |
| Unnamed | 1–6 May 1926 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [10] |
| 05U | 15–20 May 1926 | Not specified | Not specified | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [11][12] |
| Unnamed | 1–4 June 1929 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [13] |
| 09U | 13–17 June 1929 | Not specified | Not specified | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| Unnamed | 1–4 July 1932 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [14] |
| Unnamed | 1–4 July 1934 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [15] |
| 06U | 24–27 May 1935 | Not specified | Not specified | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [11][16] |
| Unnamed | 30 August – 3 September 1935 | Not specified | Not specified | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [17] |
| 03U | 28–30 May 1941 | Not specified | Not specified | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [11] |
| 09U | 29 April – 1 May 1948 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [11] |
| 01U | 26–28 October 1952 | Not specified | Not specified | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [11][18] |
| 20U | 30 April – 1 May 1956 | Not specified | Not specified | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| 01U | 29–30 August 1956 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [11] |
| 02U | 26 October – 1 November 1956 | Not specified | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| 32P | 4–15 June 1958 | Not specified | Not specified | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia New Zealand | None | None | [19] |
| 18U | 4–12 June 1958 | Not specified | Not specified | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [20] |
| 33P | 19–22 June 1958 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [21] |
| 24P | 24–29 May 1960 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [22] |
| 15U | 15–21 July 1960 | Not specified | Not specified | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| 49P | 3–9 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Solomon Islands, Queensland | None | None | [23] |
| 32U | 2–9 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Queensland | None | None | [11][24] |
| 33U | 6–13 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| 34U | 7–8 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [11] |
| 35U | 7–14 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu New Caledonia | None | None | [11][25] |
| 53P | 10–12 May 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | New Caledonia | None | None | [26] |
| 37U | 22–25 June 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | New Caledonia | None | None | [11][27] |
| 38U | 23 June – 4 July 1963 | Not specified | Not specified | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | New Caledonia | None | None | [11][28] |
| Esther | 26 April – 2 May 1969 | Not specified | Not specified | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | None | None | [29] |
| Lulu | 4–9 May 1970 | Unknown | Unknown | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [30] |
| 32P | 22–23 June 1970 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [31] |
| Hannah | 7–11 May 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea | None | None | [32] |
| Ida | 30 May – 1 June 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | [33] | ||
| Marcelle | 29 April – 9 May 1973 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | South-Western Australia | None | None | [34] |
| 02P | 8–14 July 1973 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | [35] |
| Marcia | 17–25 October 1974 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Cocos Island | None | None | [36] |
| Unnamed | 17–19 October 1974 | Tropical depression | Not specified | Not Specified | None | None | None | [36] |
| Norah | 28 October – 4 November 1974 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Christmas Island, Cocos Island | None | None | [37] |
| Denise | 19–25 May 1975 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Cocos Island | Minor | None | [38] |
| Carol | 3–9 May 1976 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [39] |
| Verna | 28 April – 3 May 1977 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Northern Territory | None | None | [40] |
| Kevin | 2–12 May 1979 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [41][42] |
| Paddy | 25–30 May 1981 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [43] |
| Alex | 19–27 October 1981 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [44] |
| Claudia | 13–18 May 1982 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Solomon Islands | None | None | [45][46] |
| Naomi | 21 April – 2 May 1983 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [47] |
| Oscar | 22 October – 1 November 1983 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [48] |
| Billy – Lila | 5–12 May 1986 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [49][50] |
| Namu | 15–22 May 1986 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia | $20 million | 63-150 | [51] |
| Meena | 1–10 May 1989 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula | None | None | [52][53] |
| Ernie | 9 – 13 May 1989 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea | Unknown | Unknown | [54][55] |
| 02S | 14–16 July 1989 | Tropical cyclone | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [56][57] |
| Lisa | 7–11 May 1991 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | None | None | [58][59] |
| Adel | 11 – 16 May | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | Minimal | 3 | [60][61] |
| Willy | 26 April – 1 May 1994 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Cocos Islands | None | None | [62][63] |
| Jenna | 1 – 6 May 1996 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Unnamed | 30 April – 5 May 1996 | Tropical low | 85 km/h (50 mph) | Not specified | Queensland | None | None | |
| Rhonda | 10–16 May 1997 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Cocos Island, Western Australia | None | None | [64][65] |
| Lindsay | 9 – 13 July 1996 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [66] |
| Melanie – Bellamine | 28 October – 1 November 1997 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [67] |
| Zelia | 7–10 October 1998 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [68] |
| 26F | 20–27 May 1999 | Tropical depression | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Queensland, New Zealand | [69][70] | ||
| 20F | 26 April – 2 May 2000 | Tropical depression | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Queensland | [71][72][73] | ||
| 21F | 28 April – 2 May 2000 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Queensland | [71][72][73] | ||
| Alex – Andre | 26–31 October 2001 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [74] |
| Errol | 8–14 May 2002 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [75] |
| Upia | 21 – 29 May 2002 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Budelun Island | Unknown | Unknown | [76][citation needed] |
| Epi | 5 – 6 June 2003 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | Unknown | Unknown | [77] |
| Phoebe | 1 – 5 September 2004 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [78] |
| Pierre | 15 – 23 May 2007 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea Torres Straits | Unknown | Unknown | [79] |
| 01U/01S | 26 July – 1 August 2007 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [80] |
| Kirrily | 18 April – 1 May 2009 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Indonesia | Unknown | Unknown | [81] |
| 24U | 10 – 18 May 2009 | Tropical low | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Anggrek | 28 October – 4 November 2010 | Tropical low | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | None | None | [nb 1][82] |
| 19S | 7 – 14 May 2012 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Indonesia, East Timor | None | None | |
| 21P | 27 – 30 June 2012 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | N/A | None | [83] |
| Zane | 27 April – 1 May 2013 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Queensland | None | None | [11] |
| Quang | 27 April – 1 May 2015 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | [84] |
| Raquel | 30 June – 5 July 2015 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Solomon Islands | Significant | 1 | [85][86][87] |
| Frances | 21 April – 1 May 2017 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Indonesia East Timor | None | None | [88] |
| Greg | 29 April – 1 May 2017 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [89] |
| Lili | 4 – 11 May 2019 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Eastern Indonesia, East Timor, Top End | Unknown | Unknown | [90] |
| Ann | 9 – 18 May 2019 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Queensland | None | None | [91] |
| TD | 3 – 9 May 2020 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands | None | None | |
| Mangga | 19 - 23 May 2020 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed] |
| TL | 31 May 2021 – 4 June 2021 | Tropical low | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | |
| Karim | 7 – 11 May 2022 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | None | None | None | [92] |
| TL | 28 – 31 May 2022 | Tropical low | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Christmas Island, Western Australia | None | None | |
| 01U | 26 – 31 July 2022 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cocos Islands | None | None | [93] |
Systems by month edit
| Month | Number of cyclones |
|---|---|
| April[nb 2] | 15 |
| May | 36 |
| June | 12 |
| July | 12 |
| August | 2 |
| September | 2 |
| October | 12 |
See also edit
- List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes
- List of off-season Pacific hurricanes
- List of off-season South Pacific tropical cyclones
- List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones
Notes edit
- ^ Anggrek was declassified as a tropical cyclone during the post storm analysis by the BoM, as gale force winds never extended more than halfway around the system centre.[82]
- ^ The April statistic only show those systems that formed during the month and either dissipated on 30 April, or persisted into the off-season.
References edit
- ^ "1904 Not Named (1904190S33142)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ 1908 MISSING (1908117S14124) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1908 MISSING (1908119S05134) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1913 Missing (1912194S18135) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1919 MISSING (1919135S21155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1922 MISSING (1921182S24151) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
- ^ 1922 MISSING (1921202S16158) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1922 MISSING (1921275S28156) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1925 MISSING (1925153S19152) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1926 MISSING (1926122S21154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- ^ 1926 MISSING (1926136S22154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1929 MISSING (1929153S26157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1932 MISSING (1931183S32155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1935 MISSING (1934183S20157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1935 MISSING (1935145S15154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1935 MISSING (1934242S21157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1953 MISSING (1952301S15150) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1958 32P (1958155S11161) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1958 33P (1958170S28155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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- ^ 1960 24P (1960146S17153) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ 1963 49P:HSK3663 (1963123S13163) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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- ^ 1963 54P (1963173S16155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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- ^ "JTWC best track analysis: Tropical Cyclone 21P". United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Paterson, Linda A (October 2015). Severe Tropical Cyclone Quang (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Raquel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
- ^ "2015 Tropical Cyclone Raquel (2015180S04163)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
- ^ "Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report" (PDF). 13 January 2016: 48. (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Courtney, Joseph B; Lynch, Billy (28 March 2023). Severe Tropical Cyclone Frances (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ Earl-Spurr, Craig (27 September 2022). Tropical Cyclone Greg (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ Courtney, Joseph B (5 April 2023). Tropical Cyclone Lili (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ Courtney, Joseph B (3 April 2023). Tropical Cyclone Ann (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (24 June 2022). Tropical Cyclone Karim (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
- ^ Courtney, Joseph B; Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (August 2022). Unnamed Tropical Cyclone 01U (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
External links edit
- World Meteorological Organization
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- Fiji Meteorological Service
- New Zealand MetService
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center