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List of popes who died violently

November 12, 2023

A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I)[1] to war (Lucius II),[2] to a beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found.

Martyr popes edit

 
In tradition, the first pope, Saint Peter, was crucified upside-down.

Murdered popes edit

  • John VIII (872–882), allegedly poisoned and then clubbed to death[10]
  • Stephen VI (896–897), strangled[11]
  • Leo V (903), allegedly strangled[12]
  • John X (914–928), allegedly smothered with a pillow[13]
  • John XII (955–964), allegedly murdered by the jealous husband of the woman with whom he was in bed[14]
  • Benedict VI (973–974), strangled[15]
  • John XIV (983–984), died either by starvation, ill-treatment or direct murder[16]

Dubious edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Jacobus de Voragine; William Granger Ryan (1993). The golden legend: readings on the saints. Princeton University Press. p. 39. ISBN 9780691001548.
  2. ^ Foul Play Suspected in Popes Death? Baltimore Afro-American - October 10, 1978
  3. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911), "St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles", Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 11, New York: Robert Appleton Company, retrieved 2013-06-03
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac I Sommi Pontifici Romani[full citation needed]
  5. ^ a b c d Liber Pontificalis[full citation needed]
  6. ^ Annuario Pontificio[full citation needed]
  7. ^ Alexis-François Artaud de Montor (1911). The lives and times of the popes : including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era. p. 21. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019 – via archive.org. Quote: "Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts; Evaristus died under the hands of executioners, more cruel than the wild beasts themselves."
  8. ^ First pope listed as a martyr by Irenaeus' Against Heresies
  9. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St. Eusebius
  10. ^ Mann, H. (1910). Pope John VIII. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved February 14, 2010 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08423c.htm
  11. ^ Pope Stephen (VI) VII New Advent.org
  12. ^ Pope Leo V NewAdvent.org
  13. ^ Pope John X NewAdvent.org
  14. ^ Mann, Horace K. (1910). The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. IV: The Popes in the Days of Feudal Anarchy, 891–999. p. 264
  15. ^ Pope Benedict VI New Advent.org
  16. ^ Pope John XIV NewAdvent.org
  17. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911), "Pope St. Hyginus", Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York: Robert Appleton Company, retrieved 2013-06-03
  18. ^ Butler, Alban (1866). "July 11: St. Pius I., Pope and Martyr". The Lives of the Saints. Vol. 7. Dublin: James Duffy. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
  19. ^ "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 129
  20. ^ Pope Clement II NewAdvent.org
  21. ^ Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1906) History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages vol. 5 part 2
  22. ^ Pope Boniface VIII NewAdvent.org

November 12, 2023
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A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom Pope Stephen I 1 to war Lucius II 2 to a beating by a jealous husband Pope John XII A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder but for which definitive evidence has not been found Contents 1 Martyr popes 2 Murdered popes 3 Dubious 4 See also 4 1 Lists 4 2 Related topics 5 ReferencesMartyr popes editThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items June 2013 nbsp In tradition the first pope Saint Peter was crucified upside down Saint Peter c 67 traditionally martyred by upside down crucifixion 3 Pope Linus Saint c 67 c 76 4 5 Pope Anacletus or Cletus Saint c 79 c 92 6 4 Pope Clement I Saint c 92 c 99 thrown into sea with anchor around his neck 4 Pope Evaristus c 99 c 108 4 5 not listed in the Roman Martyrology but executed 7 Pope Sixtus I Saint c 119 c 128 4 5 Pope Telesphorus Saint c 128 c 138 4 8 Pope Anicetus Saint 155 166 traditionally martyred 4 Pope Soter Saint 166 175 died a martyr 4 Pope Eleuterus Saint 175 189 died a martyr 4 Pope Victor I Saint 189 199 died a martyr 4 Pope Calixtus I Saint 217 222 died a martyr 4 Pope Urban I Saint 222 230 died a martyr 4 Pope Pontian Saint 230 235 condemned to mines in Sardinia and died on island of Tavolara 4 Pope Anterus Saint elected 21 November 235 martyred at hands of Emperor Maximus 4 Pope Fabian Saint elected 10 January 236 and died a martyr during persecution and decapitated by Decius 4 Pope Cornelius Saint elected March 251 and died a martyr June 253 4 Pope Lucius I Saint elected 25 June 253 and martyred 5 March 254 4 Pope Stephen I Saint elected 12 May 254 and martyred 2 August 257 4 1 Pope Sixtus II Saint elected 30 August 257 and martyred 6 August 258 4 Pope Dionysius Saint elected 22 July 259 after year of persecutions and died 26 December 268 martyred 4 Pope Felix I Saint elected 5 January 269 and died 30 December 274 martyred 4 Pope Eutychian Saint elected 4 January 275 and martyred 7 December 283 4 Pope Caius Saint elected 17 December 283 and martyred 22 April 296 but not at hands of his uncle Diocletian 4 Pope Marcellinus Saint elected 30 June 296 and martyred 25 October 10 during persecution of Diocletian 4 Pope Marcellus I Saint elected 27 May 308 after 4 year vacancy and martyred 16 January 309 4 Pope Eusebius Saint elected 18 April 309 and martyred in Sicily 17 August 309 4 9 Pope John I Saint elected 13 August 523 during the Ostrogothic occupation of the Italian peninsula Was sent as an envoy by Ostrogoth king Theodoric the Great to Constantinople Upon return Theodoric accused John I of conspiracy with the Byzantine empire Imprisoned and starved to death on 18 May 526 4 Pope Martin I Saint Elected in 649 Died in exile 16 September 655 Murdered popes editJohn VIII 872 882 allegedly poisoned and then clubbed to death 10 Stephen VI 896 897 strangled 11 Leo V 903 allegedly strangled 12 John X 914 928 allegedly smothered with a pillow 13 John XII 955 964 allegedly murdered by the jealous husband of the woman with whom he was in bed 14 Benedict VI 973 974 strangled 15 John XIV 983 984 died either by starvation ill treatment or direct murder 16 Dubious editPope Alexander I Saint c 106 c 119 4 5 recognition as the martyred Saint Alexander feast day May 3 rescinded in 1960 Pope Hyginus Saint c 138 c 142 4 martyrdom 17 Pope Pius I Saint c 142 c 154 martyred by the sword according to old sources 18 Claim of martyrdom removed from the 1969 General Roman Calendar after recent revisions 19 Clement II 1046 1047 allegedly poisoned 20 Celestine V 1294 1296 allegedly murdered while in post abdication captivity Allegations blame his successor Pope Boniface VIII 21 Boniface VIII 1294 1303 Was in conflict with Philip IV of France and allegedly though unlikely died from the effects of ill treatment one month before 22 See also editThis section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article s subject Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing indiscriminate details Non important content should likely be moved to another article or removed April 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Lists edit List of canonised popes List of popes List of popes by length of reign List of popes from the Borgia family List of popes from the Conti family List of popes from the Medici family List of popes sorted alphabetically List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State Related topics edit Annuario Pontificio Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II History of the papacy Index of Vatican City related articles Legends surrounding the papacy Liber Pontificalis Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories Prophecy of the Popes Portals nbsp Catholic Church nbsp ChristianityReferences edit a b Jacobus de Voragine William Granger Ryan 1993 The golden legend readings on the saints Princeton University Press p 39 ISBN 9780691001548 Foul Play Suspected in Popes Death Baltimore Afro American October 10 1978 Kirsch Johann Peter 1911 St Peter Prince of the Apostles Catholic Encyclopedia vol 11 New York Robert Appleton Company retrieved 2013 06 03 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac I Sommi Pontifici Romani full citation needed a b c d Liber Pontificalis full citation needed Annuario Pontificio full citation needed Alexis Francois Artaud de Montor 1911 The lives and times of the popes including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era p 21 Archived from the original on October 15 2019 via archive org Quote Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts Evaristus died under the hands of executioners more cruel than the wild beasts themselves First pope listed as a martyr by Irenaeus Against Heresies Catholic Encyclopedia Pope St Eusebius Mann H 1910 Pope John VIII In The Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Retrieved February 14 2010 from New Advent http www newadvent org cathen 08423c htm Pope Stephen VI VII New Advent org Pope Leo V NewAdvent org Pope John X NewAdvent org Mann Horace K 1910 The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages Vol IV The Popes in the Days of Feudal Anarchy 891 999 p 264 Pope Benedict VI New Advent org Pope John XIV NewAdvent org Kirsch Johann Peter 1911 Pope St Hyginus Catholic Encyclopedia vol 7 New York Robert Appleton Company retrieved 2013 06 03 Butler Alban 1866 July 11 St Pius I Pope and Martyr The Lives of the Saints Vol 7 Dublin James Duffy Retrieved 2013 06 03 Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969 p 129 Pope Clement II NewAdvent org Gregorovius Ferdinand 1906 History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages vol 5 part 2 Pope Boniface VIII NewAdvent org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of popes who died violently amp oldid 1178356075, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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