This is a list of monarchs of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koningen der Nederlanden). By practical extension, the list includes the stadtholders of the House of Orange Nassau since 1556. However, they were voted into office by, and were civil servants and generals of, the semi-independent provinces of the Dutch Republic and cannot be seen as monarchs. From William IV they were the direct male line ancestors of later monarchs when the monarchy was established in 1813 (first as a Sovereign Principality, but in 1815 as a Kingdom).
The origin of the Dutch monarchy can be traced back to the appointment of William I, Prince of Orange as stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht in 1559 by Philip II of Spain. However, he was removed from office and became the leader of the Dutch Revolt. Consequently, the States-General appointed him as stadtholder of both rebelling provinces, Holland and Zeeland, in 1572. During the Dutch Revolt, most of the Dutch provinces declared their independence with the Act of Abjuration, signed on 26 July 1581 in The Hague in conformation with the decision made by the States-General. The representative function of the stadtholder became obsolete in the rebellious northern Netherlands – the feudal Lord himself having been abolished – but the office nevertheless continued in these provinces who now united themselves into the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. All stadtholders after William I were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother, who were also the descendants of his granddaughter Albertina Agnes of Nassau-Orange.
In 1795 the Republic was overthrown by the French Republic and replaced with the Batavian Republic. In 1806 Napoleon abolished the new republic and made his brother King of Holland. However, in 1810 Napoleon invaded the Netherlands and annexed them to France. In 1813, Allied forces drove out the French. The Dutch called back William Frederick, the son of the last stadtholder, to head the new government. He was proclaimed "sovereign prince". In 1815, he raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself King William I. The kingdom was enlarged with the Southern Netherlands, now Belgium and Luxembourg, soon after.
Stadtholderate under the House of Orange-Nassauedit
^Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland (1585–1625), Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel (1590–1625), Groningen (1620–1625)
^Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel (1620–1625), Groningen and Drenthe (1640–1647)
^Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel
^Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (1672–1702), Guelders (1675–1702), Drenthe (1696–1702)
^Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1711–1747), Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (April/May 1747 – November 1747), Stadtholder of Groningen (1718–1747), Guelders and Drenthe (1722–1747), was formally voted the first Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Provinces (1747–1751)
^Stadtholder of Friesland (1584–1620), Groningen (1594–1620) and Drenthe (1596–1620)
^Stadtholder of Friesland (1620–1632), Groningen and Drenthe (1625–1632)
^Stadtholder of Friesland (1632–1640), Groningen and Drenthe (1632–1640)
^Stadtholder of Friesland (1640–1664), Groningen and Drenthe (1650–1664)
^In 1675 the State of Friesland voted to make the Stadtholdership hereditary in the house of Nassau-Dietz
^Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1707–1711) and Groningen (1708–1711)
April 12, 2024
list, monarchs, netherlands, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of monarchs of the Netherlands news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2024 Learn how and when to remove this template message This is a list of monarchs of the Netherlands Dutch Koningen der Nederlanden By practical extension the list includes the stadtholders of the House of Orange Nassau since 1556 However they were voted into office by and were civil servants and generals of the semi independent provinces of the Dutch Republic and cannot be seen as monarchs From William IV they were the direct male line ancestors of later monarchs when the monarchy was established in 1813 first as a Sovereign Principality but in 1815 as a Kingdom Coat of arms of the Netherlands Contents 1 Dutch Republic 1581 1795 1 1 Stadtholderate under the House of Orange Nassau 1 2 Stadtholderate under the House of Nassau 2 Kingdom of Holland 1806 1810 3 Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands 1813 1815 4 Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815 present 5 See also 6 ReferencesDutch Republic 1581 1795 editFurther information List of stadtholders in the Netherlands See also List of Grand Pensionaries The origin of the Dutch monarchy can be traced back to the appointment of William I Prince of Orange as stadtholder of Holland Zeeland and Utrecht in 1559 by Philip II of Spain However he was removed from office and became the leader of the Dutch Revolt Consequently the States General appointed him as stadtholder of both rebelling provinces Holland and Zeeland in 1572 During the Dutch Revolt most of the Dutch provinces declared their independence with the Act of Abjuration signed on 26 July 1581 in The Hague in conformation with the decision made by the States General The representative function of the stadtholder became obsolete in the rebellious northern Netherlands the feudal Lord himself having been abolished but the office nevertheless continued in these provinces who now united themselves into the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands All stadtholders after William I were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother who were also the descendants of his granddaughter Albertina Agnes of Nassau Orange In 1795 the Republic was overthrown by the French Republic and replaced with the Batavian Republic In 1806 Napoleon abolished the new republic and made his brother King of Holland However in 1810 Napoleon invaded the Netherlands and annexed them to France In 1813 Allied forces drove out the French The Dutch called back William Frederick the son of the last stadtholder to head the new government He was proclaimed sovereign prince In 1815 he raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself King William I The kingdom was enlarged with the Southern Netherlands now Belgium and Luxembourg soon after Stadtholderate under the House of Orange Nassau edit Further information List of stadtholders in the Netherlands NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageWilliam Ithe SilentWillem I 1533 04 24 24 April 1533 10 July 1584 1584 07 10 aged 51 26 July 158110 July 1584Stadtholder 1 son of William I Count of Nassau Siegen and Juliana of StolbergOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp MauriceMaurits 1567 11 14 14 November 1567 23 April 1625 1625 04 23 aged 57 14 November 1585 2 23 April 1625Stadtholder 3 son of William I and Anna of SaxonyOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp Frederick HenryFrederik Hendrik 1584 01 29 29 January 1584 14 March 1647 1647 03 14 aged 63 23 April 162514 March 1647Stadtholder 4 son of William I and Louise de ColignyOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William IIWillem II 1626 05 27 27 May 1626 6 November 1650 1650 11 06 aged 24 14 March 16476 November 1650Stadtholder 5 son of Frederick Henry and Amalia of Solms BraunfelsOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William IIIWillem III 1650 11 04 4 November 1650 8 March 1702 1702 03 08 aged 51 4 July 16728 March 1702Stadtholder 6 son of William II and Mary Princess Royal and Princess of Orange also King of England Scotland and IrelandOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William IVWillem IV 1711 09 01 1 September 1711 22 October 1751 1751 10 22 aged 40 4 May 174722 October 1751First formally hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands 7 son of John William Friso and Marie Louise of Hesse KasselOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William VWillem V 1748 03 08 8 March 1748 9 April 1806 1806 04 09 aged 58 22 October 175119 January 1795Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands son of William IV and Anne Princess Royal and Princess of Orange deposed by the Batavian RevolutionOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp When William III died childless the patrilineal ancestry of Orange Nassau became extinct In contrast to other provinces of the Dutch Republic Friesland Groningen and Drenthe had mostly drawn its stadtholders from the House of Nassau that starting with John VI the brother of William of Orange and comprises in addition a matrilineal ancestry with the house of Orange Nassau Stadtholderate under the House of Nassau edit Further information List of stadtholders in the Netherlands NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageJohn VIthe ElderJan VI 1536 11 22 22 November 1536 8 October 1606 1606 10 08 aged 69 15781581Stadtholder 8 son of William I Count of Nassau Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg brother of William INassau nbsp nbsp William LouisOur FatherWillem Lodewijk 1560 03 13 13 March 1560 31 May 1620 1620 05 31 aged 60 15841620Stadtholder 9 son of John VI and Countess Elisabeth of LeuchtenbergNassau nbsp nbsp Ernest Casimir IErnst Casimir I 1573 12 22 22 December 1573 2 June 1632 1632 06 02 aged 58 16201632Stadtholder 10 son of John VI and Countess Elisabeth of LeuchtenbergNassau nbsp nbsp Henry Casimir IHendrik Casimir I 1612 01 21 21 January 1612 13 July 1640 1640 07 13 aged 28 16321640Stadtholder 11 son of Ernest Casimir I and Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick LuneburgNassau nbsp nbsp William FrederickWillem Frederik 1613 08 07 7 August 1613 31 October 1664 1664 10 31 aged 51 16401664Stadtholder 12 son of Ernest Casimir I and Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick LuneburgNassau nbsp nbsp Henry Casimir IIHendrik Casimir II 1657 01 18 18 January 1657 25 March 1696 1696 03 25 aged 39 18 January 166425 March 1696Hereditary Stadtholder 13 son of William Frederick and Albertine Agnes of Nassau maternal grandson of Frederick HenryNassau nbsp nbsp John William FrisoJohan Willem Friso 1687 08 04 4 August 1687 14 July 1711 1711 07 14 aged 23 25 March 169614 July 1711Hereditary Stadtholder 14 son of Henry Casimir II and Princess Henriette Amalia of Anhalt Dessau succeeded by his son William IV of Orange Nassau Hereditary Stadtholder of the United NetherlandsNassau nbsp nbsp Kingdom of Holland 1806 1810 editNameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageLouis Ithe GoodLodewijk I 1778 09 02 2 September 1778 25 July 1846 1846 07 25 aged 67 5 June 18061 July 1810Son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Bonaparte brother of NapoleonBonaparte nbsp nbsp Louis IILodewijk II 1804 10 11 11 October 1804 17 March 1831 1831 03 17 aged 26 1 July 18109 July 1810Son of Louis I and Hortense de BeauharnaisBonaparte nbsp nbsp Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands 1813 1815 editNameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageWilliam FrederickWillem Frederik 1772 08 24 24 August 1772 12 December 1843 1843 12 12 aged 71 6 December 181316 March 1815Son of the last Stadtholder William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia Princess of Orange raised the Netherlands to a Kingdom status in 1815Orange Nassau nbsp nbsp Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815 present editNameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageWilliam IWillem I 1772 08 24 24 August 1772 12 December 1843 1843 12 12 aged 71 16 March 18157 October 1840Son of the last Stadtholder William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia Princess of OrangeAbdicatedOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William IIWillem II 1792 12 06 6 December 1792 17 March 1849 1849 03 17 aged 56 7 October 184017 March 1849Son of William I and Wilhelmine of PrussiaOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William IIIWillem III 1817 02 19 19 February 1817 23 November 1890 1890 11 23 aged 73 17 March 184923 November 1890Son of William II and Anna Pavlovna of RussiaOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp Wilhelmina 1880 08 31 31 August 1880 28 November 1962 1962 11 28 aged 82 23 November 18904 September 1948Daughter of William III and Emma of Waldeck and PyrmontAbdicatedOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp Juliana 1909 04 30 30 April 1909 20 March 2004 2004 03 20 aged 94 4 September 194830 April 1980Daughter of Wilhelmina and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg SchwerinAbdicatedOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp Beatrix 1938 01 31 31 January 1938 age 86 30 April 198030 April 2013Daughter of Juliana and Prince Bernhard of Lippe BiesterfeldAbdicatedOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp William AlexanderWillem Alexander 1967 04 27 27 April 1967 age 56 30 April 2013IncumbentSon of Beatrix and Prince Claus Jonkheer van AmsbergOrange Nassau nbsp nbsp See also editStyle of the Dutch sovereign Regalia of the Netherlands Royal Standard of the Netherlands Line of succession to the Dutch throne List of heirs to the Dutch throne List of rulers of the Netherlands Inauguration of the Dutch monarch List of Dutch royal consortsReferences edit Stadtholder of Holland Zeeland and Utrecht 1559 1584 Stadtholder of Friesland and Overijssel 1580 1584 Maurits benoemd als stadhouder 1585 Europeana Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland 1585 1625 Utrecht Guelders and Overijssel 1590 1625 Groningen 1620 1625 Stadtholder of Holland Zeeland Utrecht Guelders and Overijssel 1620 1625 Groningen and Drenthe 1640 1647 Stadtholder of Holland Zeeland Utrecht Guelders Groningen Drenthe and Overijssel Stadtholder of Holland Zeeland Utrecht and Overijssel 1672 1702 Guelders 1675 1702 Drenthe 1696 1702 Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland 1711 1747 Holland Zeeland Utrecht and Overijssel April May 1747 November 1747 Stadtholder of Groningen 1718 1747 Guelders and Drenthe 1722 1747 was formally voted the first Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Provinces 1747 1751 Stadtholder of Guelders under Philip II architect of the Union of Utrecht Stadtholder of Friesland 1584 1620 Groningen 1594 1620 and Drenthe 1596 1620 Stadtholder of Friesland 1620 1632 Groningen and Drenthe 1625 1632 Stadtholder of Friesland 1632 1640 Groningen and Drenthe 1632 1640 Stadtholder of Friesland 1640 1664 Groningen and Drenthe 1650 1664 In 1675 the State of Friesland voted to make the Stadtholdership hereditary in the house of Nassau Dietz Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland 1707 1711 and Groningen 1708 1711 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of monarchs of the Netherlands amp oldid 1216595972, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
