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List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church

August 11, 2023

Only a few dozen cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have been excommunicated by the Catholic Church. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic priest, deacon, or bishop entitled to vote in a papal election. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals.

Excommunication—literally, the denial of communion—usually means that a person is barred from participating in the Sacraments or holding ecclesiastical office. Ne Romani (1311), promulgated by Pope Clement V during the Council of Vienne, extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit schisms.[1]

This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a pope or ecumenical council, rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated latae sententiae. For example, several precepts of papal election law prescribed automatic excommunication, such as Licet de vitanda of the Lateran Council which prohibited election by one-third, and Pope Pius X's Commissum Nobis, which made the exercise of the jus exclusivae by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.[2][3] It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by antipopes) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the red hat.

Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled (most often with the successor of their excommunicator) and had their offices restored. Some would later be elected pope; for example, Formosus and Sergius III.

9th century

 
Pope Formosus, who was posthumously exhumed and tried in the Cadaver Synod, had previously been excommunicated by his predecessor as pope; all the participants in the Cadaver Synod themselves were later excommunicated
Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Rodoaldo, bishop of Porto Leo IV 853 Nicholas I 864 Simony [4]
Anastasio il Bibliotecario Leo IV 847 Council of Rome
Council of Ravenna
Council of Rome 		December 6, 860
May 29, 853
December 8, 853 		Intrigue against the pope Reconciled with Nicholas I and Adrian II[4]
Formoso Nicholas I 861 John VIII 867 Various charges Reconciled with Marinus I; future Pope Formosus; re-excommunicated posthumously by the Cadaver Synod[4]
Sergio Stephen V ante 897 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod Later reconciled; future Pope Sergius III[4]
Benedetto Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
Martino Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
Pasquale Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
Leone Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]

11th century

 
Francisco de Borja died before learning of his excommunication.
Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Hugh of Remiremont Leo IX 1049 Gregory VII/Roman synod of Letran March 3, 1078 Simony Joined Antipope Clement III[5]
Richard Milhau Gregory VII Ante May 7, 1078 Victor III/Council of Benevento August 1087 Joined allegiance of Antipope Clement III [6]

12th century

Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Pietro Pierleoni Paschal II ca.1112 Innocent II/Council of Reims October 18, 1131 Election as Antipope Anacletus II [7]
Ottaviano de' Monticelli Innocent II 1138 Alexander III 1162 and 1163 Election as Antipope Victor IV [7]

13th century

Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Riccardo Innocent IV or Alexander IV Between 1252 and 1256 Alexander IV April 10, 1259 He participated in the coronation of Manfred Hohenstauf [8][9]
Giacomo Colonna Nicholas III March 12, 1278 Boniface VIII May 10, 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305[8]
Pietro Colonna Nicholas IV May 16, 1288 Boniface VIII May 10, 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305[8]

15th century

Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Louis Aleman Eugene IV Eugene IV December 11, 1440 Role in the Council of Basle Reconciled with Nicholas V[10]

16th century

 
Pope Julius II excommunicated all cardinals who participated in the Council of Pisa (1511).
Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Francisco de Borja Alexander VI September 28, 1500 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Cardinal-nephew; Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled[11]
Federico di Sanseverino Innocent VIII March 9, 1489 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
Bernardino López de Carvajal Alexander VI September 20, 1493 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
Guillaume Briçonnet Alexander VI January 16, 1495 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
René de Prie Julius II December 18, 1506 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
Odet_de_Coligny Clement VII 7 November 1533 Pius IV 31 March 1563 Apostasy (conversion to Calvinism) Never ordained. Died in exile in England, buried in Canterbury Cathedral

18th century

Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
Niccolò Coscia Benedict XIII June 11, 1725 Clement XII May 9, 1733 Financial irregularities Reconciled with Clement XII[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  2. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  3. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Miranda, S. 1998. "19th Century (795-900)". Florida International University.
  5. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "11th Century (999-1099)". Florida International University.
  6. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of 1078 (V)". Florida International University.
  7. ^ a b Miranda, S. 1998. "12th Century (1099-1198)". Florida International University.
  8. ^ a b c Miranda, S. 1998. "13th Century (1198-1303)". Florida International University.
  9. ^ Klaus Ganzer: Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter, Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen 1963, pp. 169-171 no. 86.
  10. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of December 19, 1449 (IV)". Florida International University.
  11. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)". Florida International University.
  12. ^ a b c d Miranda, S. 1998. "Conclaves of the 16th Century (1503-1592)". Florida International University.
  13. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "18th Century (1700-1799)". Florida International University.

August 11, 2023
list, cardinals, excommunicated, catholic, church, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, news, newspa. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2016 Only a few dozen cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have been excommunicated by the Catholic Church A cardinal is a Roman Catholic priest deacon or bishop entitled to vote in a papal election They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals Excommunication literally the denial of communion usually means that a person is barred from participating in the Sacraments or holding ecclesiastical office Ne Romani 1311 promulgated by Pope Clement V during the Council of Vienne extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit schisms 1 This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a pope or ecumenical council rather than those who depending on one s interpretation may have been excommunicated latae sententiae For example several precepts of papal election law prescribed automatic excommunication such as Licet de vitanda of the Lateran Council which prohibited election by one third and Pope Pius X s Commissum Nobis which made the exercise of the jus exclusivae by any cardinal punishable by excommunication 2 3 It also does not include excommunicated quasi cardinals cardinals elevated by antipopes or clerics excommunicated before receiving the red hat Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled most often with the successor of their excommunicator and had their offices restored Some would later be elected pope for example Formosus and Sergius III Contents 1 9th century 2 11th century 3 12th century 4 13th century 5 15th century 6 16th century 7 18th century 8 See also 9 References9th century Edit Pope Formosus who was posthumously exhumed and tried in the Cadaver Synod had previously been excommunicated by his predecessor as pope all the participants in the Cadaver Synod themselves were later excommunicatedCardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesRodoaldo bishop of Porto Leo IV 853 Nicholas I 864 Simony 4 Anastasio il Bibliotecario Leo IV 847 Council of RomeCouncil of RavennaCouncil of Rome December 6 860May 29 853December 8 853 Intrigue against the pope Reconciled with Nicholas I and Adrian II 4 Formoso Nicholas I 861 John VIII 867 Various charges Reconciled with Marinus I future Pope Formosus re excommunicated posthumously by the Cadaver Synod 4 Sergio Stephen V ante 897 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod Later reconciled future Pope Sergius III 4 Benedetto Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 Martino Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 Pasquale Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 Leone Formosus ante 896 John IX Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod 4 11th century Edit Francisco de Borja died before learning of his excommunication Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesHugh of Remiremont Leo IX 1049 Gregory VII Roman synod of Letran March 3 1078 Simony Joined Antipope Clement III 5 Richard Milhau Gregory VII Ante May 7 1078 Victor III Council of Benevento August 1087 Joined allegiance of Antipope Clement III 6 12th century EditCardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesPietro Pierleoni Paschal II ca 1112 Innocent II Council of Reims October 18 1131 Election as Antipope Anacletus II 7 Ottaviano de Monticelli Innocent II 1138 Alexander III 1162 and 1163 Election as Antipope Victor IV 7 13th century EditCardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesRiccardo Innocent IV or Alexander IV Between 1252 and 1256 Alexander IV April 10 1259 He participated in the coronation of Manfred Hohenstauf 8 9 Giacomo Colonna Nicholas III March 12 1278 Boniface VIII May 10 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI 1303 1304 and reinstated by Clement V on December 17 1305 8 Pietro Colonna Nicholas IV May 16 1288 Boniface VIII May 10 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI 1303 1304 and reinstated by Clement V on December 17 1305 8 15th century EditCardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesLouis Aleman Eugene IV Eugene IV December 11 1440 Role in the Council of Basle Reconciled with Nicholas V 10 16th century Edit Pope Julius II excommunicated all cardinals who participated in the Council of Pisa 1511 Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesFrancisco de Borja Alexander VI September 28 1500 Julius II October 24 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Cardinal nephew Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled 11 Federico di Sanseverino Innocent VIII March 9 1489 Julius II October 24 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X 12 Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal Alexander VI September 20 1493 Julius II October 24 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X 12 Guillaume Briconnet Alexander VI January 16 1495 Julius II October 24 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X 12 Rene de Prie Julius II December 18 1506 Julius II October 24 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X 12 Odet de Coligny Clement VII 7 November 1533 Pius IV 31 March 1563 Apostasy conversion to Calvinism Never ordained Died in exile in England buried in Canterbury Cathedral18th century EditCardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason NotesNiccolo Coscia Benedict XIII June 11 1725 Clement XII May 9 1733 Financial irregularities Reconciled with Clement XII 13 See also EditList of people excommunicated by the Roman Catholic ChurchReferences Edit Miranda S 1998 Guide to documents and events Florida International University Miranda S 1998 Guide to documents and events Florida International University Miranda S 1998 Guide to documents and events Florida International University a b c d e f g h i j Miranda S 1998 19th Century 795 900 Florida International University Miranda S 1998 11th Century 999 1099 Florida International University Miranda S 1998 Consistory of 1078 V Florida International University a b Miranda S 1998 12th Century 1099 1198 Florida International University a b c Miranda S 1998 13th Century 1198 1303 Florida International University Klaus Ganzer Die Entwicklung des auswartigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter Max Niemeyer Verlag Tubingen 1963 pp 169 171 no 86 Miranda S 1998 Consistory of December 19 1449 IV Florida International University Miranda S 1998 Consistory of September 28 1500 IX Florida International University a b c d Miranda S 1998 Conclaves of the 16th Century 1503 1592 Florida International University Miranda S 1998 18th Century 1700 1799 Florida International University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church amp oldid 1146920056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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