fbpx
Wikipedia

List of commandants of the Illinois Country

January 01, 1970

The Illinois Country was governed by military commandants for its entire period under French and British rule, and during its time as a county of Virginia. The presence of French military interests in the Illinois Country began in 1682 when Robert de La Salle built Fort St. Louis du Roche on the Illinois River. The commandant of the fort was the top French official in the region and was responsible to the Governor General of New France. In 1718 Illinois was transferred to Louisiana and renamed Upper Louisiana. The new seat of government was Fort de Chartres, located in what is now southeastern Illinois among the growing French settlements of Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher.

Key forts and settlements of Upper Louisiana during the French period

In 1763, at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the entire area of Louisiana was divided, with Great Britain receiving the lands east of the Mississippi and Spain claiming the lands west of it. The new city of St. Louis, in present-day Missouri, became the seat of government of Spanish Upper Louisiana. The government of the British side, present-day Illinois, remained in the hands of military commandants at Fort de Chartres; upon that fort's abandonment the seat of government moved to Kaskaskia. British rule in Illinois was ad hoc and unsystematic. The Quebec Act of 1774 would have organized a government for the region, but before it could be put into effect Illinois was captured by Virginia militia in the Illinois Campaign.[1]

After 1787 Illinois received a civil government as part of the Northwest and Indiana Territories before becoming a distinct Illinois Territory in 1809. The United States acquired the rest of Upper Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803; military rule continued for a few months before it was transferred to civilian government, first under the Indiana Territory, and then as the Louisiana Territory in 1805.

French period (1678–1763) edit

This period included the entire Mississippi River and Missouri River basin above the mouth of the Arkansas River.

Commandants subordinate to Canada edit

Commandants subordinate to Louisiana edit

East of the Mississippi edit

British period (1765–1778) edit

After the Seven Years' War ended in 1763, the Treaty of Paris awarded Great Britain the east bank of the Mississippi, from below Baton Rouge northwards. Due to the outbreak of Pontiac's War, British forces were unable to take control of the Illinois forts until 1765.[2]

Commandants at Fort de Chartres edit

Commandants at Fort Gage (Kaskaskia) edit

Virginia period (1778–1787) edit

Virginia militia under George Rogers Clark captured Illinois in the Illinois Campaign of 1778. The territory was organized as Illinois County, Virginia and placed under a military government, which was intended to be temporary. This government came to an end in 1784, when Virginia ceded the Illinois Country to the United States government. It became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787.[3]

County lieutenants & civil commandants of Illinois County edit

West of the Mississippi edit

Spanish period (1765–1803) edit

After 1765, when Western Louisiana was ceded to Spain by France, the provincial capitol of Upper Louisiana was St. Louis. In spite of that, the governors of Saint Louis maintained the name of "commandants of Illinois". During this period, Upper Louisiana referred only to the land west of the Mississippi River and above the mouth of the Arkansas River.

Commandants of Upper Louisiana edit

Lieutenant-governors of Upper Louisiana edit

French Republic (1803) and District of Louisiana period (1804) edit

In 1803, France under Napoleon purchased Louisiana from Spain. France never established its rule in Upper Louisiana, and already in 1803 it sold the entire territory to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase. Jurisdiction was above the 33rd parallel on the west side of the Mississippi River. Nominal French control at St. Louis lasted only a single day, known as Three Flags Day, when sovereignty was symbolically transferred from Spain to France to the United States. American military rule continued for a few months. On October 1, 1804, civilian government began under the Governor of Indiana Territory. Upper Louisiana was reorganized as the Louisiana Territory in 1805 and the Missouri Territory in 1812.

Commandant of the District of Louisiana edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Carter, Clarence Edwin (1908). Great Britain and the Illinois Country, 1763–1774. Washington, DC: American Historical Association. ISBN 9780598864772. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  2. ^ Carter.
  3. ^ Cunningham, J.O. (1902). "Some Facts in the Judicial History of Illinois". Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1902. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Historical Library. pp. 84–100. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Foley (1989), 45.
  5. ^ a b Foley (1989), 63.

References edit

  • Charles J. Balesi (1992). The Time of the French in the Heart of North America, 1673–1818. Chicago: Alliance Française. ISBN 1-881370-00-3
  • French Commandants
  • Dictionary of Canadian Biography online
  • The French Settlement :: Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
  • William P. McCarthy "The Chevalier Macarty-Mactigue". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, v. 61, n. 1, p. 41-57. Spring 1968.
  • David MacDonald, Lives of Fort Chartres: Commandants, Soldiers, and Civilians in French Illinois, 1720-1770, (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 2016.) ISBN 978-0-8093-3460-5

January 01, 1970
list, commandants, illinois, country, illinois, country, governed, military, commandants, entire, period, under, french, british, rule, during, time, county, virginia, presence, french, military, interests, illinois, country, began, 1682, when, robert, salle, . The Illinois Country was governed by military commandants for its entire period under French and British rule and during its time as a county of Virginia The presence of French military interests in the Illinois Country began in 1682 when Robert de La Salle built Fort St Louis du Roche on the Illinois River The commandant of the fort was the top French official in the region and was responsible to the Governor General of New France In 1718 Illinois was transferred to Louisiana and renamed Upper Louisiana The new seat of government was Fort de Chartres located in what is now southeastern Illinois among the growing French settlements of Cahokia Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher Key forts and settlements of Upper Louisiana during the French period In 1763 at the conclusion of the French and Indian War the entire area of Louisiana was divided with Great Britain receiving the lands east of the Mississippi and Spain claiming the lands west of it The new city of St Louis in present day Missouri became the seat of government of Spanish Upper Louisiana The government of the British side present day Illinois remained in the hands of military commandants at Fort de Chartres upon that fort s abandonment the seat of government moved to Kaskaskia British rule in Illinois was ad hoc and unsystematic The Quebec Act of 1774 would have organized a government for the region but before it could be put into effect Illinois was captured by Virginia militia in the Illinois Campaign 1 After 1787 Illinois received a civil government as part of the Northwest and Indiana Territories before becoming a distinct Illinois Territory in 1809 The United States acquired the rest of Upper Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 military rule continued for a few months before it was transferred to civilian government first under the Indiana Territory and then as the Louisiana Territory in 1805 Contents 1 French period 1678 1763 1 1 Commandants subordinate to Canada 1 2 Commandants subordinate to Louisiana 2 East of the Mississippi 2 1 British period 1765 1778 2 1 1 Commandants at Fort de Chartres 2 1 2 Commandants at Fort Gage Kaskaskia 2 2 Virginia period 1778 1787 2 2 1 County lieutenants amp civil commandants of Illinois County 3 West of the Mississippi 3 1 Spanish period 1765 1803 3 1 1 Commandants of Upper Louisiana 3 1 2 Lieutenant governors of Upper Louisiana 3 2 French Republic 1803 and District of Louisiana period 1804 3 2 1 Commandant of the District of Louisiana 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesFrench period 1678 1763 editThis period included the entire Mississippi River and Missouri River basin above the mouth of the Arkansas River Commandants subordinate to Canada edit Robert de La Salle 1678 1683 Henri de Tonti 1682 1683 interim Louis Henri de Baugy Chevalier de Baugy 1683 1685 Henri de Tonti 1685 1702 Francois Dauphin de la Forest 1700 1702 Pierre de Liette 1702 1718 Commandants subordinate to Louisiana edit Pierre de Boisbriand 1718 1723 Claude Charles Du Tisne 1723 1725 Robert Groston de Saint Ange 1730 1734 Pierre D Artaguiette 1734 1736 7 Alphonse de La Buissonniere 1737 1740 Jean Baptiste Benoit de Saint Clair 1740 1742 interim Claude de Bertet 1742 1749 Jean Baptiste Benoit de Sainte Claire 1749 1751 interim Barthelemy de Macarty Mactigue 1751 1760 Pierre Joseph Neyon de Villiers 1760 1764 Louis Groston de Saint Ange de Bellerive 1764 1770 East of the Mississippi editBritish period 1765 1778 edit After the Seven Years War ended in 1763 the Treaty of Paris awarded Great Britain the east bank of the Mississippi from below Baton Rouge northwards Due to the outbreak of Pontiac s War British forces were unable to take control of the Illinois forts until 1765 2 Commandants at Fort de Chartres edit Captain Sir Thomas Stirling 5th Baronet 1765 Major Robert Farmer 1765 1766 Lieutenant Colonel John Reed 1766 1768 Captain Forbes acting 1768 Lieutenant Colonel John Wilkins 1768 1772 Commandants at Fort Gage Kaskaskia edit Major Isaac Hamilton acting 1772 Captain Hugh Lord 1772 1774 Philippe Francois de Rastel de Rocheblave acting 1774 1778 Virginia period 1778 1787 edit Virginia militia under George Rogers Clark captured Illinois in the Illinois Campaign of 1778 The territory was organized as Illinois County Virginia and placed under a military government which was intended to be temporary This government came to an end in 1784 when Virginia ceded the Illinois Country to the United States government It became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787 3 County lieutenants amp civil commandants of Illinois County edit John Todd 1778 1780 Timothy Demonbreun 1784 remained in command at Kaskaskia until 1786 West of the Mississippi editSpanish period 1765 1803 edit After 1765 when Western Louisiana was ceded to Spain by France the provincial capitol of Upper Louisiana was St Louis In spite of that the governors of Saint Louis maintained the name of commandants of Illinois During this period Upper Louisiana referred only to the land west of the Mississippi River and above the mouth of the Arkansas River Commandants of Upper Louisiana edit Don Francisco Rui 1767 1768 Don Pedro Piernas 1768 Louis Saint Ange de Bellerive 1770 Lieutenant governors of Upper Louisiana edit Pedro Piernas 1770 1775 Francisco Cruzat 1775 1778 4 Captain Fernando de Leyba 1778 June 28 1780 4 Francisco Cruzat September 24 1780 1787 4 5 Manuel Perez November 1787 1792 5 Zenon Trudeau 1792 1799 Carlos de Hault de Lassus 1799 1804 1 French Republic 1803 and District of Louisiana period 1804 edit In 1803 France under Napoleon purchased Louisiana from Spain France never established its rule in Upper Louisiana and already in 1803 it sold the entire territory to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase Jurisdiction was above the 33rd parallel on the west side of the Mississippi River Nominal French control at St Louis lasted only a single day known as Three Flags Day when sovereignty was symbolically transferred from Spain to France to the United States American military rule continued for a few months On October 1 1804 civilian government began under the Governor of Indiana Territory Upper Louisiana was reorganized as the Louisiana Territory in 1805 and the Missouri Territory in 1812 Commandant of the District of Louisiana edit Amos Stoddard 1804 See also editList of governors of Illinois List of governors of MissouriNotes edit Carter Clarence Edwin 1908 Great Britain and the Illinois Country 1763 1774 Washington DC American Historical Association ISBN 9780598864772 Retrieved May 25 2014 Carter Cunningham J O 1902 Some Facts in the Judicial History of Illinois Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1902 Springfield Illinois Illinois State Historical Library pp 84 100 Retrieved May 25 2014 a b c Foley 1989 45 a b Foley 1989 63 References editCharles J Balesi 1992 The Time of the French in the Heart of North America 1673 1818 Chicago Alliance Francaise ISBN 1 881370 00 3 French Commandants Dictionary of Canadian Biography online St Louis in Colonial amp Revolutionary War Times The French Settlement Jefferson National Expansion Memorial William P McCarthy The Chevalier Macarty Mactigue Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society v 61 n 1 p 41 57 Spring 1968 David MacDonald Lives of Fort Chartres Commandants Soldiers and Civilians in French Illinois 1720 1770 Carbondale IL Southern Illinois Univ Press 2016 ISBN 978 0 8093 3460 5 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Illinois nbsp France nbsp Modern history nbsp Spain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of commandants of the Illinois Country amp oldid 1208540394, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.