Through its history, the Seleucid dominion included large parts of the Near East, as well as of the Asian territory of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire. A major center of Hellenistic culture, it attracted a large number of immigrants from Greece who, encouraged by the Seleucids, formed a dominant political elite under the ruling dynasty.[1] After the death of Seleucus I, his successors maintained the empire's strength establishing it as a Greek power in West Asia;[2] the empire reached its height under emperor Antiochus III.[3] From the mid-second century BC, after its defeat at the hands of the resurgent Parthian Empire, the polity entered a state of instability with slow territorial losses and internecine civil wars. The Seleucids, now reduced to a rump state occupying a small part of Syria succumbed to the Rome's annexation of their territory in 64 BC under Pompey the Great.
Seleucus (c. 358 – 281 BC) served as an officer of Alexander the Great, commanding the elite infantry corps in the Macedonian army: the "Shield-bearers" (Greek: Ὑπασπισταί, Hypaspistai), later known as the "Silvershields" (Ἀργυράσπιδες, Argyraspides).[4] After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Partition of Triparadisus assigned Seleucus as satrap of Babylon in 321 BC.[5]Antigonus, the satrap of much of Asia Minor, forced Seleucus to flee from Babylon, but, supported by Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt, Seleucus returned in 312 BC.[6] Seleucus' later conquests included Persia and Media. He agreed to a peace treaty with the Indian King Chandragupta Maurya (reigned 324-297 BC).[7] Seleucus defeated Antigonus in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and Lysimachus (King of Thrace, Macedon and Asia Minor) in the battle of Corupedium (near Sardis) in 281 BC.[8][6]Ptolemy Ceraunus assassinated Seleucus later in the same year. Seleucus' eldest son Antiochus I succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid territories in 281 BC.
Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married to three kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Mother of Antiochus VI, Seleucus V, Antiochus VIII Grypus, and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Coregent with Antiochus VIII Grypus.
Bevan, Edwyn Robert (2015). The House of Seleucus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN9781108082754.
Eckstein, Arthur M. (2006). Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome. University of California Press. ISBN0520246187.
Esposito, Gabriele (2019). Armies of the Hellenistic States, 323 BC–AD 30, History, Organization & Equipment. Pen & Sword Books. ISBN9781526730305.
Glanville Downey (8 December 2015). History of Antioch. Princeton University Press. pp. 735–736. ISBN978-1-4008-7773-7.
Glubb, John Bagot (1967). Syria, Lebanon, Jordan. Walker.
Kosmin, Paul J. (2014). The Land of the Elephant Kings, Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Harvard University Press.
Mehrdad Kia (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 287–311. ISBN978-1-61069-391-2.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seleucid dynasty.
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January 01, 1970
seleucid, dynasty, seleucidae, greek, Σελευκίδαι, seleukídai, descendants, seleucus, macedonian, royal, family, which, ruled, seleucid, empire, based, west, asia, during, hellenistic, period, founded, seleucus, nicator, general, successor, alexander, great, af. The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae s ɪ ˈ l uː s ɪ ˌ d iː Greek Seleykidai Seleukidai descendants of Seleucus was a Macedonian royal family which ruled the Seleucid Empire based in West Asia during the Hellenistic period It was founded by Seleucus I Nicator a general and successor of Alexander the Great after the division of the Macedonian Empire as a result of the Wars of the Successors Diadochi SeleucidsSeleykidaiRoyal houseThe Vergina Sun remained a principal standard of the Seleucid dynasty although the anchor and elephant were more prevalent CountrySyria PersiaFounded312 BCFounderSeleucus IFinal rulerPhilip II PhiloromaeusTitlesLord of Asia Shahanshah Basileus of Persia Basileus of Syria King of Babylonia King of Armenia King of Macedon claimed Dissolution64 BCCadet branchesDiodotid dynasty Bactria Through its history the Seleucid dominion included large parts of the Near East as well as of the Asian territory of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire A major center of Hellenistic culture it attracted a large number of immigrants from Greece who encouraged by the Seleucids formed a dominant political elite under the ruling dynasty 1 After the death of Seleucus I his successors maintained the empire s strength establishing it as a Greek power in West Asia 2 the empire reached its height under emperor Antiochus III 3 From the mid second century BC after its defeat at the hands of the resurgent Parthian Empire the polity entered a state of instability with slow territorial losses and internecine civil wars The Seleucids now reduced to a rump state occupying a small part of Syria succumbed to the Rome s annexation of their territory in 64 BC under Pompey the Great Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 2 Seleucid rulers 3 Family tree 4 See also 5 Footnotes 5 1 References 5 2 Sources 6 External linksHistory editBackground edit Seleucus c 358 281 BC served as an officer of Alexander the Great commanding the elite infantry corps in the Macedonian army the Shield bearers Greek Ὑpaspistai Hypaspistai later known as the Silvershields Ἀrgyraspides Argyraspides 4 After the death of Alexander in 323 BC the Partition of Triparadisus assigned Seleucus as satrap of Babylon in 321 BC 5 Antigonus the satrap of much of Asia Minor forced Seleucus to flee from Babylon but supported by Ptolemy the Satrap of Egypt Seleucus returned in 312 BC 6 Seleucus later conquests included Persia and Media He agreed to a peace treaty with the Indian King Chandragupta Maurya reigned 324 297 BC 7 Seleucus defeated Antigonus in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and Lysimachus King of Thrace Macedon and Asia Minor in the battle of Corupedium near Sardis in 281 BC 8 6 Ptolemy Ceraunus assassinated Seleucus later in the same year Seleucus eldest son Antiochus I succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid territories in 281 BC Seleucid rulers editMain article Seleucid Empire Seleucid Rulers Portrait King Reign BC Consort s Comments nbsp Seleucus I Nicator Satrap 320 315 312 305 BC King 305 281 BC Apama nbsp Antiochus I Soter co ruler from 291 ruled 281 261 BC Stratonice of Syria Co ruler with his father for 10 years nbsp Antiochus II Theos 261 246 BC Laodice IBerenice Berenice was a daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt Laodice I had her and her son murdered nbsp Seleucus II Callinicus 246 225 BC Laodice II nbsp Seleucus III Ceraunus or Soter 225 223 BC Seleucus III was assassinated by members of his army nbsp Antiochus III the Great 223 187 BC Laodice IIIEuboea of Chalcis Antiochus III was a brother of Seleucus III nbsp Seleucus IV Philopator 187 175 BC Laodice IV This was a brother sister marriage nbsp Antiochus son of Seleucus IV 175 170 BC Antiochus IV as co ruler nbsp Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175 163 BC Laodice IV This was a brother sister marriage Antiochus V Eupator 163 161 BC nbsp Demetrius I Soter 161 150 BC Apama Laodice V Son of Seleucus IV Philopator and Laodice IV nbsp Alexander I Balas 150 145 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV nbsp Demetrius II Nicator first reign 145 138 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Demetrius I nbsp Antiochus VI Dionysus or Epiphanes 145 140 BC Son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea nbsp Diodotus Tryphon 140 138 BC General who was a regent for Antiochus VI Dionysus Took the throne after murdering his charge nbsp Antiochus VII Sidetes or Euergetes 138 129 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Demetrius I nbsp Demetrius II Nicator second reign 129 126 BC Cleopatra Thea Demetrius was murdered at the instigation of his wife Cleopatra Thea nbsp Alexander II Zabinas 129 123 BC Counter king who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII Sidetes nbsp Cleopatra Thea 126 121 BC Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt Married to three kings Alexander Balas Demetrius II Nicator and Antiochus VII Sidetes Mother of Antiochus VI Seleucus V Antiochus VIII Grypus and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Coregent with Antiochus VIII Grypus Seleucus V Philometor 126 125 BC Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea nbsp Antiochus VIII Grypus 125 96 BC Tryphaena of EgyptCleopatra Selene I of Egypt nbsp Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 114 96 BC Cleopatra IV of EgyptCleopatra Selene I of Egypt nbsp Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator 96 95 BC nbsp Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator 95 92 BC or 83 BC Cleopatra Selene I nbsp Demetrius III Eucaerus or Philopator 95 87 BC nbsp Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus 95 92 BC nbsp Philip I Philadelphus 95 84 83 BC nbsp Antiochus XII Dionysus 87 84 BC Cleopatra Selene or Seleucus VII 83 69 BC nbsp Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 69 64 BC Philip II Philoromaeus 65 63 BCFamily tree editDetailed Seleucid dynasty Family tree Seleucus Laodice of MacedoniaAntiochusfrom Orestia MacedoniaPtolemysomatophylax 1 Apamadaughter of Spitamenessatrap of SogdianaSeleucus I Nikatoremperor of Seleucid Empire305 281 BC2 Stratonicedaughter of Demetrius Iking of MacedoniaDidymeia Stratonice of Syriadaughter of Demetrius Iking of Macedonia 1 Antiochus I Soteremperor of Seleucid Empire281 261 BC 1 Achaeus the Elderlandowner in Asia Minor 2 Phila Antigonus II Gonatasking of Macedonia Apama II Magasking of CyreneStratonice Demetrius IIking of Macedon2 Berenicedaughter of Ptolemy IIking of EgyptAntiochus II Theosemperor of Seleucid Empire261 246 BC1 Laodice ILaodice II Seleucus II CallinicusAlexanderlandowner in Asia MinorAndromachuslandowner in Asia MinorAntiochis AttalusAttalid dynasty Laodice IIdaughter of Achaeuslandowner in Asia Minor 1 Seleucus II Callinicusemperor of Seleucid Empire246 225 BC 1 Antiochus Hieraxruler of Asia Minor 1 Stratonice Ariarathes III of Cappadocia 1 Laodice Mithridates II of PontusAchaeuscommander of Asia MinorLaodicedaughter ofMithridates II of Pontus Antiochis Xerxesking of Sophene amp CommageneSeleucus III Ceraunusemperor of Seleucid Empire225 223 BCAntiochus III the Greatemperor of Seleucid Empire222 187 BCLaodice IIIdaughter of Mithridates II of Pontus Cleopatra I Syra Ptolemy V of EgyptAntiochusco emperor210 193 BCLaodice IV 3 Antiochus IV EpiphanesSeleucus IV Philopatoremperor of Seleucid Empire187 175 BCAntiochus IV Epiphanesemperor of Seleucid Empire175 164 BCAntiochis Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia Nyssa Pharnaces I of PontusMithridatic dynastyAntiochusemperor of Seleucid Empire175 170 BCLaodice V Perseus king of MacedoniaDemetrius I Soteremperor of Seleucid Empire161 150 BCAntiochus V Eupatoremperor of Seleucid Empire164 161 BCLaodice VI Mithridates V of PontusMithridatic dynastyLaodice Mithridates III of PontusAlexander Balasemperor of Seleucid Empire152 150 146 BCCleopatra Theadaughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt 2 Rhodogune of Parthiadaughter ofMithridates I of ParthiaDemetrius II Nicatoremperor of Seleucid Empire145 138 BC1 Cleopatra Theadaughter ofPtolemy VIof Egyptqueen of Syria126 121 BCAntiochus VII Sidetesemperor of Seleucid Empire138 129 BCAntiochus VI Dionysusemperor of Seleucid Empire144 142 1 BC 1 Seleucus V Philometorco king of Syria 126 125 BC1 Tryphaenadaughter ofPtolemy VIII of Egypt 1 Antiochus VIII Grypusco king of Syria 125 122 BCking of Syria 122 96 BC2 Cleopatra Selenedaughter ofPtolemy VIII of EgyptAntiochus IX Cyzicenusking of Syria116 96 BCCleopatra IV of Egyptdaughter ofPtolemy VIII of EgyptAlexander II Zabinasking of Syria128 123 BC 1 Seleucus VI Epiphanesking of Syria96 94 BC 1 Antiochus XI Epiphanesking of Syria94 93 BC 1 Laodice VII Thea Mithridates I Callinicusking of Commagene 1 Philip I Philadelphusking of Syria94 83 75 BC 1 Demetrius III Eucaerusking of Syria96 87 BC 1 Antiochus XII Dionysusking of Syria87 82 BCAntiochus X Eusebesking of Syria95 92 88 BCCleopatra Selenedaughter ofPtolemy VIII of Egypt Philip II Philoromaeusking of Syria65 64 BCAntiochus XIII Asiaticusking of Syria69 64 BCSeleucus VII Philometorking of Syria83 69 BCBerenice IVdaughter ofPtolemy XII of Egypt Simplified Seleucid dynasty Family tree AntiochusLaodice Seleucus I Nicator Kg 305 281Apama AchaeusStratoniceAntiochus I Soter Kg 281 261 AndromachusAntiochus II Theos Kg 261 246Laodice I Achaeus Kg 220 213Laodice IISeleucus II Callinicus Kg 246 226Antiochus Hierax Kg 240 228 Seleucus III Ceraunus Kg 226 223Antiochus III the Great Kg 223 187Laodice III Antiochus son of Antiochus Seleucus IV Philopator Kg 187 175Laodice IVAntiochus IV Epiphanes Kg 175 163 Antiochus son of Seleucus Kg 175 170Laodice VDemetrius I Soter Kg 161 150Antiochus V Eupator Kg 163 161 possibly Alexander I Balas Kg 150 146Cleopatra TheaQu 125 121Demetrius II Nicator Kg 145 125Antiochus VII Sidetes Kg 138 129 Antiochus VI Dionysus Kg 144 142Seleucus V Philometor Kg 126 125Antiochus VIII Grypus Kg 125 96TryphaenaAntiochus IX Cyzicenus Kg 116 96 claimed Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus VI Epiphanes Kg 96 95Antiochus XI Epiphanes Kg 95 92Philip I Philadelphus Kg 95 83Demetrius III Eucaerus Kg 95 88Antiochus XII Dionysus Kg 87 84Antiochus X Eusebes Kg 95 83 Philip II Philoromaeus Kg 69 63Seleucus VII PhilometerKg 83 69Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Kg 69 64See also editList of kings of Persia List of Syrian monarchsFootnotes editReferences edit Glubb 1967 p 34 Eckstein 2006 p 106 Seleucid dynasty Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 12 04 Esposito 2019 Chapter 8 The Seleucid Army Kosmin 2014 p 16 a b Seleucid empire Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 12 04 Kosmin 2014 p 24 Kosmin 2014 p 80 Sources edit Bevan Edwyn Robert 2015 The House of Seleucus Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781108082754 Eckstein Arthur M 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy Interstate War and the Rise of Rome University of California Press ISBN 0520246187 Esposito Gabriele 2019 Armies of the Hellenistic States 323 BC AD 30 History Organization amp Equipment Pen amp Sword Books ISBN 9781526730305 Glanville Downey 8 December 2015 History of Antioch Princeton University Press pp 735 736 ISBN 978 1 4008 7773 7 Glubb John Bagot 1967 Syria Lebanon Jordan Walker Kosmin Paul J 2014 The Land of the Elephant Kings Space Territory and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire Harvard University Press Mehrdad Kia 27 June 2016 The Persian Empire A Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO pp 287 311 ISBN 978 1 61069 391 2 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seleucid dynasty Livius The Seleucid Empire Archived 2013 07 19 at the Wayback Machine by Jona Lendering Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seleucid dynasty amp oldid 1221560492 Seleucid rulers, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
