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List of grand viziers of Persia
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The following is a list of grand viziers of Persia (Iran) until 1906, when the office of Prime Minister of Iran was created as a result of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. There were different names for this office during different historical periods such as Wuzurg Framadar, Vizier (Persian: وزیر), Sāheb Divān (Persian: صاحبدیوان), Vizier of the Supreme Court (Vazir-e Divān-e A'lā, Persian: وزیر دیوان اعلیٰ), Grand vizier (Vazir-e A'zam, Persian: وزیر اعظم), Premier (Shakhs-e Avval, Persian: شخص اول) and Sadr-e A'zam (Persian: صدراعظم).
Wuzurg Framadar (224–651) edit
- Abarsam, active during the reign of Ardashir I.[1]
- Khosrow Yazdgerd (for Yazdgerd I)
- Mihr Narseh (for Yazdgerd I and Bahram V)
- Suren Pahlav (for Bahram V)
- Bozorgmehr (for Kavad I and Khosrow I)
- Izadgushasp (for Khosrow I)
- Piruz Khosrow (for Kavadh II and Ardashir III)
- Mah-Adhur Gushnasp (for Ardashir III)
- Farrukh Hormizd (for Boran)
Ulugh Bitikchi/Saheb Divan/Vizier (1256–1335) edit
Ulugh Bitickhi
- Sayf al-Din Bitikchi (?–1263) (for Hulagu Khan)
Saheb Divan
- Shams al-Din Juvayni (1263–16 October 1284) (for Hulagu Khan, Abaqa Khan and Tekuder)
Vizier
- Buqa (15 September 1284–January 1289) (for Arghun Khan)
Saheb Divan
- Sa'ad al-Dawla Abhari (1289–1291) (for Arghun Khan)
- Sadr al-Din Ahmad Khaledi Zanjani (1st time) (18 November 1292–24 March 1295) (for Gaykhatu)
Vizier
- Jamal al-Din Ali Dastjerdani (1st time) (1295–1295) (for Baydu)
- Amir Nawrūz (5 October 1295–1295) (for Ghazan)
- Sharaf al-Din Mohammad Biabanaki Semnani (?–7 September 1296) (for Ghazan)
- Jamal al-Din Ali Dastjerdani (2nd time) (7 September 1296 – 5 October 1296) (for Ghazan)
- Sadr al-Din Ahmad Khaledi Zanjani (2nd time) (30 October 1296 – 30 April 1298) (for Ghazan)
- Rashid-al-Din Fazlollah Hamadani (1298–1316) and Sa'd-al-Din Mohammad Avaji (1298–1312) (for Ghazan and Öljaitü)
- Rashid-al-Din Fazlollah Hamadani (1298–1316) and Taj-al-Din Ali-Shah Jilani (1312 – June 1324) (for Öljaitü and Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan)
- Ghias-al-din Mohammad Ali-Shahi (for Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan)
- Rokn-al-Din Sa'en Fasavi (Nosrat-al-Din Adel Fasavi) (1324–?) (for Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan)
- Demasq Kaja (?–24 August 1327) (for Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan)
- Ghiyas-al-Din Mohammad Rashidi and Ala'-al-Din Mohammad Faryumadi (just for 8 months as a colleague of Ghiyas-al-Din) (for Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan)
- Ghiyas-al-Din Mohammad Rashidi (for Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan and Arpa Ke'un)
Vizier/Grand Vizier (1500–1732) edit
Vizier
- Shams-al-Din Zakariya Kujuji (1500–1512) and Najm-al-Din Mahmud Jan Daylamite (1503–?) (for Ismail I)
- Mirak beg Daylamite (?–?) (for Ismail I)
- Shah-mir Daylamite (?–?) (for Ismail I)
- Kamal-al-Din Shah-Hossein Isfahani (1514–15 April 1523) (for Ismail I)
- Jalal al-Din Mohammad Kujuji (1523–1524) (for Ismail I and Tahmasp I)
- Qadi Jahan Qazvini (1st time) (1524–1525) (for Tahmasp I)
- Qavam-al-Din Jafar Savaji (1525–1531) (for Tahmasp I)
- Ahmad Beg Nur-e Kamal (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Sa'd-al-Din Enayatallah Khuzani (1533–1535) and Mo'in-al-Din Yazdi (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Qadi Jahan Qazvini (2nd time) (1535–1549) (for Tahmasp I)
- Ghias-al-Din Ali Shirazi (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Aqa Mohammad Farahani (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Jalal-al-Din Amir-Beg Kujuji (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Mirza Beg Sabeqi Abhari (?–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Masum Beg Safavi (?–1568) (for Tahmasp I)
- Seraj-al-Din Ali Qomi (1568–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Jamal-al-Din Ali Tabrizi and Seyyed Hassan Farahani (simultaneously 1573–?) (for Tahmasp I)
- Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani (20 July 1576–13 June 1577) (for Tahmasp I and Ismail II)
Grand Vizier (E'temad-od-Dowleh)
- Mirza Salman Jaberi (13 June 1577–14 May 1583) (for Ismail I and Mohammad Khodabanda)
- Mirza Hedayatollah Saruni (1583–1585) (for Mohammad Khodabanda)
- Mirza Mohammad Kermani (1st time) (1585–1587) (for Mohammad Khodabanda)
- Mirza Shahvali Shirazi (1587–1589) (for Abbas I)
- Mirza Mohammad Kermani (2nd time) (1589–1589/90) (for Abbas I)
- Mirza Lotfollah Shirazi (1589/90–1590) (for Abbas I)
- Mirza Hatem Beg Nasiri Ordubadi (1590 – 28 May 1610) (for Abbas I)
- Mirza Taleb Khan Nasiri Ordubadi (1st time) (1610–1620) (for Abbas I)
- Salman Khan Ustajlu (1620–1623) (for Abbas I)
- Khalifeh Soltan (1st time) (1623–1631) (for Abbas I and Safi of Persia)
- Mirza Taleb Khan Nasiri Ordubadi (2nd time) (1623 – 28 July 1634) (for Safi of Persia)
- Saru Taqi (11 August 1634–1644) (for Safi of Persia and Abbas II)
- Khalifeh Soltan (2nd time) (1644–1653) (for Abbas II)
- Mohammad Beg the Armenian Tabrizi (1653–1661) (for Abbas II)
- Mirza Mohammad-Mehdi Karaki (1661–1669) (for Abbas II and Suleiman of Persia)
- Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (1669–1671) (for Suleiman of Persia)
The office was vacant (1671–1672)
- Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (1672–1688) (for Suleiman of Persia)
The office was vacant (1688–1690)
- Mohammad-Taher Vahid-e Qazvini (1690–1698) (for Suleiman of Persia and Sultan Husayn)
- Mohammad-Mo'men Khan Shamlu (1699–1707) (for Sultan Husayn)
- Shahqoli Khan Zanganeh (1707–1716) (for Sultan Husayn)
- Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani (1716 – 8 December 1720) (for Sultan Husayn)
- Mohammad-Qoli Khan Shamlu (1721 – 23 October 1722) (for Sultan Husayn)
- Amanollah Khan E'temad-od-Dowleh (1722 – 25 April 1725) (for Mahmud Hotak)
- Zele Khan E'temad-od-Dowleh (1725–1727) (for Ashraf Hotak)
- Mohammad-Amin Khan E'temad-od-Dowleh (1727–1729) (for Ashraf Hotak)
- Rajab-Ali Khan E'temad-od-Dowleh (1729–1732) (for Tahmasp II)
The office was vacant (1732–1750)
Grand Vizier (1750–1794) edit
- Zakariya Khan Kazzazi (June 1750–1751) (for Ismail III)
- Mohammad-Salim Khan Afshar (1751–?1752) (for Ismail III)
- Zakariya Khan Kazzazi (?1752–?1756) (for Ismail III)
- Mirza Aqil Alavi (?1758–1763) (for Karim Khan Zand)
- Mirza Jafar Isfahani (1763–1779) (for Karim Khan Zand)
- Mirza Rabi Isfahani (?–1785) (for Ali-Morad Khan Zand)
- Mirza Mohammad-Hossein Farahani (1785–?) (for Jafar Khan Zand and Lotf-Ali Khan Zand)
Grand Vizier/Sadr-e A'zam/Premier (Qajar Dynasty) edit
| No. | Picture | Name | Title of office | Took office | Left office | Shah (monarch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hajji Ebrahim Shirazi | Vazir-e A'zam | November 1794 | 14 April 1801 | Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar | |
| Fath-Ali Shah Qajar | ||||||
| 2 | Mirza Shafi Mazandarani | Vazir-e A'zam (1801–1809) Sadr-e A'zam (1809–1819) | 14 April 1801 | 12 July 1819 | ||
| 3 | Hajji Mohammad Hossein Khan (Sadr-e Esfahani, Nezam-al-Dowleh) | Sadr-e A'zam | 1819 | 1823 | ||
| 4 | Abdollah Khan Amin ol-Dowleh (1st time) | ? | 1823 | 1825 | ||
| 5 | Asef al-Dowleh | Sadr-e A'zam | 1825 | 21 March 1828 | ||
| 6 | Abdollah Khan Amin ol-Dowleh (2nd time) | ? | 21 March 1828 | 23 October 1834 | ||
| 7 | Mirza Abu'l-Qasem Qa'em-Maqam | ? | January 1835 | 26 June 1835 | Mohammad Shah Qajar | |
| 8 | Haji Mirza Aqasi (Abbās Bayāt Iravāni) | Shakhs-e Avval (Premier) | 1835 | 20 October 1848 | ||
| 9 | Mirza Taghi Khan Farahani (Amir Kabir) | Shakhs-e Avval (Premier) | 20 October 1848 | 13 November 1851 | Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | |
| 10 | Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri (Mirza Nasrollah Khan Nuri) | Sadr-e A'zam | November 1851 | 30 August 1858 | ||
| 11 | Mirza Ja'far Khan Moshir-al-Dowleh | Head of the State Council | 15 September 1858 | November/December 1862 | ||
| — | The office was vacant. | November/December 1862 | 23 March 1865 | |||
| 12 | Mirza Mohammad Khan Sepahsalar (Davallu Qajar) | ? | 23 March 1865 | 16 June 1866 | ||
| — | The office was vacant. | 16 June 1866 | 14 October 1867 | |||
| 13 | Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani (Mostowfi-al-Mamālek) | Ra'is-al-Vozarā (Prime minister or Chief minister) First minister (Vazir-e Avval) | 14 October 1867 | 13 November 1871 | ||
| 14 | Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh (Sepahsālār) | Sadr-e A'zam | 13 November 1871 | 14 September 1873 | ||
| — | Since 1873 to 1878 Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh (Minister of Foreign Affairs and War) and Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani (Minister of Interior Affairs and Treasury) acted together as Grand Vizier. Since 1878 Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh was added to this group of statesmen. | 1873 | 1880 | |||
| — | Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani | Acting Sadr-e A'zam (After dismiss of Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh on 1880, Mirza Yusef Ashtiani was in charge of Sadr-e A'zam affairs, however he was not called Sadr-e A'zam. On 24 June 1884, he officially became Sadr-e A'zam). | 1880 | 24 June 1884 | ||
| 15 | Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani | Sadr-e A'zam | 24 June 1884 | 7 April 1886 | ||
| — | Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan | Acting (Minister of Court) | 7 April 1886 | 1888 | ||
| 16 | Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan | Grand Vizier (1888 – 25 January 1893) Sadr-e A'zam (25 January 1893 – 22 November 1896) | 1888 | 22 November 1896 | ||
| Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | ||||||
| — | The office was vacant. | 22 November 1896 | 6 April 1897 | |||
| 17 | Mirza Ali Khan Amin-al-Dowleh | Ra'is-al-Vozarā (Prime minister or Chief minister) (6 April 1897 – 7 August 1897) Grand Vizier (7 August 1897 – November/December 1897) Sadr-e A'zam (November/December 1897 – 5 June 1898) | 6 April 1897 | 5 June 1898 | ||
| 18 | Mirza Mohsen Khan Moshir-al-Dowleh (Mazāher) | Ra'is-al-Vozarā (prime minister or chief minister)/Head of the State Council | 5 June 1898 | 11 August 1898 | ||
| 19 | Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan (Atabak) | Sadr-e A'zam | 11 August 1898 | 15 September 1903 | ||
| — | The office was vacant. | 15 September 1903 | 23 January 1904 | |||
| 20 | Abdol Majid Mirza (Atabak) | Grand Vizier (23 January 1904 – 26 August 1904) Sadr-e A'zam (26 August 1904 – 29 July 1906) | 23 January 1904 | 29 July 1906 | ||
| 21 | Mirza Nasrollah Khan Moshir-al-Dowleh | Ra'is-al-Vozarā (prime minister or chief minister) (30 July 1906 – 1 August 1906) Sadr-e A'zam (1 August 1906 – 7 March 1907) | 30 July 1906 | 7 March 1907 | ||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ E. Yarshater, “Abarsam,” Encyclopædia Iranica, I/1, pp. 67-68; available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abarsam (accessed on 10 January 2014).
Sources edit
- Chaumont, Marie-Louise (2000). "FRAMADĀR". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 2. pp. 125–126.
- For a full list of Viziers of Iran in the last 2000 years, see: "Iranian Viziers: From Bozorgmehr to Amir Kabir" (وزیران ایرانی از بزرگمهر تا امیر کبیر) by Abdolrafi' Haqiqat (عبدالرفیع حقیقت). Perry–Castañeda Library collection DS 271 F34 1995
- Mohammad Taghi Bahar, Taarikh-e Mokhtasar-e Ahzaab-e Siaasi-e Iraan (A Short History of Political Parties of Iran), Amirkabir, 1978.
- Encyclopædia Iranica Online, available at www.iranica.com
- The Persian Encyclopedia