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List of Caribbean membranophones

January 01, 1970

"Woowoo" redirects here. For other uses, see Woo Woo (disambiguation).

This is a list of membranophones used in the Caribbean music area, including the islands of the Caribbean Sea, as well as the musics of Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Belize, Garifuna music, and Bermuda. It only includes membranophones that are indigenous to the local music area or are a vital and long-standing part of local culture. It does not include membranophones that are, for example, a part of Western style orchestras, nor does it include trap sets and other common membranophones used in popular music recordings of many genres across the world. Almost all membranophones are drums and percussion instruments.[1][2]

Conga drums are a common part of Caribbean music across much of the areas

The Hornbostel-Sachs number is given after each instrument.[3]

Instrument Tradition Hornbostel–Sachs classification Description
agbe See chekere -
agida[4][5]
 Suriname 211.212 Afro-Surinamese bass drum that sets a steady beat for folk music, played with a stick, of the set with apinti and tumao, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin, used in spiritual ceremonies, where it is associated with snake spirits
akete See kété -
alcagüete See alcahuete -
alcahuete[6][7]
alcagüete 		Dominican Republic 211.211.2-7 One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
amelé See okónkolo -
apinti[4][5]
 Suriname 211.211.2 Principal Afro-Surinamese drum of the set with agida and tumao, tenor drum, decorated with carvings, and used for communication by Surinamese slaves and for religious purposes in connection with sky and ancestor spirits, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
arobapá[8][9]
endóga 		Cuba 211.21-814 Drum used in Afro-Cuban Abakuá societies, small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the kuchiyeremá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
assotor[10]
 Haiti 211.211.2 5-to-6-foot-tall (1.5 to 1.8 m) cylindrical drum with three windows near the base so the drummer (or pair of drummers) can play it easily, decorated with brightly colored kerchiefs (foulas)
atabales See palos -
baboula[11][12]
 Grenada 211.221.1 Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, smaller partner of the tambou, used in the belair dance
balaban[13][14]
jumbie drum 		Montserrat 211.311 Small goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance
balsié[15]
 Dominican Republic 2 Small double-headed drum, used in merengue only in the south of the country
bamboula[16]
 Virgin Islands 211.211.2 Played by two drummers, one using two sticks and the other hands and feet, used in dance genre of the same name (bamboula)
bandu See kbandu -
bari[17][18][19]
 Bonaire and Curaçao 211.22 Single-headed, made from a wooden barrel, often from the herring industry, with a skin frame, played two-handed
barrel drum[9]
 Cuba 211.222.2-7 Barrel drum variant of a batá drum, often with the system of lacing replaced by nailing the heads to the drum, most common in Matanzas Province
barriles[20]
buleador, primo, repicador, subidor 		Puerto Rico 211.221.2 Barrel drums, covered with lightly stretched skins, consists of large buleador drums and smaller subidor drums, used in bomba
bas a dé fas, tambou[21]
 Guadeloupe 211.212.2 Bass drum, double-headed, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas Byé Fò
bas a yon fas, tambou[21][22]
 Guadeloupe 211.221-7 Bass barrel drum, one-headed, laced, and played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan
bas, tambou di[22][23][24][25]
boula, tambou dibass, tambou dibas, tambou bas 		Martinique and Guadeloupe 211.311 Small frame drum played with both striking and rubbing, used in indoor music, and quadrilles, ladja and gwo ka, and in the Tamil music of Indo-Caribbean Martinique
bas, tambou See foulé, tambou -
bas, tambou See bas, tambou di -
bas, tambou See bas a yon fas, tambou -
base, tambou di See bas, tambou di -
bass drum[26]
 Antigua and Barbuda 211.211.2 Bass drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music
bass drum[27]
 Barbados 211.212.1 Double-headed drum that keeps the ground rhythm and is slung across the drummers' shoulder, used in tuk bands
bass drum[11]
 Grenada 211.212.1 Double-headed bass drum, played with a hard stick in one hand for the lower head, and a soft mallet in the other hand for the upper head, used to accompany quadrilles
bass drum[28][29][30][31][32]
repeater (Maroon only) 		Jamaica 211.212.1 Double-headed bass drum, carried with a strap and leader of marching bands, played with a covered stick in Nyabinghi ceremonies, used in marching bands, and Rastafarian and Maroon music
bass tumbadora[33]
true conga 		Cuba 211.22.2 Largest barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family
basse[10]
 Haiti 211.311 Goatskin-headed tambourine, used in secular music
batá drums[9][34]
 Cuba 211.26-813 Family of three drums: iyá, itótele and okónkolo, used in Lucumi religious rites, all goblet-shaped and with two goatskin heads called tcha-tchás, sometimes with a nut inside (coco-Africano), both for aural and spiritual reasons
batta[35]
 Guyana 2 Afro-Guyanese bass drum, used in folk music traditions
baydum [36]
 Indo-Trinidadian 211.212.1 Double-headed bass drum, used in Muslim Hosay (Hosein) rituals, now widespread among Afro-Trinidadians and others
bélé[22][23][24][37]
 Martinique 211.251.2-91(+22) Single-headed, open-bottomed conical drum with a hole in the barrel and a goatskin head, stretched by a rope hoop, wrapped in more rope, used in all African-derived Martinican dances and as a symbol of Afro-Martinican identity, including tambour bélé, kalenda, and danmyé, also used to synchronize collective labor in northern Martinique, and is a part of most Martinican rural work songs, uses a plucking string in the northern region
bélé, tambou[38]
 Dominica 211.221.2-86+22 Single-headed barrel drum, covered at one end by goatskin, stretched with rope and pegs, and played barehanded, accompanies bélé, features a plucked strings across the head
bélé, tambou See ka -
bemba[36]
bembe 		Trinidad and Tobago 211.212.2 Cylindrical drums with double skins, smallest of the set with conga and oumalay drums
bembe See bemba -
bench drum See gumbe -
biankomeko[8][9]
 Cuba
-
 Afro-Cuban Abakuá drum ensemble, consisting of four drums: bonkó enchemiyá and enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá
biapá[8][9]
tétendóga 		Cuba 211.21-814 Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
Big Drum[39][40]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Carriacou (Grenada) and Saint Kitts and Nevis
-
 Music and dance ritual, which includes drums traditionally made of tree trunks, now often of rum kegs
bigi doon See gaan doon -
biola[9]
 Cuba 211.321 Unstrung banjo with a drumhead attached
bomba[41]
 Puerto Rico 211.221.2 Barrel-shaped bass drum, used in genre of the same name (bomba)
bombos[9]
 Cuba 211.212.1 European-style bass drum, used in comparsa, a pre-Easter procession
boncó See bonkó enchemiyá -
bongo[9][33][35][41][42][43]
 Cuba 211.211.1 Drums of unequal size played in a pair and held between the knees, originally used in Cuban folk music of various kinds, also used in music of Puerto Rico and across the area, especially Guyana
bonkó enchemiyá[8]
bonko enchemi, bonko, boncó 		Cuba 211.21-814 Largest drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá
bonko See bonkó enchemiyá -
bonko enchemi See bonkó enchemiyá -
boom See kettle -
boom boom See keg -
boula[21][22][23][25][37]
 Guadeloupe 211.221.2 Single-headed hand drum, similar to tambou bèlè and played transversally and single-handed, produces lower sounds and the basic rhythms of the music, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
boula[11][12][44]
tambou dibas, bulla, bula 		Carriacou 211.221.2 Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; narrower and lower-tuned cousin of the kata, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
boula[10][45]
bula 		Haiti 211.221.2-7 Cowskin hand drum, with the head pegged in place around a decorative collar, used in rada along with segon and manman drums
boula[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago 211.222-92 Double-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting
bula See boula (Carriacou, Haiti) -
bulla See boula (Carriacou) -
buleador[20]
primo, repicador, burlador 		Puerto Rico 211.221.2 Larger, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin stretched using pegs, used in bomba
burlador See buleador -
cachimbo[44][46]
 Cuba 211.211.2 Smallest yuka tubular drum, along with caja and mula
caja[44][46]
 Cuba 211.211.2 Largest yuka tubular drum, along with cachimbo and mula, played by two people, one striking the bass and the other hitting the body with a pair of sticks
cast See playing cast -
chan, tambou[22]
 Guadeloupe 2 Small and high pitched drums, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan
circular See snare drum (Jamaica) -
conga[9][37][42][43][47]
tumbadora, tumba, requinto, quinto, ricardo, niño, supertumba, super quinto, tres golpes, salidor, true conga 		Originally Cuban, now found throughout the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico, Haiti and the Dominican Republic 211.221.1-7 Tall, narrow and single-headed barrel drum, open at the bottom, played by congueros, traditionally wood, now often fiberglass, animal-skin heads can be tuned; also used in popular genres from salsa to ripsaw
conga See petwo -
conga[35][36]
 Trinidad and Tobago 211.212.2 Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and oumalay drums; since introduced to Guyana
conga[15]
 Dominican Republic 211.212.2 Cylindrical folk drums
conguito[15]
 Dominican Republic 211.212.2 Cylindrical folk drums with a low bass tone, smaller version of the conga
cot See kata -
cotchíerima See kuchiyeremá -
cut drum See kata -
cutter[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago 211.221-92 Single-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting
cutter See kata -
débonda, tambou[22][24]
doumbedoum 		Guadeloupe and Martinique 211.222.1 Double-headed barrel drum, used in chouval bwa and Carnival music
dholak[36][48]
 Indo-Caribbean 211.212.1 Double-headed drum, used in chutney
dibas, tambou See bas, tambou di -
dibass, tambou See bas, tambou di -
djembe[37]
 Guadeloupe 211.261.2 Skin-covered hand drum, goblet-shaped and played bare-handed, used in gwo ka moderne
doumbedoum See dèbonda, tambou -
dup[11]
 Grenada 211.221.2 Bass drum made from a cardboard barrel, used in parang
ekué[49][50]
ecue 		Cuba 231.13-814 Single-headed three-legged friction drum used in Abakuá ceremonies, played by rubbing a stick over the membrane, which is attached using wedges whose tightness can be modified
enómo See enkomo -
endóga See arobapá -
enko See enkomo -
enkomo[8][9]
enko, enómo 		Cuba 211.21-814 Small cylindrical, or slightly tapered, goatskin-headed drums of the biankomeko ensemble, consisting of three types: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá
foulé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana 211.221.2-92 Large barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, plays a basic rhythm accompanied by the tambou koupé, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
French drum See hun -
French reel[13][14]
jumbie drum, woowoo 		Montserrat 211.311 Goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance
funde[29][30][31][51]
fundeh 		Jamaica 211.211.1 Cylindrical drum, one-headed, held between players' legs and performed by tapping with the hand or fingers, originally used in Burru cult rituals, now also common in Nyabinghi ceremonies
funde[35]
 Guyana 211.21 Afro-Guyanese cylindrical drum
fundeh See funde -
gaan doon[22]
 French Guiana 2 Large bass drum that leads dances, used by the Alukuó Maroons
ganbo[10]
 Haiti 211.211.1 Bamboo stomping tubes, sometimes played in groups
gombay See gumbe -
gombey[52][53]
 Bermuda 211.211.2 Afro-Bermudan drum, related to the Bahamian goombay, used in the genre of the same name (gombey)
gonde[45]
 Haiti 211.251.2-7 Cowskin hand drum, played with a hand and a bow, in a set with katabo and tambou manman
goombah See gumbe -
goombay[47][54]
 Bahamas and Turks and Caicos 211.211.2-7 Goatskin-headed drum traditionally made from improvised materials (especially discarded barrels), goatskin is tuned by heating it with a candle and attached with nails, used in the Bahamian genre of the same name (goombay)
goombay See gumbe -
goombey See gumbe -
gragé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana 211.3 Frame drum, used in Creole dance accompaniment for a dance of the same name (gragé)
groska See gwo ka -
gumbay See gumbe -
gumbe[32][55][56]
gumbay, goombeh, goombah, goombay, gombay, bench drum 		French Guiana and Jamaica 211.31 Small Maroon-derived goatskin square-framed drum, introduced to Sierra Leone
gumbay See gumbe -
gwo ka[21][23][37]
also used synonymously with ka 		Guadeloupe
-
 Family of hand drums, used in lewoz and other traditions, as well as zouk
harp[29]
 Jamaica
-
 Generic term for drums used in ceremonies called grounations; these include the bass drum, funde and kété
hun[9]
French drums 		Cuba
-
 Family of four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, consisting of hugán, xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní
hugán[9]
French drum 		Cuba 211.22-861 Largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní
hun-hogúlo[9]
French drum 		Cuba 211.22-861 Second-smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and huní
huní[9]
French drum 		Cuba 211.22-861 Smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and hun-hogúlo
ich, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia 2 Smaller drum used in Kélé rituals, literally child drum
ikónkolo See okónkolo -
itótele[9][34]
 Cuba 211.26-813 Intermediate-sized batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the iyá and okónkolo; wax-like substance called ida or fardela sometimes used to produce a duller sound
iyá[9][34]
 Cuba 211.26-813 Largest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with goatskin, along with the itótele and okónkolo; red wax-like substance called ida or fardela is used to produce a duller sound, wrapped with bells and belts (chaguoro or tchaworo)
juba[10]
martinique 		Haiti 211.21-92 Shorter and squatter variety of petwo
jumbie drum See French reel, balaban -
ka[21][23][24][25]
also used synonymously with gwo ka 		Guadeloupe and Martinique 211.221 Single-headed drums, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Kongo, made from a barrel with goatskin heads tighted by cord
ka[57]
 Saint Lucia 211.221 Barrel drum with a goatskin head, used in various folk forms, including chanté siay, jwé dansé and jwé gém
ka See tambou -
kanmougé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana 211.211.1 Open-bottomed and single-headed drum, played transversally and carved from a single fragment of wood, used in Creole dance accompaniment for kanmougé and mayouri dances, played in pairs with the lead called the "female" type and the support the "male"
kata[11][12][44]
cut drum, cutter, cot 		Carriacou 211.211.2 Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; wider and higher-tuned cousin of the boula, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
katabo[45]
 Haiti 211.251.2-7 Cowskin hand drum, played with two sticks, in a set with gonde and tambou manman
kbandu[51][58][59]
bandu 		Jamaica 211.211.1+111.231 Large, low-pitched, plays a 4/4 rhythm, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina ceremonies, where it plays a steady rhythm, and is often used several at a time, open end sometimes banged with sticks
keg[16]
boom boom 		Virgin Islands 211.212.1 Double-headed bass drum, used in masquerades and fife and drum ensembles
kété[28][29][30][31]
akete 		Jamaica 211.21 Small skinny cylindrical drum, improvised, used in Nyabinghi celebrations, played with bare hands, also used in dub poetry
kettle[13]
boom 		Montserrat 211.221 Goatskin deep-barreled drum, used in Carnival and other celebrations
kettle drum[26]
 Antigua and Barbuda 211.11 Kettle drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music
kettle drum[52][53]
 Bermuda 211.11 Central use in Bermudan traditions, derived from British kettle drum, especially common in gombey
kettle drum[16]
 Virgin Islands 211.11 Snare drum, used in fife and drum ensembles
Kimbisa drum[9]
 Cuba 211–864 Tall drum with goatskin head, held in place by cords, wedges and hoops, used in the Kimbisa culture
kinfuiti[43]
 Cuba 231.12 Friction drum, single-headed, with a stick inserted and rubbed to produce the sound, used in the Kimbisa tradition
kittle[35]
boom 		Guyana 211.11 Kettle drum, used in masquerades
koupé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana 211.221.2-92 Small barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, used to improvise for dancing while the tambou foulé plays a basic rhythm, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
kromanti[30]
 Jamaica 211.21 Cylindrical drum, used by the Maroons of Moore Town
kuchiyeremá[8][9]
cotchíerima 		Cuba 211.21-814 Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the arobapá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
lapo kabwit[38]
 Dominica
-
 Any kind of Dominican or Grenadan folk drum
lélé, tambou[38]
 Dominica 211.211.2 Cylindrical drum, small and wooden with goatskin at one end, strapped across the shoulder and played with two sticks, used in chanté mas
loango[10]
loangue 		Haiti 211.21-92 Taller and narrower variety of petwo
loangue See loango -
maké See markeur -
makuta See yuka -
makyé See markeur -
manman, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia 2 Larger drum used in Kélé rituals, literally mother drum
mamnan, tambou[10][45]
 Haiti 211.251.2-7 Hand drum with a cowhide head, pegged in place and with a decorated collar, used in many Afro-Haitian musics, used in rada, petwo and other folk traditions
marassas[10]
 Haiti 211.212.2 Cylindrical drum that comes in pairs, traditionally made from wood or a two-gallon container with both top and bottom removed and replaced with heads, played with fingers
markeur[21][22][23][25][37]
makyé, marqueur, maké 		Guadeloupe 211.221.2 Single-headed hand drum, small, high-pitched, played upright and one-handed, and held between the legs, interacts with dancers by responding to movement and improvises with the boula drum, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
marqueur See markeur -
martinique See juba -
matrimonial See wacharaca -
mongó[7]
 Dominican Republic 211.3 Small rural folk handheld frame drum
moyen See segon -
mula[44][46]
 Cuba 211.211.2 Intermediate-sized yuka tubular drum, along with caja and cachimbo
ngoma See yuka -
niño[33]
 Cuba 2 Smallest drum of the conga family
Nyabinghi See kété -
okónkolo[9][34]
ikónkolo, amelé 		Cuba 211.26-813 Smallest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the itótele and iyá
oumalay[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago 211.212.2 Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and conga drums
omele See oumalay -
pailas[60]
 Dominican Republic 211.12 Kettledrum, played in pairs, made from containers used to boil sugarcane juice, with tension lugs to adjust the tightness of the single-head, closed bottom
palo auxiliar[6][7]
 Dominican Republic 211.211.2-7 One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
palo major[7][15]
 Dominican Republic 211.211.2-7 Larger folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
palo menor[7][15]
 Dominican Republic 211.211.2-7 Smaller folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
palos[6][7]
atabale 		Dominican Republic 211.211.2-7 Ensembles that include a number of drums, include the types of palo and alcahuete, used in the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with skin heads either pegged or tacked
pandereta[33]
pandero 		Puerto Rico 211.3 Handheld frame drum, used in plena, adapted from European tambourine
pandero See pandereta -
panderos[7][15]
 Dominican Republic 211.3 Small rural folk handheld frame drum
Pétro See petwo -
petwo[10][61]
conga, Pétro 		Haiti 211.21-92 Cylindrical drum headed with cowskin, attached with cords, comes in two varieties: loango and juba
pikin doon[22]
 French Guiana 2 Medium-sized drum that supports dancers, played in pairs, with one played solo, and both played bare-handed, used among the Alukuó Maroons
playing cast[51][58][59]
playin kya, cast 		Jamaica 211.211.1+111.231 Small, high-pitched, plays complex, syncopated rhythms, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina, open end sometimes struck with sticks
playin kya See playing cast -
podya[4]
 Suriname 2 Small, skin-covered bass drum, common among the rural Afro-Surinamese
prenting See kromanti -
primo See subidor -
pump[27]
 Barbados 2 Long drum, made from a hollow tree trunk with goat or sheep skin on either end
pump[18]
 St Maarten 211.31 Goatskin frame drum, sometimes played in pairs or larger groups, usually using both hands
quinto[9][33]
 Cuba 211.221 Smallest barrel-shaped hand drum, made out of a box with two sloping sides, of the tumbadora family, plays the most intricate rhythms of the group, not always characterized as a tumbadora or conga drum
rada[61]
 Haiti 2 Drum headed with cowskin, attached with wooden pegs
ralé[45]
 Haiti 2 Goatskin drum, used alongside tambou manman, used in petwo and YaYa TiKongo rhythms
rattle See snare drum (Jamaica) -
repeater See bass drum (Jamaica), snare drum (Jamaica) -
repeater See kété -
repeater[51]
 Jamaica 2 Used in the Burru rituals, now imported to Rastafarian music
repicador See subidor -
requinto drum[62]
 Puerto Rico 211.25 Small conical hand drum, improvises over the other drum rhythms, used in plena
ricardo See conga -
ripsaw drum[47]
 Turks and Caicos and Bahamas (Cat Island only) 2 Goat- or cow-skin drum, heated to produce a pitch
round See snare drum (Jamaica) -
Saba drum[18]
 Saba 211.22 Made from kegs or barrels, and attached to a skin frame secured by wood, rope and pegs
salidor See conga -
scratch band barrel drum[16]
 Virgin Islands 211.222 Double-headed barrel drum, used in scratch bands
second See segon -
segon[10][45]
 Haiti 211-7 Cowskin hand drum with artistic collars, used in rada along with boula and manman drums
segundo See conga -
side drum See snare drum -
skratji[63][64]
 Suriname 2 Large Afro-Surinamese bass drum with a cymbal on top, used in kaseko
snare drum[52][53]
 Bermuda 211.212.1 Central use in Bermudan traditions, generally played in pairs, used in gombey
snare drum[27]
kettle 		Barbados 211.212.1 Doubled headed side snare drum, used in tuk bands
snare drum[9]
 Cuba 211.212.1 Snare drum used in comparsa pre-Easter celebrations
snare drum[28][30][32]
side drum, Maroon only: repeater, rattle, round, circular 		Jamaica 211.212.1 Snare drum played with wooden sticks, carried with a strap, used in marching bands and Maroon music
snare drum[64]
 Suriname 211.212.1 Snare drum, used in kaseko
stave drum[9]
 Cuba 211.261.2-813 Drum with straight but sloping sides, closest to being a classic goblet drum, variation on a batá drum
subidor[20][65]
primo, repicador 		Puerto Rico 211.22 Smaller, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin, used in bomba
super quinto See conga -
supertumba See conga -
tambora[6][15][18][66]
 Dominican Republic originally, now also common on St Maarten 211.222 Double-headed barrel drum of African origin, played with a stick on one head and a bare hand on the other
tambou[11]
 Grenada and Dominica 211.221.1 Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, larger partner of the baboula, accompanies the belair dance
tambou[23]
 Martinique and Guadeloupe
-
 Generic term for drums
tambour[67]
 Puerto Rico 211.211.2 Long drum, made from a hollowed-out tree trunk and topped with animal skin
tambourine[10]
 Haiti 212.211 Miniature version of the tymbale, beaten with two sticks
tambú[18][68]
tambu 		Curaçao 211.211.2 Long drum, made from a hollow log, used in tambú
tanbou See tambou -
tanbou[45]
 Haiti Barrel drum made from hardwood and topped with animal skin
tassa[36]
 Indo-Trinidadian, now commonplace 211.11 Kettle drum with a goatskin head, used in the Muslim Hosay (Hosein) ritual
tenbal, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia 211.212.1 Snare drum, used in cockfights, séwinal, merry-go-rounds, other celebrations
tenor drum[28]
 Jamaica 2 Carried with a strap, used in marching bands
tétendóga See biapá -
timbales[9]
tymbales 		Cuba 211.211.1 European-derived open-bottomed twin drum, played using sticks
tom[25]
 Guadeloupe 211.212.1 Cylindrical drum like the tom-tom drum, [played with sticks
tombas[25]
 Guadeloupe 211.212.1 Bass drum, played with sticks
toombah[26]
tumtum 		Antigua and Barbuda 2 Small drum, decorated with shells and tin
tres golpes See conga -
tres por dos[33]
 Cuba 211.22 Medium-sized barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family
true conga See bass tumbadora -
tumba[9][33]
 Cuba 211.221-7 Largest variety of the conga family, stave drum with a cowskin head
tumbadora[33]
bass tumbadora, true conga, tres por dos, quinto 		Cuba 211.22.2 Cuban conga drum, barrel-shaped hand drum
tumao[4][5]
 Suriname 211.211.2 Intermediate drum of the set, with agida and apinti, played with one hand, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
tumtum See toombah -
tumtum[27]
 Barbados 211.212.1 Hollowed-out tree trunk with skins at either end
tun[22]
 French Guiana 2 Small drum, used among the Alukuó Maroons
twavay, tambou[38]
 Dominica 22 Small barrel frame drum, headed with goatskin; a cord with an attached bead is placed on the drumskin to add a buzzing quality to the sound, used to accompany work songs
tymbale[10]
 Haiti 212.212.1 Large two-headed hooped drum, carried with a strap and sometimes with an attached board called an assot
tymbales See timbales -
uyó[9]
 Cuba 23 Abakua friction drum, details of construction are kept secret
woowoo See French reel -
xumpé[9]
French drum 		Cuba 211.22-861 Second-largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, hun-hogúlo and huní
yuka[44][46]
makuta, ngoma, tambor de yuka 		Cuba 211.211.2 Class of three folk tubular drums: caja, mula, and cachimbo
zesse[10]
 Haiti 22 Cylindrical drum used in the dance of the same name, has a wire stretched across the single goatskin head


References edit

  • Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World: An Introductory Survey. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506334-1.
  • Koskoff, Ellen (2001). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 3: The United States and Canada. New York and London: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-6040-7.

Notes edit

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January 01, 1970
list, caribbean, membranophones, woowoo, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, this, list, membranophones, used, caribbean, music, area, including, islands, caribbean, well, musics, guyana, suriname, french, guiana, belize, garifuna, music, bermuda, on. Woowoo redirects here For other uses see Woo Woo disambiguation This is a list of membranophones used in the Caribbean music area including the islands of the Caribbean Sea as well as the musics of Guyana Suriname French Guiana Belize Garifuna music and Bermuda It only includes membranophones that are indigenous to the local music area or are a vital and long standing part of local culture It does not include membranophones that are for example a part of Western style orchestras nor does it include trap sets and other common membranophones used in popular music recordings of many genres across the world Almost all membranophones are drums and percussion instruments 1 2 Conga drums are a common part of Caribbean music across much of the areas The Hornbostel Sachs number is given after each instrument 3 Instrument Tradition Hornbostel Sachs classification Description agbe See chekere agida 4 5 Suriname 211 212 Afro Surinamese bass drum that sets a steady beat for folk music played with a stick of the set with apinti and tumao pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck made from hollow logs with heads of skin used in spiritual ceremonies where it is associated with snake spirits akete See kete alcaguete See alcahuete alcahuete 6 7 alcaguete Dominican Republic 211 211 2 7 One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos of the Afro Dominican religious ceremonies played either in pairs or trios with single skin heads either pegged or tacked amele See okonkolo apinti 4 5 Suriname 211 211 2 Principal Afro Surinamese drum of the set with agida and tumao tenor drum decorated with carvings and used for communication by Surinamese slaves and for religious purposes in connection with sky and ancestor spirits pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck made from hollow logs with heads of skin arobapa 8 9 endoga Cuba 211 21 814 Drum used in Afro Cuban Abakua societies small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble along with the kuchiyerema and biapa and the taller bonko enchemiya assotor 10 Haiti 211 211 2 5 to 6 foot tall 1 5 to 1 8 m cylindrical drum with three windows near the base so the drummer or pair of drummers can play it easily decorated with brightly colored kerchiefs foulas atabales See palos baboula 11 12 Grenada 211 221 1 Open bottomed goatskin headed made from barrels or tree trunks smaller partner of the tambou used in the belair dance balaban 13 14 jumbie drum Montserrat 211 311 Small goatskin frame drum played with the back of the hand front of the fingers and the palm used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance balsie 15 Dominican Republic 2 Small double headed drum used in merengue only in the south of the country bamboula 16 Virgin Islands 211 211 2 Played by two drummers one using two sticks and the other hands and feet used in dance genre of the same name bamboula bandu See kbandu bari 17 18 19 Bonaire and Curacao 211 22 Single headed made from a wooden barrel often from the herring industry with a skin frame played two handed barrel drum 9 Cuba 211 222 2 7 Barrel drum variant of a bata drum often with the system of lacing replaced by nailing the heads to the drum most common in Matanzas Province barriles 20 buleador primo repicador subidor Puerto Rico 211 221 2 Barrel drums covered with lightly stretched skins consists of large buleador drums and smaller subidor drums used in bomba bas a de fas tambou 21 Guadeloupe 211 212 2 Bass drum double headed played with sticks used in Carnival specifically mizik a mas Bye Fo bas a yon fas tambou 21 22 Guadeloupe 211 221 7 Bass barrel drum one headed laced and played with sticks used in Carnival specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan bas tambou di 22 23 24 25 boula tambou dibass tambou dibas tambou bas Martinique and Guadeloupe 211 311 Small frame drum played with both striking and rubbing used in indoor music and quadrilles ladja and gwo ka and in the Tamil music of Indo Caribbean Martinique bas tambou See foule tambou bas tambou See bas tambou di bas tambou See bas a yon fas tambou base tambou di See bas tambou di bass drum 26 Antigua and Barbuda 211 211 2 Bass drum accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music bass drum 27 Barbados 211 212 1 Double headed drum that keeps the ground rhythm and is slung across the drummers shoulder used in tuk bands bass drum 11 Grenada 211 212 1 Double headed bass drum played with a hard stick in one hand for the lower head and a soft mallet in the other hand for the upper head used to accompany quadrilles bass drum 28 29 30 31 32 repeater Maroon only Jamaica 211 212 1 Double headed bass drum carried with a strap and leader of marching bands played with a covered stick in Nyabinghi ceremonies used in marching bands and Rastafarian and Maroon music bass tumbadora 33 true conga Cuba 211 22 2 Largest barrel shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family basse 10 Haiti 211 311 Goatskin headed tambourine used in secular music bata drums 9 34 Cuba 211 26 813 Family of three drums iya itotele and okonkolo used in Lucumi religious rites all goblet shaped and with two goatskin heads called tcha tchas sometimes with a nut inside coco Africano both for aural and spiritual reasons batta 35 Guyana 2 Afro Guyanese bass drum used in folk music traditions baydum 36 Indo Trinidadian 211 212 1 Double headed bass drum used in Muslim Hosay Hosein rituals now widespread among Afro Trinidadians and others bele 22 23 24 37 Martinique 211 251 2 91 22 Single headed open bottomed conical drum with a hole in the barrel and a goatskin head stretched by a rope hoop wrapped in more rope used in all African derived Martinican dances and as a symbol of Afro Martinican identity including tambour bele kalenda and danmye also used to synchronize collective labor in northern Martinique and is a part of most Martinican rural work songs uses a plucking string in the northern region bele tambou 38 Dominica 211 221 2 86 22 Single headed barrel drum covered at one end by goatskin stretched with rope and pegs and played barehanded accompanies bele features a plucked strings across the head bele tambou See ka bemba 36 bembe Trinidad and Tobago 211 212 2 Cylindrical drums with double skins smallest of the set with conga and oumalay drums bembe See bemba bench drum See gumbe biankomeko 8 9 Cuba Afro Cuban Abakua drum ensemble consisting of four drums bonko enchemiya and enkomo biapa arobapa and kuchiyerema biapa 8 9 tetendoga Cuba 211 21 814 Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble along with the biapa arobapa and kuchiyerema and the taller bonko enchemiya Big Drum 39 40 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Carriacou Grenada and Saint Kitts and Nevis Music and dance ritual which includes drums traditionally made of tree trunks now often of rum kegs bigi doon See gaan doon biola 9 Cuba 211 321 Unstrung banjo with a drumhead attached bomba 41 Puerto Rico 211 221 2 Barrel shaped bass drum used in genre of the same name bomba bombos 9 Cuba 211 212 1 European style bass drum used in comparsa a pre Easter procession bonco See bonko enchemiya bongo 9 33 35 41 42 43 Cuba 211 211 1 Drums of unequal size played in a pair and held between the knees originally used in Cuban folk music of various kinds also used in music of Puerto Rico and across the area especially Guyana bonko enchemiya 8 bonko enchemi bonko bonco Cuba 211 21 814 Largest drum of the biankomeko ensemble along with the enkomo biapa arobapa and kuchiyerema bonko See bonko enchemiya bonko enchemi See bonko enchemiya boom See kettle boom boom See keg boula 21 22 23 25 37 Guadeloupe 211 221 2 Single headed hand drum similar to tambou bele and played transversally and single handed produces lower sounds and the basic rhythms of the music used in gwo ka Carnival wrestling matches and wakes boula 11 12 44 tambou dibas bulla bula Carriacou 211 221 2 Hand drum formerly made of barrels now more often rum casks narrower and lower tuned cousin of the kata used in the Big Drum tradition barrel contains a hole on the side skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth boula 10 45 bula Haiti 211 221 2 7 Cowskin hand drum with the head pegged in place around a decorative collar used in rada along with segon and manman drums boula 36 Trinidad and Tobago 211 222 92 Double headed barrel drum played open handed drum heads attached with hoops accompanies kalenda stick fighting bula See boula Carriacou Haiti bulla See boula Carriacou buleador 20 primo repicador burlador Puerto Rico 211 221 2 Larger barrel shaped hand drums covered with tight animal skin stretched using pegs used in bomba burlador See buleador cachimbo 44 46 Cuba 211 211 2 Smallest yuka tubular drum along with caja and mula caja 44 46 Cuba 211 211 2 Largest yuka tubular drum along with cachimbo and mula played by two people one striking the bass and the other hitting the body with a pair of sticks cast See playing cast chan tambou 22 Guadeloupe 2 Small and high pitched drums played with sticks used in Carnival specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan circular See snare drum Jamaica conga 9 37 42 43 47 tumbadora tumba requinto quinto ricardo nino supertumba super quinto tres golpes salidor true conga Originally Cuban now found throughout the Caribbean especially Puerto Rico Haiti and the Dominican Republic 211 221 1 7 Tall narrow and single headed barrel drum open at the bottom played by congueros traditionally wood now often fiberglass animal skin heads can be tuned also used in popular genres from salsa to ripsaw conga See petwo conga 35 36 Trinidad and Tobago 211 212 2 Cylindrical drums with double skins middle sized drum of the set with bembe and oumalay drums since introduced to Guyana conga 15 Dominican Republic 211 212 2 Cylindrical folk drums conguito 15 Dominican Republic 211 212 2 Cylindrical folk drums with a low bass tone smaller version of the conga cot See kata cotchierima See kuchiyerema cut drum See kata cutter 36 Trinidad and Tobago 211 221 92 Single headed barrel drum played open handed drum heads attached with hoops accompanies kalenda stick fighting cutter See kata debonda tambou 22 24 doumbedoum Guadeloupe and Martinique 211 222 1 Double headed barrel drum used in chouval bwa and Carnival music dholak 36 48 Indo Caribbean 211 212 1 Double headed drum used in chutney dibas tambou See bas tambou di dibass tambou See bas tambou di djembe 37 Guadeloupe 211 261 2 Skin covered hand drum goblet shaped and played bare handed used in gwo ka moderne doumbedoum See debonda tambou dup 11 Grenada 211 221 2 Bass drum made from a cardboard barrel used in parang ekue 49 50 ecue Cuba 231 13 814 Single headed three legged friction drum used in Abakua ceremonies played by rubbing a stick over the membrane which is attached using wedges whose tightness can be modified enomo See enkomo endoga See arobapa enko See enkomo enkomo 8 9 enko enomo Cuba 211 21 814 Small cylindrical or slightly tapered goatskin headed drums of the biankomeko ensemble consisting of three types biapa arobapa and kuchiyerema foule tambou 22 French Guiana 211 221 2 92 Large barrel drum used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko plays a basic rhythm accompanied by the tambou koupe head typically made of goatskin attached with a vine or iron hoop French drum See hun French reel 13 14 jumbie drum woowoo Montserrat 211 311 Goatskin frame drum played with the back of the hand front of the fingers and the palm used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance funde 29 30 31 51 fundeh Jamaica 211 211 1 Cylindrical drum one headed held between players legs and performed by tapping with the hand or fingers originally used in Burru cult rituals now also common in Nyabinghi ceremonies funde 35 Guyana 211 21 Afro Guyanese cylindrical drum fundeh See funde gaan doon 22 French Guiana 2 Large bass drum that leads dances used by the Alukuo Maroons ganbo 10 Haiti 211 211 1 Bamboo stomping tubes sometimes played in groups gombay See gumbe gombey 52 53 Bermuda 211 211 2 Afro Bermudan drum related to the Bahamian goombay used in the genre of the same name gombey gonde 45 Haiti 211 251 2 7 Cowskin hand drum played with a hand and a bow in a set with katabo and tambou manman goombah See gumbe goombay 47 54 Bahamas and Turks and Caicos 211 211 2 7 Goatskin headed drum traditionally made from improvised materials especially discarded barrels goatskin is tuned by heating it with a candle and attached with nails used in the Bahamian genre of the same name goombay goombay See gumbe goombey See gumbe grage tambou 22 French Guiana 211 3 Frame drum used in Creole dance accompaniment for a dance of the same name grage groska See gwo ka gumbay See gumbe gumbe 32 55 56 gumbay goombeh goombah goombay gombay bench drum French Guiana and Jamaica 211 31 Small Maroon derived goatskin square framed drum introduced to Sierra Leone gumbay See gumbe gwo ka 21 23 37 also used synonymously with ka Guadeloupe Family of hand drums used in lewoz and other traditions as well as zouk harp 29 Jamaica Generic term for drums used in ceremonies called grounations these include the bass drum funde and kete hun 9 French drums Cuba Family of four drums used in the Haitian Cuban Arada ceremonies consisting of hugan xumpe hun hogulo and huni hugan 9 French drum Cuba 211 22 861 Largest of the four drums used in the Haitian Cuban Arada ceremonies along with xumpe hun hogulo and huni hun hogulo 9 French drum Cuba 211 22 861 Second smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian Cuban Arada ceremonies along with hugan xumpe and huni huni 9 French drum Cuba 211 22 861 Smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian Cuban Arada ceremonies along with hugan xumpe and hun hogulo ich tambou 57 Saint Lucia 2 Smaller drum used in Kele rituals literally child drum ikonkolo See okonkolo itotele 9 34 Cuba 211 26 813 Intermediate sized bata goblet shaped drum made of wood and covered with skin along with the iya and okonkolo wax like substance called ida or fardela sometimes used to produce a duller sound iya 9 34 Cuba 211 26 813 Largest bata goblet shaped drum made of wood and covered with goatskin along with the itotele and okonkolo red wax like substance called ida or fardela is used to produce a duller sound wrapped with bells and belts chaguoro or tchaworo juba 10 martinique Haiti 211 21 92 Shorter and squatter variety of petwo jumbie drum See French reel balaban ka 21 23 24 25 also used synonymously with gwo ka Guadeloupe and Martinique 211 221 Single headed drums used in Carnival specifically mizik a mas a Kongo made from a barrel with goatskin heads tighted by cord ka 57 Saint Lucia 211 221 Barrel drum with a goatskin head used in various folk forms including chante siay jwe danse and jwe gem ka See tambou kanmouge tambou 22 French Guiana 211 211 1 Open bottomed and single headed drum played transversally and carved from a single fragment of wood used in Creole dance accompaniment for kanmouge and mayouri dances played in pairs with the lead called the female type and the support the male kata 11 12 44 cut drum cutter cot Carriacou 211 211 2 Hand drum formerly made of barrels now more often rum casks wider and higher tuned cousin of the boula used in the Big Drum tradition barrel contains a hole on the side skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth katabo 45 Haiti 211 251 2 7 Cowskin hand drum played with two sticks in a set with gonde and tambou manman kbandu 51 58 59 bandu Jamaica 211 211 1 111 231 Large low pitched plays a 4 4 rhythm covered with a goat skin used in Kumina ceremonies where it plays a steady rhythm and is often used several at a time open end sometimes banged with sticks keg 16 boom boom Virgin Islands 211 212 1 Double headed bass drum used in masquerades and fife and drum ensembles kete 28 29 30 31 akete Jamaica 211 21 Small skinny cylindrical drum improvised used in Nyabinghi celebrations played with bare hands also used in dub poetry kettle 13 boom Montserrat 211 221 Goatskin deep barreled drum used in Carnival and other celebrations kettle drum 26 Antigua and Barbuda 211 11 Kettle drum accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music kettle drum 52 53 Bermuda 211 11 Central use in Bermudan traditions derived from British kettle drum especially common in gombey kettle drum 16 Virgin Islands 211 11 Snare drum used in fife and drum ensembles Kimbisa drum 9 Cuba 211 864 Tall drum with goatskin head held in place by cords wedges and hoops used in the Kimbisa culture kinfuiti 43 Cuba 231 12 Friction drum single headed with a stick inserted and rubbed to produce the sound used in the Kimbisa tradition kittle 35 boom Guyana 211 11 Kettle drum used in masquerades koupe tambou 22 French Guiana 211 221 2 92 Small barrel drum used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko used to improvise for dancing while the tambou foule plays a basic rhythm head typically made of goatskin attached with a vine or iron hoop kromanti 30 Jamaica 211 21 Cylindrical drum used by the Maroons of Moore Town kuchiyerema 8 9 cotchierima Cuba 211 21 814 Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble along with the arobapa and biapa and the taller bonko enchemiya lapo kabwit 38 Dominica Any kind of Dominican or Grenadan folk drum lele tambou 38 Dominica 211 211 2 Cylindrical drum small and wooden with goatskin at one end strapped across the shoulder and played with two sticks used in chante mas loango 10 loangue Haiti 211 21 92 Taller and narrower variety of petwo loangue See loango make See markeur makuta See yuka makye See markeur manman tambou 57 Saint Lucia 2 Larger drum used in Kele rituals literally mother drum mamnan tambou 10 45 Haiti 211 251 2 7 Hand drum with a cowhide head pegged in place and with a decorated collar used in many Afro Haitian musics used in rada petwo and other folk traditions marassas 10 Haiti 211 212 2 Cylindrical drum that comes in pairs traditionally made from wood or a two gallon container with both top and bottom removed and replaced with heads played with fingers markeur 21 22 23 25 37 makye marqueur make Guadeloupe 211 221 2 Single headed hand drum small high pitched played upright and one handed and held between the legs interacts with dancers by responding to movement and improvises with the boula drum used in gwo ka Carnival wrestling matches and wakes marqueur See markeur martinique See juba matrimonial See wacharaca mongo 7 Dominican Republic 211 3 Small rural folk handheld frame drum moyen See segon mula 44 46 Cuba 211 211 2 Intermediate sized yuka tubular drum along with caja and cachimbo ngoma See yuka nino 33 Cuba 2 Smallest drum of the conga family Nyabinghi See kete okonkolo 9 34 ikonkolo amele Cuba 211 26 813 Smallest bata goblet shaped drum made of wood and covered with skin along with the itotele and iya oumalay 36 Trinidad and Tobago 211 212 2 Cylindrical drums with double skins middle sized drum of the set with bembe and conga drums omele See oumalay pailas 60 Dominican Republic 211 12 Kettledrum played in pairs made from containers used to boil sugarcane juice with tension lugs to adjust the tightness of the single head closed bottom palo auxiliar 6 7 Dominican Republic 211 211 2 7 One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos of the Afro Dominican religious ceremonies played either in pairs or trios with single skin heads either pegged or tacked palo major 7 15 Dominican Republic 211 211 2 7 Larger folk long drum made from a tree trunk used singly in ensembles called palos of the Afro Dominican religious ceremonies played either in pairs or trios with single skin heads either pegged or tacked palo menor 7 15 Dominican Republic 211 211 2 7 Smaller folk long drum made from a tree trunk used singly in ensembles called palos of the Afro Dominican religious ceremonies played either in pairs or trios with single skin heads either pegged or tacked palos 6 7 atabale Dominican Republic 211 211 2 7 Ensembles that include a number of drums include the types of palo and alcahuete used in the Afro Dominican religious ceremonies played either in pairs or trios with skin heads either pegged or tacked pandereta 33 pandero Puerto Rico 211 3 Handheld frame drum used in plena adapted from European tambourine pandero See pandereta panderos 7 15 Dominican Republic 211 3 Small rural folk handheld frame drum Petro See petwo petwo 10 61 conga Petro Haiti 211 21 92 Cylindrical drum headed with cowskin attached with cords comes in two varieties loango and juba pikin doon 22 French Guiana 2 Medium sized drum that supports dancers played in pairs with one played solo and both played bare handed used among the Alukuo Maroons playing cast 51 58 59 playin kya cast Jamaica 211 211 1 111 231 Small high pitched plays complex syncopated rhythms covered with a goat skin used in Kumina open end sometimes struck with sticks playin kya See playing cast podya 4 Suriname 2 Small skin covered bass drum common among the rural Afro Surinamese prenting See kromanti primo See subidor pump 27 Barbados 2 Long drum made from a hollow tree trunk with goat or sheep skin on either end pump 18 St Maarten 211 31 Goatskin frame drum sometimes played in pairs or larger groups usually using both hands quinto 9 33 Cuba 211 221 Smallest barrel shaped hand drum made out of a box with two sloping sides of the tumbadora family plays the most intricate rhythms of the group not always characterized as a tumbadora or conga drum rada 61 Haiti 2 Drum headed with cowskin attached with wooden pegs rale 45 Haiti 2 Goatskin drum used alongside tambou manman used in petwo and YaYa TiKongo rhythms rattle See snare drum Jamaica repeater See bass drum Jamaica snare drum Jamaica repeater See kete repeater 51 Jamaica 2 Used in the Burru rituals now imported to Rastafarian music repicador See subidor requinto drum 62 Puerto Rico 211 25 Small conical hand drum improvises over the other drum rhythms used in plena ricardo See conga ripsaw drum 47 Turks and Caicos and Bahamas Cat Island only 2 Goat or cow skin drum heated to produce a pitch round See snare drum Jamaica Saba drum 18 Saba 211 22 Made from kegs or barrels and attached to a skin frame secured by wood rope and pegs salidor See conga scratch band barrel drum 16 Virgin Islands 211 222 Double headed barrel drum used in scratch bands second See segon segon 10 45 Haiti 211 7 Cowskin hand drum with artistic collars used in rada along with boula and manman drums segundo See conga side drum See snare drum skratji 63 64 Suriname 2 Large Afro Surinamese bass drum with a cymbal on top used in kaseko snare drum 52 53 Bermuda 211 212 1 Central use in Bermudan traditions generally played in pairs used in gombey snare drum 27 kettle Barbados 211 212 1 Doubled headed side snare drum used in tuk bands snare drum 9 Cuba 211 212 1 Snare drum used in comparsa pre Easter celebrations snare drum 28 30 32 side drum Maroon only repeater rattle round circular Jamaica 211 212 1 Snare drum played with wooden sticks carried with a strap used in marching bands and Maroon music snare drum 64 Suriname 211 212 1 Snare drum used in kaseko stave drum 9 Cuba 211 261 2 813 Drum with straight but sloping sides closest to being a classic goblet drum variation on a bata drum subidor 20 65 primo repicador Puerto Rico 211 22 Smaller barrel shaped hand drums covered with tight animal skin used in bomba super quinto See conga supertumba See conga tambora 6 15 18 66 Dominican Republic originally now also common on St Maarten 211 222 Double headed barrel drum of African origin played with a stick on one head and a bare hand on the other tambou 11 Grenada and Dominica 211 221 1 Open bottomed goatskin headed made from barrels or tree trunks larger partner of the baboula accompanies the belair dance tambou 23 Martinique and Guadeloupe Generic term for drums tambour 67 Puerto Rico 211 211 2 Long drum made from a hollowed out tree trunk and topped with animal skin tambourine 10 Haiti 212 211 Miniature version of the tymbale beaten with two sticks tambu 18 68 tambu Curacao 211 211 2 Long drum made from a hollow log used in tambu tanbou See tambou tanbou 45 Haiti Barrel drum made from hardwood and topped with animal skin tassa 36 Indo Trinidadian now commonplace 211 11 Kettle drum with a goatskin head used in the Muslim Hosay Hosein ritual tenbal tambou 57 Saint Lucia 211 212 1 Snare drum used in cockfights sewinal merry go rounds other celebrations tenor drum 28 Jamaica 2 Carried with a strap used in marching bands tetendoga See biapa timbales 9 tymbales Cuba 211 211 1 European derived open bottomed twin drum played using sticks tom 25 Guadeloupe 211 212 1 Cylindrical drum like the tom tom drum played with sticks tombas 25 Guadeloupe 211 212 1 Bass drum played with sticks toombah 26 tumtum Antigua and Barbuda 2 Small drum decorated with shells and tin tres golpes See conga tres por dos 33 Cuba 211 22 Medium sized barrel shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family true conga See bass tumbadora tumba 9 33 Cuba 211 221 7 Largest variety of the conga family stave drum with a cowskin head tumbadora 33 bass tumbadora true conga tres por dos quinto Cuba 211 22 2 Cuban conga drum barrel shaped hand drum tumao 4 5 Suriname 211 211 2 Intermediate drum of the set with agida and apinti played with one hand pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck made from hollow logs with heads of skin tumtum See toombah tumtum 27 Barbados 211 212 1 Hollowed out tree trunk with skins at either end tun 22 French Guiana 2 Small drum used among the Alukuo Maroons twavay tambou 38 Dominica 22 Small barrel frame drum headed with goatskin a cord with an attached bead is placed on the drumskin to add a buzzing quality to the sound used to accompany work songs tymbale 10 Haiti 212 212 1 Large two headed hooped drum carried with a strap and sometimes with an attached board called an assot tymbales See timbales uyo 9 Cuba 23 Abakua friction drum details of construction are kept secret woowoo See French reel xumpe 9 French drum Cuba 211 22 861 Second largest of the four drums used in the Haitian Cuban Arada ceremonies along with hugan hun hogulo and huni yuka 44 46 makuta ngoma tambor de yuka Cuba 211 211 2 Class of three folk tubular drums caja mula and cachimbo zesse 10 Haiti 22 Cylindrical drum used in the dance of the same name has a wire stretched across the single goatskin headReferences editManuel Peter 1988 Popular Musics of the Non Western World An Introductory Survey New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 506334 1 Koskoff Ellen 2001 The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Volume 3 The United States and Canada New York and London Garland Publishing ISBN 0 8240 6040 7 Notes edit Catherine Schmidt Jones Classifying Musical Instruments Membranophones Connexions Archived from the original on July 23 2011 Retrieved January 22 2007 534m Membranophones SIL Archived from the original on July 10 2006 Retrieved January 4 2007 von Hornbostel Erich M Curt Sachs March 1961 Classification of Musical Instruments Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P Wachsmann The 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