This article is about the physical process. For the end of a secret, see Liquidation.
In materials science, liquefaction[1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas[2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.[3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to allow separation of the constituents, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and the noble gases."[4] Another is the conversion of solid coal into a liquid form usable as a substitute for liquid fuels.[5]
In geology, soil liquefaction refers to the process by which water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid, often in an earthquake.[6] Soil liquefaction was blamed for building collapses in the city of Palu, Indonesia in October 2018.[7]
In a related phenomenon, liquefaction of bulk materials in cargo ships may cause a dangerous shift in the load.[8][9]
In physics and chemistry, the phase transitions from solid and gas to liquid (melting and condensation, respectively) may be referred to as liquefaction. The melting point (sometimes called liquefaction point) is the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid. In commercial and industrial situations, the process of condensing a gas to liquid is sometimes referred to as liquefaction of gases.
Liquefaction is also used in commercial and industrial settings to refer to mechanical dissolution of a solid by mixing, grinding or blending with a liquid.
In kitchen or laboratory settings, solids may be chopped into smaller parts sometimes in combination with a liquid, for example in food preparation or laboratory use. This may be done with a blender, or liquidiser in British English.
Irradiationedit
Liquefaction of silica and silicate glasses occurs on electron beam irradiation of nanosized samples in the column of transmission electron microscope.[10][11]
^Some authors contend that there is a distinction between liquefaction and liquification (which is more commonly considered a misspelling), with the latter term applying only to processes involving heat. Knox, Ray; Stewart, David (1995). "3. Recognizing Seismic Landforms". The New Madrid Fault Finders Guide. Marble Hill, MO: Gutenberg-Richter Publications. p. 36. ISBN978-0-934426-42-8. LCCN 91-91374.
^"Pharmaceutical Processes: Processes of Liquefaction". The Pharmaceutical Era. No. 21. 20 April 1899. p. 503. [by] a process of liquefaction is meant any process the effect of which is to cause a solid or gaseous body to assume or pass into the liquid state.
^Pickett, Joseph P., ed. (2005). "Liquefaction". The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 363. ISBN978-0-618-45504-1. LCCN 2004019696.
^Mavrikis, Peter; Horobin, Wendy, eds. (2003). "Liquefaction". How It Works: Science and Technology. Vol. 20 (3rd ed.). Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. p. 64. ISBN0-7614-7314-9. LCCN 2001028771.
^Speight, James G. (2013). The Chemistry and Technology of Coal. Chemical Industries. Vol. 132 (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 545–607. ISBN9781138199224.
^USGS. "About Liquefaction". from the original on 2013-04-12.
^Davis, Nicola. "Indonesia earthquake: soil liquefaction blamed for building collapses". The Guardian.
^Gourvenec, Susan (2 September 2018). "Mystery of the cargo ships that sink when their cargo suddenly liquefies". Ars Technica. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
^Marcolini, Barbara; Koettl, Christoph. "How the Indonesia Earthquake Made Soil Flow Like Water". NYT. No. International.
^Möbus, Günter; Ojovan, Michael; Cook, Stuart; Tsai, Jim; Yang, Guang (January 2010). "Nano-scale quasi-melting of alkali-borosilicate glasses under electron irradiation". Journal of Nuclear Materials. 396 (2–3): 264–271. Bibcode:2010JNuM..396..264M. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.11.020.
^Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Ed. 2010. Pg. 15
^Gardner, Kavid (2001). Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory and Clinical Perspectives. Taylor and Francis. p. 63. ISBN9780415448949. from the original on 2014-01-02. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
External linksedit
Look up liquefaction, liquefier, liquify, liquefy, liquidiser, liquidizer, liquidise, or liquidize in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liquefaction.
Seminal Clot Liquefaction
May 03, 2024
liquefaction, this, article, about, physical, process, secret, liquidation, materials, science, liquefaction, process, that, generates, liquid, from, solid, that, generates, liquid, phase, which, behaves, accordance, with, fluid, dynamics, occurs, both, natura. This article is about the physical process For the end of a secret see Liquidation In materials science liquefaction 1 is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas 2 or that generates a non liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics 3 It occurs both naturally and artificially As an example of the latter a major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to allow separation of the constituents such as oxygen nitrogen and the noble gases 4 Another is the conversion of solid coal into a liquid form usable as a substitute for liquid fuels 5 Contents 1 Geology 2 Physics and chemistry 2 1 Coal 2 2 Dissolution 2 2 1 Food preparation 2 3 Irradiation 3 Biology 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksGeology editMain article Soil liquefaction nbsp The effects of soil liquefaction seen after 2011 Canterbury earthquake In geology soil liquefaction refers to the process by which water saturated unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid often in an earthquake 6 Soil liquefaction was blamed for building collapses in the city of Palu Indonesia in October 2018 7 In a related phenomenon liquefaction of bulk materials in cargo ships may cause a dangerous shift in the load 8 9 Physics and chemistry editMain articles liquefaction of gases and melting In physics and chemistry the phase transitions from solid and gas to liquid melting and condensation respectively may be referred to as liquefaction The melting point sometimes called liquefaction point is the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid In commercial and industrial situations the process of condensing a gas to liquid is sometimes referred to as liquefaction of gases Coal edit Main article Coal liquefaction Coal liquefaction is the production of liquid fuels from coal using a variety of industrial processes Dissolution edit Main article dissolution chemistry Liquefaction is also used in commercial and industrial settings to refer to mechanical dissolution of a solid by mixing grinding or blending with a liquid Food preparation edit Main article blender In kitchen or laboratory settings solids may be chopped into smaller parts sometimes in combination with a liquid for example in food preparation or laboratory use This may be done with a blender or liquidiser in British English Irradiation edit Liquefaction of silica and silicate glasses occurs on electron beam irradiation of nanosized samples in the column of transmission electron microscope 10 11 Biology editMain articles liquefactive necrosis and semen analysis In biology liquefaction often involves organic tissue turning into a more liquid like state For example liquefactive necrosis in pathology 12 or liquefaction as a parameter in semen analysis 13 See also editCryogenic energy storage Fluidization Liquefaction of gases Liquifaction point Liquefied natural gas Liquefied petroleum gas Liquid air Liquid helium Liquid hydrogen Liquid nitrogen Liquid oxygen ThixotropyReferences edit Some authors contend that there is a distinction between liquefaction and liquification which is more commonly considered a misspelling with the latter term applying only to processes involving heat Knox Ray Stewart David 1995 3 Recognizing Seismic Landforms The New Madrid Fault Finders Guide Marble Hill MO Gutenberg Richter Publications p 36 ISBN 978 0 934426 42 8 LCCN 91 91374 Pharmaceutical Processes Processes of Liquefaction The Pharmaceutical Era No 21 20 April 1899 p 503 by a process of liquefaction is meant any process the effect of which is to cause a solid or gaseous body to assume or pass into the liquid state Pickett Joseph P ed 2005 Liquefaction The American Heritage Science Dictionary Boston MA Houghton Mifflin Company p 363 ISBN 978 0 618 45504 1 LCCN 2004019696 Mavrikis Peter Horobin Wendy eds 2003 Liquefaction How It Works Science and Technology Vol 20 3rd ed Tarrytown NY Marshall Cavendish p 64 ISBN 0 7614 7314 9 LCCN 2001028771 Speight James G 2013 The Chemistry and Technology of Coal Chemical Industries Vol 132 3rd ed Boca Raton FL CRC Press pp 545 607 ISBN 9781138199224 USGS About Liquefaction Archived from the original on 2013 04 12 Davis Nicola Indonesia earthquake soil liquefaction blamed for building collapses The Guardian Gourvenec Susan 2 September 2018 Mystery of the cargo ships that sink when their cargo suddenly liquefies Ars Technica Retrieved 6 September 2018 Marcolini Barbara Koettl Christoph How the Indonesia Earthquake Made Soil Flow Like Water NYT No International Mobus Gunter Ojovan Michael Cook Stuart Tsai Jim Yang Guang January 2010 Nano scale quasi melting of alkali borosilicate glasses under electron irradiation Journal of Nuclear Materials 396 2 3 264 271 Bibcode 2010JNuM 396 264M doi 10 1016 j jnucmat 2009 11 020 Zheng Kun Wang Chengcai Cheng Yong Qiang Yue Yonghai Han Xiaodong Zhang Ze Shan Zhiwei Mao Scott X Ye Miaomiao Yin Yadong Ma Evan December 2010 Electron beam assisted superplastic shaping of nanoscale amorphous silica Nature Communications 1 1 24 Bibcode 2010NatCo 1 24Z doi 10 1038 ncomms1021 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 3047011 PMID 20975693 Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Ed 2010 Pg 15 Gardner Kavid 2001 Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory and Clinical Perspectives Taylor and Francis p 63 ISBN 9780415448949 Archived from the original on 2014 01 02 Retrieved 2013 11 03 External links edit nbsp Look up liquefaction liquefier liquify liquefy liquidiser liquidizer liquidise or liquidize in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liquefaction Seminal Clot Liquefaction Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liquefaction amp oldid 1213813971, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
