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Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau

January 01, 1970

Leopold III Frederick Franz, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (10 August 1740 – 9 August 1817), known as "Prince Franz" or "Father Franz", was a German prince of the House of Ascania. From 1751 until 1807 he was reigning prince of the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau and from 1807 the first Duke of the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau.

Leopold III
Prince, then Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
Reign16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817
PredecessorLeopold II
SuccessorLeopold IV
RegentDietrich of Anhalt-Dessau
Born(1740-08-10)10 August 1740
Dessau, Anhalt
Died9 August 1817(1817-08-09) (aged 76)
Luisium Castle, near Dessau, Anhalt
SpouseLouise of Brandenburg-Schwedt
IssueFrederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Names
Leopold Friedrich Franz
HouseAscania
FatherLeopold II
MotherGisela Agnes of Anhalt-Köthen
ReligionLutheranism

A strong supporter of the Enlightenment, Leopold undertook numerous reforms in his principality and made Anhalt-Dessau one of the most modern and prosperous of the small German states. An Anglophile, Leopold also extended and altered the old gardens of Oranienbaum that were laid out in Dutch style to create the first and largest of the English parks of his time, renamed the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm.

Early life edit

Leopold was born at Dessau as the eldest son of the later Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his wife Gisela Agnes, daughter of Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen.

After having lost both parents in 1751 (his mother on 20 April and his father on 16 December), the eleven-year-old Leopold inherited Anhalt-Dessau under the regency of his uncle, Prince Dietrich.

Following in the footsteps of his grandfather and father, Leopold joined the Prussian Army. After the Battle of Kolín (18 June 1757), he was impressed so negatively by the spectacle of warfare that he resigned from the army and declared the neutrality of Anhalt-Dessau.

Rule edit

 
Portrait of Leopold III in 1762

In 1758 he was declared of age and assumed the government of his lands.

An Anglophile and strong supporter of the Enlightenment, Leopold took special interest in the education of the population of his principality in science and nature. His numerous reforms in the areas of education, health care, social services, roads, agriculture, forestry, and industry made Anhalt-Dessau one of the most modern and prosperous of the small German states.

The most conspicuous of his improvements included planting fruit trees along dykes and the construction of beautiful buildings.[1] However his reforms included public works programs repairing dykes destroyed by flooding, providing social housing, education, sanitation, the first public parks, burial grounds irrespective of social rank, as well as liberal policies towards the Jewish community, including allowing for the founding of a Jewish school and the first Jewish newspaper in Germany.[2]

He engaged Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff to build Wörlitz Palace (1769–1773), the first Neoclassical building in Germany. In 1774 Leopold engaged von Erdmannsdorff to construct a small residence with a small English park as a gift to his wife; in her honor, the castle took the name Schloss Luisium.[3][4]

Leopold also extended and altered the old gardens of Oranienbaum that were laid out in Dutch style to create the first and largest of the English parks of his time, renamed the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm.

In 1782 Leopold was tried by the Fürstenbund for his opposition to Prussian hegemony. In 1806 he was invited to Paris by Napoleon, who was impressed by his reputation. Leopold was one of the last princes to join the Confederation of the Rhine on 18 April 1807. On the other hand, despite his differences with the Prussian crown, he offered the Prussian rebel Major Ferdinand von Schill an honorable reception in Dessau on May 2, 1809.

Leopold was elevated to the rank of duke in 1807. As the head of the senior Anhalt branch, he could not earlier by etiquette receive his kinsmen, the Princes of Anhalt-Köthen and Anhalt-Bernburg, who were raised to that rank before him. He received the title by paying a considerable sum of money to the Emperor shortly before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, just as the prince of Anhalt-Bernburg had done before him.

In 1812 Leopold became regent of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen during the minority of Duke Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil.

Leopold died after a fall from his horse at Schloss Luisium, near Dessau, in 1817. He was succeeded by his eldest grandson Leopold IV, because his son, the Hereditary Prince Frederick, had predeceased him.

Marriage and issue edit

 
Princess Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt

In Charlottenburg on 25 July 1767 Leopold married his cousin Louise Henriette Wilhelmine (b. Różanki, Brandenburg, 24 September 1750 – d. Dessau, 21 December 1811), daughter of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, by his wife Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, a sister of his father. They had two children:

  1. A daughter (b. and d. Dessau, 11 February 1768).
  2. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. Dessau, 27 December 1769 – d. Dessau, 27 May 1814).

He also had ten illegitimate children:[5]

  • With Johanna Eleonore Hoffmeyer (b. 12 November 1739 – d. 3 May 1816), by marriage von Neitschütz since 1765:
  1. Wilhelmine Eleonore Fredericka [of Waldersee] (b. Dessau, 14 June 1762 – d. Dessau, 23 September 1762).
  2. Count Franz John George of Waldersee (b. Dessau, 5 September 1763 – d. Dessau, 30 May 1823), married in Dessau on 20 May 1787 to Countess Louise of Anhalt (morganatic granddaughter of the Hereditary Prince William Gustav, eldest son and heir of Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau). They had six children, three sons (Franz Henry, Eduard and Frederick Gustav) and three daughters (Louise, Amalie Agnes and Marie). Their descendants through the eldest son Franz Henry are still alive. A descendant of Franz Heinrich {1791-1873} and Bertha von Hünerbein {1799-1859} was General Alfred von Waldersee.
  3. Louise Eleonore Fredericka of Waldersee (b. Dessau, 30 August 1765 – d. 1804).
  • With Leopoldine Luise Schoch, daughter of his Master Gardener, who was ennobled with the surname "von Beringer":
  1. Wilhelmine Sidonie von Beringer (b. Wörlitz, 5 January 1789 – d. Halle, 20 April 1860), married in Wörlitz on 20 June 1815 to Wilhelm von Goerne.
  2. Louise Adelheid von Beringer (b. Dessau, 16 October 1790 – d. Halle, 5 June 1870), married in Wörlitz on 19 August 1812 to Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Georg von Glafey.
  3. Franz Adolf von Beringer (b. Wörlitz, 2 June 1792 – d. 28 February 1834), married to Auguste Wilhelmine Roeser (b. 2 June 1793 – d. 25 August 1855). They had one son Wilhelm, and one granddaughter, Magda, with the line apparently becoming extinct.
  • With Johanna Magdalena Luise Jäger (b. 1763 – d. ?):
  1. Franziska Jäger (b. 1789 – d. ?).
  2. Leopoldine Jäger (b. 1791 – d. 1847).
  3. Amalie Jäger (b. 1793 – d. 1841).
  • With Fredricka Wilhelmine Schulz (b. 1772 – d. 1843), by marriage Favreau:
  1. Louis Ferdinand Schulz (b. 1800 – d. 1893).

Ancestry edit

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leopold III Friedrich Franz, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau.
  1. ^ J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
  2. ^ Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," 11.
  3. ^ Fleming, John; Honour, Hugh; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1998). The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (5 ed.). Penguin. p. 15. ISBN 0-14-051323-X.
  4. ^ Curl, James Stevens (1999). Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860678-9.
  5. ^ de:Leopold III. Friedrich Franz (Anhalt-Dessau)
Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
Born: 10 August 1740 Died: 9 August 1817
Regnal titles
Preceded by Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
1751–1817 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
leopold, duke, anhalt, dessau, leopold, frederick, franz, duke, anhalt, dessau, august, 1740, august, 1817, known, prince, franz, father, franz, german, prince, house, ascania, from, 1751, until, 1807, reigning, prince, principality, anhalt, dessau, from, 1807. Leopold III Frederick Franz Duke of Anhalt Dessau 10 August 1740 9 August 1817 known as Prince Franz or Father Franz was a German prince of the House of Ascania From 1751 until 1807 he was reigning prince of the Principality of Anhalt Dessau and from 1807 the first Duke of the Duchy of Anhalt Dessau Leopold IIIPrince then Duke of Anhalt DessauReign16 December 1751 9 August 1817PredecessorLeopold IISuccessorLeopold IVRegentDietrich of Anhalt DessauBorn 1740 08 10 10 August 1740Dessau AnhaltDied9 August 1817 1817 08 09 aged 76 Luisium Castle near Dessau AnhaltSpouseLouise of Brandenburg SchwedtIssueFrederick Hereditary Prince of Anhalt DessauNamesLeopold Friedrich FranzHouseAscaniaFatherLeopold IIMotherGisela Agnes of Anhalt KothenReligionLutheranism A strong supporter of the Enlightenment Leopold undertook numerous reforms in his principality and made Anhalt Dessau one of the most modern and prosperous of the small German states An Anglophile Leopold also extended and altered the old gardens of Oranienbaum that were laid out in Dutch style to create the first and largest of the English parks of his time renamed the Dessau Worlitz Garden Realm Contents 1 Early life 2 Rule 3 Marriage and issue 4 Ancestry 5 ReferencesEarly life editLeopold was born at Dessau as the eldest son of the later Leopold II Prince of Anhalt Dessau by his wife Gisela Agnes daughter of Leopold Prince of Anhalt Kothen After having lost both parents in 1751 his mother on 20 April and his father on 16 December the eleven year old Leopold inherited Anhalt Dessau under the regency of his uncle Prince Dietrich Following in the footsteps of his grandfather and father Leopold joined the Prussian Army After the Battle of Kolin 18 June 1757 he was impressed so negatively by the spectacle of warfare that he resigned from the army and declared the neutrality of Anhalt Dessau Rule edit nbsp Portrait of Leopold III in 1762In 1758 he was declared of age and assumed the government of his lands An Anglophile and strong supporter of the Enlightenment Leopold took special interest in the education of the population of his principality in science and nature His numerous reforms in the areas of education health care social services roads agriculture forestry and industry made Anhalt Dessau one of the most modern and prosperous of the small German states The most conspicuous of his improvements included planting fruit trees along dykes and the construction of beautiful buildings 1 However his reforms included public works programs repairing dykes destroyed by flooding providing social housing education sanitation the first public parks burial grounds irrespective of social rank as well as liberal policies towards the Jewish community including allowing for the founding of a Jewish school and the first Jewish newspaper in Germany 2 He engaged Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff to build Worlitz Palace 1769 1773 the first Neoclassical building in Germany In 1774 Leopold engaged von Erdmannsdorff to construct a small residence with a small English park as a gift to his wife in her honor the castle took the name Schloss Luisium 3 4 Leopold also extended and altered the old gardens of Oranienbaum that were laid out in Dutch style to create the first and largest of the English parks of his time renamed the Dessau Worlitz Garden Realm In 1782 Leopold was tried by the Furstenbund for his opposition to Prussian hegemony In 1806 he was invited to Paris by Napoleon who was impressed by his reputation Leopold was one of the last princes to join the Confederation of the Rhine on 18 April 1807 On the other hand despite his differences with the Prussian crown he offered the Prussian rebel Major Ferdinand von Schill an honorable reception in Dessau on May 2 1809 Leopold was elevated to the rank of duke in 1807 As the head of the senior Anhalt branch he could not earlier by etiquette receive his kinsmen the Princes of Anhalt Kothen and Anhalt Bernburg who were raised to that rank before him He received the title by paying a considerable sum of money to the Emperor shortly before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 just as the prince of Anhalt Bernburg had done before him In 1812 Leopold became regent of the duchy of Anhalt Kothen during the minority of Duke Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil Leopold died after a fall from his horse at Schloss Luisium near Dessau in 1817 He was succeeded by his eldest grandson Leopold IV because his son the Hereditary Prince Frederick had predeceased him Marriage and issue edit nbsp Princess Louise of Brandenburg Schwedt In Charlottenburg on 25 July 1767 Leopold married his cousin Louise Henriette Wilhelmine b Rozanki Brandenburg 24 September 1750 d Dessau 21 December 1811 daughter of Frederick Henry Margrave of Brandenburg Schwedt by his wife Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt Dessau a sister of his father They had two children A daughter b and d Dessau 11 February 1768 Frederick Hereditary Prince of Anhalt Dessau b Dessau 27 December 1769 d Dessau 27 May 1814 He also had ten illegitimate children 5 With Johanna Eleonore Hoffmeyer b 12 November 1739 d 3 May 1816 by marriage von Neitschutz since 1765 Wilhelmine Eleonore Fredericka of Waldersee b Dessau 14 June 1762 d Dessau 23 September 1762 Count Franz John George of Waldersee b Dessau 5 September 1763 d Dessau 30 May 1823 married in Dessau on 20 May 1787 to Countess Louise of Anhalt morganatic granddaughter of the Hereditary Prince William Gustav eldest son and heir of Prince Leopold I of Anhalt Dessau They had six children three sons Franz Henry Eduard and Frederick Gustav and three daughters Louise Amalie Agnes and Marie Their descendants through the eldest son Franz Henry are still alive A descendant of Franz Heinrich 1791 1873 and Bertha von Hunerbein 1799 1859 was General Alfred von Waldersee Louise Eleonore Fredericka of Waldersee b Dessau 30 August 1765 d 1804 With Leopoldine Luise Schoch daughter of his Master Gardener who was ennobled with the surname von Beringer Wilhelmine Sidonie von Beringer b Worlitz 5 January 1789 d Halle 20 April 1860 married in Worlitz on 20 June 1815 to Wilhelm von Goerne Louise Adelheid von Beringer b Dessau 16 October 1790 d Halle 5 June 1870 married in Worlitz on 19 August 1812 to Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Georg von Glafey Franz Adolf von Beringer b Worlitz 2 June 1792 d 28 February 1834 married to Auguste Wilhelmine Roeser b 2 June 1793 d 25 August 1855 They had one son Wilhelm and one granddaughter Magda with the line apparently becoming extinct With Johanna Magdalena Luise Jager b 1763 d Franziska Jager b 1789 d Leopoldine Jager b 1791 d 1847 Amalie Jager b 1793 d 1841 With Fredricka Wilhelmine Schulz b 1772 d 1843 by marriage Favreau Louis Ferdinand Schulz b 1800 d 1893 Ancestry editAncestors of Leopold III Duke of Anhalt Dessau8 John George II Prince of Anhalt Dessau4 Leopold I Prince of Anhalt Dessau9 Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau2 Leopold II Prince of Anhalt Dessau10 Rudolf Fohse5 Anna Louise Fohse11 Agnes Ohme1 Leopold III Duke of Anhalt Dessau12 Emmanuel Lebrecht Prince of Anhalt Kothen6 Leopold Prince of Anhalt Kothen13 Gisela Agnes of Rath3 Princess Gisela Agnes of Anhalt Kothen14 Karl Frederick Prince of Anhalt Bernburg7 Frederica Henriette of Anhalt Bernburg15 Sophie Albertine of Solms SonnenwaldeReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leopold III Friedrich Franz Duke of Anhalt Dessau J Morley The Bauhaus Effect in Social Utopias of the Twenties Germany Muller Bushmann press 1995 11 Morley The Bauhaus Effect 11 Fleming John Honour Hugh Pevsner Nikolaus 1998 The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 5 ed Penguin p 15 ISBN 0 14 051323 X Curl James Stevens 1999 Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 2 ed Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 860678 9 de Leopold III Friedrich Franz Anhalt Dessau Leopold III Duke of Anhalt DessauHouse of AscaniaBorn 10 August 1740 Died 9 August 1817 Regnal titles Preceded byLeopold II Prince of Anhalt Dessau1751 1817 Succeeded byLeopold IV Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leopold III Duke of Anhalt Dessau amp oldid 1188331245, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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