In Taiwan, parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and abolished the National Assembly, originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament.
The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party's scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."[1]
Under Articles 35 and 37 of the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act [zh], the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population density. Demographic data is obtained by investigation of household registration and should be compiled two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators end. The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries, then submits any proposed alterations to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.
Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which, with 34 seats, is 2.9412%. A party's vote share must exceed a threshold of 5% to win any seats. Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded. The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated. A party is allocated one seat for every 2.9412% of votes. The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder.
For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. Therefore, with an odd number of seats, females will always outnumber males.
Following the constitutional reforms in the 1990s, elections for the National Assembly in its entirety was conducted. The chamber was streamlined in 2000 and became fully defunct in 2005.
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In Taiwan parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan the unicameral legislature of Taiwan The current electoral system was introduced in 2008 The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years reduced seat count from 225 to 113 and abolished the National Assembly originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament Contents 1 Current electoral system 1 1 Single member constituencies 1 2 Indigenous districts 1 3 Party list 2 List of Legislative Yuan elections 3 Early parliamentary elections 3 1 Supplementary elections 3 1 1 National Assembly supplementary elections 3 1 2 Legislative Yuan supplementary elections 3 1 3 Control Yuan supplementary elections 3 2 National Assembly elections 4 See also 5 ReferencesCurrent electoral system editMembers are elected by parallel voting 73 members by first past the post in single member districts 6 by single non transferable voting in multi member districts exclusive for persons with indigenous status 34 by party list proportional representation votingSingle member constituencies edit Main article Legislative Yuan constituenciesThe delimitation of the single member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years with bargaining between the government and the legislature Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned the ten others have only one seat only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party s scheme and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non partisan Solidarity Union People First Party Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union 1 Under Articles 35 and 37 of the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act zh the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population density Demographic data is obtained by investigation of household registration and should be compiled two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators end The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries then submits any proposed alterations to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement Indigenous districts edit Six seats are reserved for indigenous peoples They are elected by single non transferable vote in two 3 member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively This system did not fulfil the promise in the treaty like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan where each of the 13 recognised indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished Party list edit Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which with 34 seats is 2 9412 A party s vote share must exceed a threshold of 5 to win any seats Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated A party is allocated one seat for every 2 9412 of votes The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder For each party at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female Therefore with an odd number of seats females will always outnumber males List of Legislative Yuan elections editLY Year First party Status Seat composition Popular vote Party list vote from 2008 Parties by seat count 1 1948 Kuomintang Majority 716 759 Kuomintang 716 Democratic Socialist 17 Youth 6 Independents 20 2 1992 Kuomintang Majority 95 161 Kuomintang 95 Democratic Progressive 51 Chinese Social Democratic 1 Independents 14 3 1995 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 85 161 Kuomintang 85 Democratic Progressive 54 New 21 Independents 4 4 1998 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 123 225 Kuomintang 123 Democratic Progressive 70 New 11 Democratic Union 4 Nationwide Democratic Nonpartisan Union 3 New Nation Alliance 1 Taiwan Independence 1 Independents 12 5 2001 Democratic Progressive nbsp Minority 87 225 Democratic Progressive 87 Kuomintang 68 People First 46 Taiwan Solidarity Union 13 New 1 Taiwan Number One 1 Independents 9 6 2004 Democratic Progressive nbsp Minority 89 225 Democratic Progressive 89 Kuomintang 79 People First 34 Taiwan Solidarity Union 12 Non Partisan Solidarity Union 6 New 1 Independents 4 7 2008 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 81 113 Kuomintang 81 Democratic Progressive 27 Non Partisan Solidarity Union 3 People First 1 Independents 1 8 2012 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 64 113 Kuomintang 64 Democratic Progressive 40 Taiwan Solidarity Union 3 People First 3 Non Partisan Solidarity Union 2 Independents 1 9 2016 Democratic Progressive nbsp Majority 68 113 Democratic Progressive 68 Kuomintang 35 New Power 5 People First 3 Non Partisan Solidarity Union 1 Independents 1 10 2020 Democratic Progressive nbsp Majority 61 113 Democratic Progressive 61 Kuomintang 38 Taiwan People s 5 New Power 3 Statebuilding 1 Independents 5 Early parliamentary elections editSupplementary elections edit According to the interpretation of the Judicial Yuan 2 under the original constitution the National Assembly Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan were seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan After 20 years of relocating the government to Taiwan the Kuomintang led government of the Republic of China amended the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion to start limited parliamentary elections The elected members served together with existing members elected by the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election the 1948 Chinese legislative election and the 1947 1948 Chinese Control Yuan election in the respective chambers Election Date Legislative Yuan 3 National Assembly 4 Election Date Control Yuan 5 Name Seats Name Seats Name Seats1969 Taiwanese legislative election 1969 December 20 Supp 11 Supp 15 1969 Taiwanese Control Yuan election 1969 December 29 Supp 21972 Taiwanese legislative election 1972 December 23 1st supp 51 1st supp 53 1973 Taiwanese Control Yuan election 1973 February 15 1st supp 151975 Taiwanese legislative election 1975 December 20 2nd supp 52 1980 Taiwanese legislative election 1980 December 6 3rd supp 97 2nd supp 100 1980 Taiwanese Control Yuan election 1980 December 29 2nd supp 321983 Taiwanese legislative election 1983 December 3 4th supp 98 1986 Taiwanese legislative election 1986 December 6 5th supp 100 3rd supp 100 1987 Taiwanese Control Yuan election 1987 January 10 3rd supp 321989 Taiwanese legislative election 1989 December 2 6th supp 130 National Assembly supplementary elections edit Term Year First party Status Supplementary seat composition Parties by seat count 1supp 1969 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 15 15 Kuomintang 15 11st supp 1972 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 43 53 Kuomintang 43 Independents 10 12nd supp 1980 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 63 76 Kuomintang 63 Democratic Socialist 1 Independents 12 13rd supp 1986 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 68 84 Kuomintang 68 Democratic Progressive 11 Democratic Socialist 1 Independents 4 Legislative Yuan supplementary elections edit Term Year First party Status Supplementary seat composition Parties by seat count 1supp 1969 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 8 11 Kuomintang 8 Independents 3 11st supp 1972 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 41 51 Kuomintang 41 Youth 1 Independents 9 12nd supp 1975 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 43 52 Kuomintang 21 Youth 1 Independents 9 13rd supp 1980 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 81 97 Kuomintang 81 Youth 2 Independents 14 14th supp 1983 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 83 98 Kuomintang 83 Democratic Socialist 1 Youth 2 Independents 12 15th supp 1986 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 79 100 Kuomintang 79 Democratic Progressive 12 Democratic Socialist 1 Youth 2 Independents 6 16th supp 1989 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 94 130 Kuomintang 94 Democratic Progressive 21 Youth 1 Independents 14 Control Yuan supplementary elections edit Supplementary members of the Control Yuan were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures Term Year First party Status Supplementary seat composition Parties by seat count 1supp 1969 Even Kuomintang 1 Independents 1 11st supp 1973 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 13 15 Kuomintang 13 Democratic Socialist 1 Independents 1 12nd supp 1980 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 21 32 Kuomintang 21 Democratic Socialist 1 Youth 1 Independents 9 13rd supp 1987 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 24 32 Kuomintang 24 Democratic Socialist 1 Youth 1 Independents 6 National Assembly elections edit Following the constitutional reforms in the 1990s elections for the National Assembly in its entirety was conducted The chamber was streamlined in 2000 and became fully defunct in 2005 Term Year First party Status Seat composition Popular vote Parties by seat count 2 1991 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 254 325 Kuomintang 254 Democratic Progressive 66 Nationwide Democratic Nonpartisan Union 3 Other and Independents 2 3 1996 Kuomintang nbsp Majority 183 334 Kuomintang 183 Democratic Progressive 99 New 46 Other and Independents 5 Green 1 ad hoc 2005 Democratic Progressive nbsp Minority 127 300 Democratic Progressive 127 Kuomintang 117 Taiwan Solidarity Union 21 People First 18 Others 17 See also editLegislative Yuan constituencies Politics of Taiwan Presidential elections in Taiwan Elections in TaiwanReferences edit January 31 2007 CEC Completes Legislative Constituency Redistricting Archived 2007 09 28 at the Wayback Machine Taiwan Headlines Retrieved on 2008 01 12 J Y Interpretation No 76 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要 立法委員選舉 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要 國民大會代表選舉 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要 監察委員選舉 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Legislative Yuan elections amp 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